葵花籽油微乳液对万寿菊中叶黄素提取工艺优化

以万寿菊颗粒为原料,利用葵花籽油微乳液作为提取剂提取叶黄素。在单因素试验的基础上,进行响应面试验优化微乳提取万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素的工艺。结果表明:影响万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素提取率的顺序为时间固液比温度,温度和时间的交互作用对葵花籽油微乳提取万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素提取率的影响较为明显(P0.05);通过响应面的数据分析得到,万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素的最佳提取条件为固液比1∶61(g/mL)、温度40.00℃、时间96 min,此时叶黄素的实际提取率为0.86%。     

超声-微波协同提取姜黄色素的研究

实验研究了姜黄色素的超声-微波协同提取工艺.以提取温度、提取时间和液固比为因素,以姜黄色素得率为响应值,设计三因素三水平的响应面分析实验,对其工艺参数进行优化,确定了最佳的工艺条件:提取温度53℃,提取时间19 min,液固比为17:1(mL/g),在该提取条件下姜黄色素得率为3.00%.     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取酸枣仁异牡荆素工艺

本研究旨在用响应面方法优化酸枣仁异牡荆素的超声辅助提取工艺。通过单因素实验考察超声时间、超声功率、乙醇体积分数、超声温度和液固比对异牡荆素得率的影响,以这些因素为自变量,异牡荆素得率为响应值,设计四因素三水平Box-Behnken响应面试验方法。结果表明,响应面法优化超声提取条件:超声功率419 W,液固比16∶1 mL/g,超声时间61 min,乙醇体积分数73.70%,各因素的影响重要性依次为:乙醇体积分数超声时间液固比超声功率。预测最佳得率0.236%与实际得率0.241%相比,相对误差为2.075%,证明模型理论预测值与实际值拟合效果良好。本研究优化了提取异牡荆素的超声辅助技术,为超声辅助提取黄酮类化合物提供了方法借鉴。     

响应面法优化小花玄参总皂苷提取工艺研究

以小花玄参总皂苷得率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法研究提取溶剂、萃取溶剂、微波功率、温度、时间和液固比等因素对小花玄参总皂苷提取的主效应和交互作用,并建立总皂苷得率与因素间的二次回归模型。结果表明:该回归模型极显著,预测性强;提取时间、提取温度及液固比是影响得率的主要因素;优化得到的最佳提取工艺条件:以70%乙醇溶液作提取剂,正丁醇作萃取剂,微波功率为450 W,提取温度为65℃,提取时间为11 min,液固比为22:1,在此条件下总皂苷得率为1.507%。     

响应面法优化醇法提取茶皂素工艺研究

以无水乙醇为溶剂,对醇法提取脱脂油茶籽饼中茶皂素的工艺进行了研究.采用单因素实验考察了提取温度、提取时间、液固比对茶皂素得率的影响,并在此基础上采用响应面法对工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度77.0℃,提取时间1.5h,液固比5∶1.最佳条件下茶皂素得率为15.99％.     

超声波辅助法微乳提取玉米黄粉中玉米黄素工艺

研究超声波辅助法微乳液法提取玉米黄粉中玉米黄素的最佳工艺条件。以玉米黄粉为原料,葵花籽油微乳液作为试验提取剂,以料液比、时间、温度作为单因素试验评价指标,并在此基础上进行正交试验优化微乳提取玉米黄粉中玉米黄素的最佳工艺研究。结果表明,超声辅助对其玉米黄素的提取率较好,影响提取效果的因素的主次顺序是温度时间料液比;根据正交试验优化的结果,最佳提取条件为:料液比1︰40 (g/mL)、温度40℃、时间110 min。此时玉米黄素的实际提取率是0.36 mg/g。利用超声辅助不仅节省时间而且提高提取率,因此可以为提取玉米黄素的研究提供科学基础。     

响应面法优化恒温-回流提取锥栗壳色素工艺

目的优化锥栗壳色素提取工艺,为加工废弃物锥栗壳资源得到有效的开发利用提供参考。方法以新鲜干燥的锥栗壳粉为原料,采用恒温-回流法提取锥栗壳色素,在单因素实验基础上,固定液固比30:1(mL:g)、提取1次,优化乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间3个因素,获得更高色素得率,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合设计和响应曲面分析法,研究各个因素及其交互作用对色素得率的影响,模拟获得二次多项式回归方程的预测模型。结果锥栗壳色素的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度47%、提取温度90℃、提取时间2.5 h。在此条件下,锥栗壳色素的得率为17.29%,与预测值17.40%相对误差为0.63%。结论通过响应面法优化得出的数学模型合理可靠,获得的锥栗壳色素提取工艺可行。     

响应面法优化超声提取芦笋总皂苷

利用响应面法对超声提取芦笋总皂苷的工艺进行优化。实验研究了超声条件下影响芦笋总皂苷得率的因素,包括乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间、超声温度,并通过响应面法优化提取工艺。根据中心组合设计原理采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,得出了超声提取芦笋总皂苷的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶15(W/V),乙醇浓度74%,超声时间54min,超声温度50℃,此时芦笋总皂苷得率为13.06%,接近于模型预测值13.18%。     

响应面试验优化苹果渣总三萜超声提取工艺

利用超声波提取技术结合响应面分析法对富士苹果渣中总三萜的提取工艺进行优化。选择苹果渣粉碎粒度、液固比、乙醇体积分数、超声时间和超声温度进行单因素试验,在此基础上采用Plackett-Burman因素筛选设计对影响超声波提取苹果渣总三萜的因素进行试验,筛选出影响显著的因素;然后根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,选取三因素三水平,以苹果渣总三萜得率为响应值进行响应面分析,确定最优工艺参数。结果表明：Plackett-Burman设计筛选出粉碎粒度、液固比和乙醇体积分数为对苹果渣总三萜得率有显著影响的因素;通过响应面分析,确定苹果渣总三萜最优提取工艺为粉碎粒度100 目、液固比12∶1（mL/g）、提取溶剂为无水乙醇、超声时间20 min、超声温度40 ℃,在此条件下富士苹果渣总三萜的得率为（7.10±0.01）%。     

响应面法优化栀子油提取工艺研究

以石油醚为提取溶剂,研究溶剂法提取栀子油工艺。选取提取时间、提取温度、料液比作为影响因素,在单因素试验的基础上,以栀子油得率为响应值,进行三因素三水平的Box-Behnken试验,采用响应面法优化栀子油的提取工艺。结果表明:栀子油提取最佳工艺条件为提取时间4 h、提取温度81℃、料液比1∶5。在最佳工艺条件下,栀子油得率达到19.21%,与模型预测值(19.37%)接近,说明所得优化条件可行。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the