α-Zr基体显微组织对新锆合金氧化膜的形成及其耐腐蚀性能的影响

通过静态高压釜实验研究了NZ2、NZ8两种含Nb锆合金在400℃/10.3MPa蒸汽中的腐蚀规律;透射电镜及中子衍射对两种新锆合金α-Zr基体的显微结构进行分析;X射线衍射法、拉曼光谱法研究了它们在400℃蒸汽中腐蚀后氧化膜的晶体结构。腐蚀规律研究表明,400℃蒸汽中,NZ2合金的耐腐蚀性能较NZ8的好。α-Zr基体的显微结构研究显示,NZ2合金第二相粒子主要包括C14型Zr(Fe,Cr)2和Zr(Fe,Cr,Nb)2两种类型,α-Zr基体中固溶的Nb含量低于平衡固溶度;NZ8合金中只发现了一种Zr-Fe-Nb第二相粒子,Nb元素过饱和存在于α-Zr基体。氧化膜晶体结构研究显示,转折前氧化膜由四方相和单斜相组成,转折时,氧化膜内部出现了立方相,立方相的形成与Nb的添加密切相关;氧化膜中四方相含量越高,锆合金的耐腐蚀性能越好。大量Zr-Fe-Nb第二相粒子以及α-Zr基体中过饱和的Nb含量增加了NZ8合金氧化膜局部体积膨胀,促进了裂纹的生成,加速了氧化膜内部四方相向单斜相的转变,从而使腐蚀加速,而α-Zr基体中低于平衡固溶度的Nb含量及少量Zr(Fe,Cr)2和Zr(Fe,Cr,Nb)2第二相粒子使NZ2合金耐腐蚀性能相对较好。     

NZ2合金在不同介质中腐蚀后氧化膜的晶体结构

通过分析NZ2合金在360℃、18.6MPa含锂水和400℃、10.3MPa蒸汽中腐蚀后氧化膜的晶体结构,研究了腐蚀过程中氧化膜晶体结构的转变及其对锆合金耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:NZ2合金腐蚀后氧化膜的结构以单斜氧化锆为主,还有一定量畸变了的四方氧化锆.四方氧化锆主要由氧化膜内的压应力稳定.随着腐蚀时间的延长,氧化膜与金属间的界面向前推进,当氧化锆中的压应力不足以稳定四方相时,四方氧化锫转变为单斜氧化锆.从氧化膜与金属间的界面到氧化膜的外表面,四方相的含量不断降低,界面处的四方相含量最高.NZ2合金在360℃含锂水中腐蚀时,氧化膜内四方相向单斜相的转变速度比在400℃蒸汽中腐蚀时四方相向单斜相的转变速度低得多.四方相向单斜相的转变是决定锆合金抗腐蚀性能的主要因素,四方相转变得越快,其含量越低,腐蚀速率越高.     

Zr-2合金表面ZrO2/Cr复合膜的高温蒸汽氧化行为

用微弧氧化(MAO)和磁过滤阴极真空弧离子镀(FCVAD)在Zr-2合金表面制备ZrO₂/Cr复合膜,用热重分析仪(TGA)评估了Zr-2合金基体和ZrO₂/Cr复合膜在900～1100℃蒸汽环境中的抗氧化性能,并分析其氧化后氧化层的截面结构、相组成和成分深度分布。结果表明,在900、1000和1100℃蒸汽环境中分别氧化3600 s后,ZrO₂/Cr复合膜试样单位面积增重约为Zr-2合金基体的3/8、1/4和2/5。在高温蒸汽环境中,ZrO₂/Cr复合膜表面氧化生成的致密Cr₂O₃膜能抑制氧向内扩散,提高锆合金的抗蒸汽氧化性能,阻止锆试样在1000℃蒸汽环境中出现分离氧化。ZrO₂/Cr复合膜的表面Cr层完全消耗前,Cr涂层的氧化主要取决于铬向外扩散,而不是氧向内扩散。在蒸汽氧化过程中,MAO膜的中间层能抑制氢渗透进入锆合金基体。     

Fe80-xCoxZr8Ge2B10 (x=0,8, 16)合金的热性能、结构和磁性能

用单辊快淬法制备Fe80-xCoxZr8Ge2B10(x=0,8,16)非晶合金,再对3种合金进行不同温度下退火处理.利用差热分析仪(DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试手段对样品的热性能、微观结构及磁性能进行研究.结果表明,Fe80-xCox Zr8 Ge2 B10(x=0,8,16)合金在快淬态时均形成非晶.Fe80 Zr8 Ge2B10和Fe72 Co8 Zr8 Ge2 B10的晶化过程类似,比较复杂;Fe64 Co16 Zr8 Ge2 B10合金的晶化过程不同于其他两种合金,相对简单.3种合金的比饱和磁化强度整体上随着Co含量的增加而增大.     

Nb/NbCr_2合金表面硅化物涂层的高温抗氧化性能

用扩散渗法在Nb/NbCr2合金表面制备硅化物涂层,研究了基体合金和涂层在1250℃的氧化行为。结果表明:在Nb/NbCr2合金表面渗Si所得硅化物涂层由(Nb,Cr)Si2和(Cr,Nb)Si2两相组成,过渡层为(Nb,Cr)5Si3,涂层的生长动力学服从抛物线规律。基体合金在1250℃氧化形成的氧化膜为Nb2O5和CrNbO4交替分布的疏松组织,与基体有剥离现象。渗Si涂层在1250℃氧化形成的氧化膜较为致密完整,与残留涂层结合良好,为SiO2和CrNbO4混合氧化膜,改善了合金的高温抗氧化性能。     

锆合金氧化膜研究进展

简述了锆合金氧化膜的物相组成和转变及其对锆合金耐腐蚀性能的影响.并重点论述了锆合金的化学成分、热处理制度、表面改性技术及工作条件对锆合金氧化膜和耐腐蚀性能的影响.     

Fe77Co2Zr9B10Cu2合金的制备及其磁性能

采用单辊快淬法制备了Fe77Co2Zr9B10Cu2合金,在530～750℃等温退火40 min,利用X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计研究了Fe77 Co2 Zr9 B10 Cu2合金的微观结构和磁性能。结果表明:淬态Fe77Co2Zr9B10Cu2合金为非晶、纳米晶双相结构。随着退火温度的升高,α-Fe晶体相从非晶、基体中析出,晶粒尺寸长大,晶化体积分数增加,矫顽力先减小后增大,比饱和磁化强度逐渐增大。实验结果表明,530℃退火后合金的矫顽力最小,在670℃时迅速增大。样品的磁性与其微观结构、晶粒尺寸、晶化体积分数等因素有关.     

Zr-Sn-Nb合金第二相粒子结构特征及显微组织演变

采用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪结合第一性原理计算,研究Zr-Sn-Nb合金成品带材第二相粒子的结构特征,采用卧式金相显微镜结合Zr-Nb二元合金相图,分析成品带材不同热处理温度条件下显微组织的演变规律。结果表明,Zr-Sn-Nb合金成品带材第二相粒子为椭圆形或圆形,在晶粒内部和晶界呈弥散均匀分布,平均尺寸80.7nm;尺寸较小的第二相为立方结构的β-Nb,尺寸较大的第二相为具有ZrCr_2型六方晶体结构的Zr(Nb,Fe)_2,Nb倾向占据Cr(Ⅱ)位置,Fe倾向占据Cr(Ⅰ)位置;成品带材350℃时具有较好组织稳定性,590℃时显微组织为α-Zr+β-Nb+Zr-Nb-Fe粒子,650℃时显微组织为α-Zr+β-Zr+Zr-Nb-Fe粒子,800℃时显微组织为α-Zr+β-Zr,900℃时显微组织为β-Zr;由于Zr(Nb,Fe)2第二相高温下结构不稳定,650~800℃发生溶解,β-Nb第二相随温度升高,其结构稳定性不及β-Zr,但优于α-Zr,因此Zr-Sn-Nb合金成品带材温度较低时,显微组织中的基体相为α-Zr,随着温度的升高,Zr(Nb,Fe)2、β-Nb第二相消失,基体相α-Zr逐渐被β-Zr取代。     

UO_2-ZrO_2固溶体的形成机制和致密化规律（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了UO_2-ZrO_2芯块,分析了制备过程中芯块的固溶体的形成、微观组织结构和致密化行为。X射线衍射结果表明低于1600℃时UO_2-ZrO_2芯块中主要是四方结构的ZrO_2固溶体和面心立方结构的UO_2固溶体。随着烧结温度的增加,ZrO_2固溶体逐渐减少,UO_2固溶体不断增加,并伴有2θ的偏移。由于离子扩散速率和晶体结构不同,Zr元素易扩散至UO_2中,UO_2基体固溶ZrO_2同时不断长大,原ZrO_2的位置产生缺陷,使得芯块形成新的孔隙,芯块密度下降。烧结温度大于1650℃时,基体组织主要是是面心立方(U,Zr)O_2,晶粒尺寸迅速长大。     

熔融 NaCl-(Na,K)_2SO_4引起的 Fe-Cr 合金的热腐蚀

本文采用电化学方法研究了 Fe-Cr 合金在800℃、熔融 NaCl-(Na,K)_2SO_4中的腐蚀行为,并对腐蚀产物进行了观察和分析。结果表明,提高合金 Cr 含量可以改善合金耐蚀性能。氧化-硫化是Fe5Cr、Fe10Cr 合金腐蚀破坏的主要方式;氧化膜的熔融反应是 Fe20Cr、Fe25Cr 合金加速腐蚀的主要原因。同时,氧化膜的机械破裂也加速了合金的腐蚀。     

LuMnGe2, un nouveau type structural apparente a ceux de TiMn(Fe)Si2, ZrMnSi2 et ZrFeSi2; ScMnGe2, un nouvel isotype de TiMn(Fe)Si2

LuMnGe₂ has been studied by single - crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure is of a new type with space group Cmmm and Z = 12: a = 5.466(2), b = 18.519(7), $\text{c}\text{= 8.173(3)}\text{A}\text{?}$, D_x = 9.03 Mg m^?3, μ(AgKα) = 31 mm^?1, F(000) = 1919, R = 0.030 for 593 independant reflexions (R_w = 0.034). The LuMnGe₂ structure type had been predicted and completes a large structural family TT′Si(Ge)₂ where T = Nb, Ti, Zr, Hf, Sc, Lu and T′ = Cr, Mn, Re, Fe, Co, where ScMnGe₂ is another new member, isostructural with TiMn(Fe)Si₂     

Transmission electron microscopy investigation of Zr2(Fe,Ni) particles incorporated in the oxide film formed on a Zirconium alloy

An analytical electron microscopy has been used to investigate the microstructural oxide of Zr₂(Fe,Ni) particles incorporated into the oxide film formed on the alloy ZrSnNbFeCrNi. The alloy has been oxidized in 18.6 MPa lithiated water at 360 °C for 14 days forming an oxide scale of thickness around 1.2 μm. The results indicate: (i) the oxidation of Zr₂(Fe,Ni) particles is faster than that of Zr(Fe,Cr)₂ particles, accompanied by the diffusion of Fe and Ni out of the Zr₂(Fe,Ni) particles to the surrounding ZrO₂ matrix and; (ii) the oxidation products for Zr₂(Fe,Ni) particles mainly comprise amorphous oxide along with cubic, tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO₂. The behavior of Zr₂(Fe,Ni) particles during oxidation is discussed.     

Effects of hot pressing temperature on microstructure,hardness and corrosion resistance of Al2NbTi3V2Zr high-entropy alloy

A novel lightweight high-entropy alloy Al₂NbTi₃V₂Zr was fabricated by vacuum hot pressing. The effects of sintering temperature (1200–1550°C) on the microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of the alloy were investigated. Results showed that Al₂NbTi₃V₂Zr mainly consisted of simple cubic matrix and (Zr, Al)-based intermetallic phase (α-phase) at sintering temperatures of 1200–1350°C. Moreover, the matrix phase transformed from simple cubic to body-centred cubic phase, and (Ti, Zr, Al)-based intermetallic precipitated from the matrix at temperature of 1450°C. The fabricated Al₂NbTi₃V₂Zr alloy had low density of 5.05–5.23?g?cm^–3, high hardness of 510–728?HV and excellent corrosion resistance in 10?wt-% HNO₃ solution.     

The effect of HfO2 second phase in Fe films upon ion irradiation

Ferrum of BCC crystal structure is a typical kind of matrix in structural alloy steels which could be strengthened by introducing some second phase. In the present study, BCC Fe thin films with hafnium oxide (HfO₂) second phase have been synthesized in an electron beam evaporation system. Multi-layered and glancing angle deposition (GLAD) techniques were taken to form some HfO₂ second phase in Fe films. Ion irradiation was conducted to investigate the irradiation resistance of the obtained samples with and without HfO₂ second phase.     

Influence of powder metallurgical processing on production and properties of rapidly solidified Al–5Cr–2Zr,Al–6·43Cr–1·67Zr,and Al–4Cr–1Fe extrudates

Abstract

Rapidly solidified Al–5Cr–2Zr, Al–6·43Cr–1·67Zr, and Al–4Cr–1Fe alloy powders were processed using cold compaction and hot extrusion. It was found that the iron containing alloy was more easily extruded than the zirconium containing alloys, and this was attributed to phase transformations occurring during deformation of the latter. By obtaining extrudates in the form of rectangular bars, mechanical properties could be studied for both the transverse and the longitudinal directions. Compared with the longitudinal direction, no significant decrease of strength was detected in the transverse direction for any of the alloys, whereas significant decreases of ductility were recorded, especially for Al–6·43Cr–1·67Zr alloy. Fracture was observed to occur along primary powder particle boundaries. The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties was also investigated. Compared with the addition of iron, it was found that additions of zirconium are more beneficial in that they promote formation of fine intermetallic phases. In addition, between the Al–Cr–Zr alloys, a reduction of chromium content yields a more homogenous and fine microstructure, which combined with the beneficial effects of increased additions of zirconium results in superior properties.

MST/1118     

ZrO2 (Y2O3) 增韧的氮化硅烧结体的性能及相关系

在高温(1400℃) 超高压(4. 2GPa) 下制备Y₂O₃ 部分稳定的ZrO₂ 增韧的氮化硅烧结体, 通过XRD 及机械性能测试等方法分析ZrO₂ 的相结构, 研究氮化硅烧结体的增韧机理。结果表明, 烧结体中加入少量的铝粉, 可提高t2ZrO₂ 的相变能力, 达到利用部分稳定的ZrO₂ 增韧氮化硅烧结体的目的。稳定剂Y₂O₃ 在ZrO₂ 中含量小于2. 5mol% 时, t→m 相变量及断裂韧性随Y₂O₃ 含量增加而逐渐提高, 韧性提高来源于相变增韧和微裂纹增韧; Y₂O₃含量大于2. 5mol% 时, t 相接近100% , 韧性主要来源于相变增韧, 增韧效果随Y₂O₃ 含量增加而逐渐减弱。Y₂O₃ 作为良好的烧结助剂, 促进氮化硅烧结体在超高压下致密化, 烧结体的硬度随Y₂O₃ 含量增加逐渐提高。      

Evolution of the microstructure and properties of laser-clad FeCrNiCoBx high-entropy alloy coatings

FeCrNiCoB_x high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding, and the effects of boron addition on the microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of the coatings were studied. Results showed that the coatings comprised a simple FCC solid solution with boride precipitation. When 0.5?≤?x?≤?1.0, (Cr, Fe)₂B with an orthorhombic structure was found in the coatings, and the hardness and corrosion resistance of the coatings were enhanced by increasing boron content. As x approached 1.25, the borides changed from orthorhombic (Cr, Fe)₂B to tetragonal (Fe, Cr)₂B, which deteriorated the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Stacking faults found in (Cr, Fe)₂B may be caused by the phase transformation of borides.     

Mechanical properties and cyto-toxicity of new beta type titanium alloy with low melting points for dental applications

Beta stabilized new alloys such as Ti–29Nb–13Zr–2Cr, Ti–29Nb–15Zr–1.5Fe, Ti–29Nb–10Zr–0.5Si, Ti–29Nb–10Zr–0.5Cr–0.5Fe and Ti–29Nb–18Zr–2Cr–0.5Si have been developed for dental applications. These alloys were designed based on master alloy Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr (TNTZ) for biomedical applications. In this research, high melting temperature element Ta was replaced with beta stabilizing elements such as Cr, Fe and Si to lower the melting temperature of the alloy.Their melting points, mechanical properties, surface reaction layers and cyto-toxicity were investigated in this study.Melting points of designed alloys fall by about 50 K to 370 K as compared with that of TNTZ, and Ti–29Nb–13Zr–2Cr has the lowest melting point of around 2050 K. Vickers hardness of the surface of each designed alloy cast into modified magnesia based investment material is in the range of 400 Hv to 500 Hv, which is lower than that of TNTZ (around 560 Hv).Balances of strength and ductility of cast Ti–29Nb–13Zr–2Cr, Ti–29Nb–15Zr–1.5Fe and Ti–29Nb–10Zr–0.5Cr–0.5Fe are nearly equal to that of cast TNTZ.Cell viability of each cast designed alloy is excellent.     

Effect of high dilution on the in situ synthesis of Ni–Zr/Zr–Si(B,C) reinforced composite coating on zirconium alloy substrate by laser cladding

High dilution of transition metals was employed as a new idea for in situ synthesis of Ni–Zr/Zr–Si(B, C) reinforced composite coatings by high power diode laser (HPDL) cladding Ni–Cr–B–Si powders on zirconium substrate. Microstructure, phase composition, the mechanism of in situ synthesis reinforcement and the microhardness of coatings were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-sclerometer. The results reveal that the morphologies and phase constituents are related to the content of alloying elements in powders. In low alloy coatings, the matrix was mainly composed of intermetallic compounds including NiZr and Ni₁₀Zr₇, while the reinforcements consisted of Zr₅Si₄, β-ZiSi, α-ZrSi and ZrC. At the top of high alloy coatings, the matrix was partially comprised of Zr-based amorphous phase with the reinforcements containing ZrB₂. It is thermodynamically favorable for ZrB₂ ceramic reinforcement to form compared to ZrC phase. The microstructure evolution was dependent on the contribution of the high dilution zirconium alloy substrate to the in situ reinforcement synthesis. The microhardness of the coating showed clear improvement compared with zirconium alloy substrate, although high variability was also found.     

Understanding the solidification and microstructure evolution during CSC-MIG welding of Fe–Cr–B-based alloy

The present is a study of the solidification and microstructure of Fe–28.2%Cr–3.8%B–1.5%Si–1.5%Mn (wt.%) alloy deposited onto a 1020 plain carbon steel substrate using the controlled short-circuit metal inert gas welding process. The as-solidified alloy was a metal matrix composite with a hypereutectic microstructure. Thermodynamic calculation based on the Scheil–Gulliver model showed that a primary (Cr,Fe)₂B phase formed first during solidification, followed by an eutectic formation of the (Cr,Fe)₂B phase and a body-centered cubic Fe-based solid solution matrix, which contained Cr, Mn and Si. Microstructure analysis confirmed the formation of these phases and showed that the shape of the (Cr,Fe)₂B phase was irregular plate. As the welding heat input increased, the weld dilution increased and thus the volume fraction of the (Cr,Fe)₂B plates decreased while other microstructural characteristics were similar.