皮尔格轧机冷轧不锈钢管回弹预测模型的建立与验证

以皮尔格LG60轧机轧制304不锈钢管为例,研究皮尔格轧机冷轧不锈钢管回弹预测模型。首先通过单向拉伸试验及数据处理的方法得到材料的分段非线性本构方程;其次根据钢管轧制的塑性变形规律结合增量理论,得到变形过程中各应变分量的计算方法,并把钢管变形过程中的受力状态由三向应力状态转化为单向应力状态,利用材料的卸载定律建立冷轧钢管的回弹预测模型;最后通过大型有限元模拟软件DEFORM-3D进行完整轧制过程的3维有限元模拟仿真,并利用皮尔格轧机进行实际轧制试验验证来检验回弹预测模型的可靠性与正确性。结果表明,本模型精度较高,对皮尔格轧机孔型设计及实际生产中成品管尺寸精度控制有重要指导意义。     

三辊轧制镁合金薄壁管成形工艺及微观组织

为了制备高质量的镁合金薄壁管材,利用三辊轧管机研究了冷轧镁合金薄壁细管的成形工艺.分析了轧制时管材易出现开裂的原因,发现其与变形量和中间退火工艺有关.结果表明,当主变形的当量变形ε_H& lt; 0.2时,可以得到质量和性能都符合要求的管材; 当主变形的当量变形ε_H& gt; 0.3时,管材表面成形性较差,且易出现表面裂纹.退火温度为300 ℃,保温时间为90 min,然后再进行空冷的中间退火工艺可以实现晶粒细化,得到的平均晶粒尺寸约为9.8 μm,从而提高了管材进行进一步轧制的变形能力.     

热轧过程中压下量对AZ61镁合金组织与性能的影响

采用热轧工艺对AZ61变形镁合金板材进行轧制实验研究,探讨在350℃轧制温度下不同压下量对板材显微组织、力学性能和电化学腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,随着变形量的增加轧后镁合金晶粒逐渐细化,压下量为20%的晶粒明显被拉长,出现了较多的变形带,硬度值升高;40%压下量轧制过程中镁合金发生了再结晶,致使形变带消失、晶粒尺寸细化;压下量为60%时晶粒尺寸最细小,第二相颗粒弥散分布在基体中,材料获得了优异的力学性能和耐蚀性能。     

奥氏体晶粒尺寸对工艺参数的灵敏度方程及应用

为了便捷、准确地确定工艺参数对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响规律,考虑热加工工艺参数间的耦合关系,基于Hodgson再结晶模型建立奥氏体晶粒尺寸对工艺参数的灵敏度方程,探讨工艺参数对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响.研究表明:在单道次热加工过程中,变形速率、变形量、间隙时间、初始晶粒尺寸、间隙温度和变形温度灵敏度依次降低,工艺参数在不同的工艺过程中灵敏度不同;在多道次热加工过程中,工艺参数的灵敏度还与工艺参数所在道次和总道次数有关.H型钢开坯过程灵敏度分析结果表明,温度和后两个道次间隙时间是奥氏体晶粒尺寸的关键影响因素;降低温度并缩短间隙时间可以将H型钢开坯后的奥氏体晶粒尺寸减小26.2%.     

多道次轧制过程中超细晶粒控制

在高强度水平的基础上获得较高的韧性,控制热加工工艺实现晶粒尺寸超细化是最佳的途径之一。低碳管线钢的超细铁索体晶粒可以从相变前的超细奥氏体晶粒获得。通过优化轧制工艺使得奥氏体的动态再结晶发生在Z（Zeller-Hollomon）参数较大的工艺条件下,获得超细的奥氏体动态再结晶晶粒尺寸。然而,大的Z参数往往具有较大的动态再结晶临界应变。为了获得足够的应变积累来克服动态再结晶的临界应变,低温大变形量的变形是基本条件。提出了在多道次轧制过程中积累应变的条件以及避免混晶的技术路线,利用提出的模型对工业轧制工艺进行优化,模拟实验的结果得到了最终产品晶粒尺寸为1.5μm。     

非对称轧制力能参数与带钢张应力分布规律

为深入了解带钢轧制过程中非对称因素对轧制力能参数与带钢张应力分布的影响,应用ABAQUS非线性有限元软件对轧制过程进行二维建模及仿真分析,以轧辊驱动方式非对称、上下工作辊与带钢间接触摩擦润滑条件非对称以及存在异步轧制等3种非对称因素作为研究对象,计算并分析上述非对称因素及其程度对于轧后带钢内部张应力分布、轧制力以及轧制扭矩的影响规律,进而定量分析与比较3种非对称轧制因素对于轧制过程中的力能参数和厚向张应力分布规律的影响程度. 仿真计算表明：3种非对称轧制状态都会导致轧后带钢厚向张应力分布的不对称;3种非对称轧制状态都会明显改变轧制过程力能参数大小;与相应对称轧制状态相比,有些非对称因素可以不同程度地降低轧制力和轧制扭矩. 轧制过程中的非对称因素从不同的角度来分析,是利弊共存的.     

TC4合金等径角挤压三维热力耦合有限元分析

采用刚粘塑性热力耦合有限元法对TC4合金等径角挤压过程进行分析研究,获得了材料在变形过程中应力、应变及温度等场量的分布规律.模拟结果表明:变形温度和摩擦状况等工艺参数对变形过程均存在显著影响;热力耦合技术的运用,可以更加全面、准确地分析等径角挤压变形过程,从而可为实际实验中获得良好晶粒细化效果,选择合理工艺参数提供可靠依据.     

带钢冷轧过程轧辊热变形参数的智能优化

针对在带钢冷轧过程中辊系热变形问题,建立了轧辊温度场与热变形的仿真模型。为了提高模型精度,依据热像仪实拍的辊面温度场信息、轧制过程数据分析得到的轧辊热膨胀信息,对关键参数采用遗传算法进行了优化。优化后的仿真结果与现场信息基本一致,提高了仿真精度,为轧辊热变形的准确预报打下了基础。     

AZ31B镁合金板材冷轧成形应力应变响应的数值模拟

为了研究AZ31B型镁合金板材在室温轧制成形过程中应力应变响应规律,采用Johnson-cook本构关系对AZ31B镁合金板材在不同轧制工艺下的单道次冷轧成形进行数值模拟.分别在压下量为2%、5%、8%,应变速率分别为0.1 s~(-1)、1.0 s~(-1)、10.0 s~(-1)的条件下,开展了不同压下量及不同应变速率组合对轧件应力应变响应的模拟研究.模拟结果表明,在压下量为5%,应变速率为10.0 s~(-1)时,AZ31B镁合金板材变形过程中的局部最高应力为267.100 MPa,低于材料极限应力282.900 MPa.局部最高应变为4.454×10~(-2),低于宏观断裂应变0.2.相比其他工艺条件,此条件是较为合理的冷轧工艺.     

板带冷轧过程三维弹塑性有限元模拟

在总结以往板带冷轧有限元分析的基础上,综合考虑了轧辊和轧件的接触与耦合变形问题,采用改进的离散化方法,建立了四辊三维弹塑性板带冷轧计算模型.利用所建立的模型对带钢轧制过程轧件的残余应力、变形以及张力对板凸度和压下量的影响进行了模拟分析,模拟结果与实验结果的比较证明所建立的模型是正确的.研究方法与结果为有限元技术在板带冷轧研究方面的应用提供了一条有效途径.     

Grain refining of flange plate for welded H section steel made under asynchronous rolling condition

Asynchronous rolling technology was adopted for the accumulated ten passes cold rolling, flange plate steel, and for welded H section steel, respectively. The metallographic microstructure analysis, tensile test and annealing test were carried out for cold rolled pieces; thus the ratio of length to width of grain, tensile strength, relationship between the grain size and asynchronous rolling process parameters after annealing can be obtained. The experimental results show that the relationship between the asynchronous rolling and the shearing deformation of rolled pieces can make a reasonable interpretation of the mechanism that asynchronous rolling may improve the strain accumulated energy of rolled pieces and the strength of flange plate steel. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the application of asynchronous rolling in improving the strength of flange plate steel.     

Q450冷弯成型角钢有限元数值模拟

采用非线性有限元法对冷弯成型过程中角钢各部位的应力、应变分布情况进行分析,并揭示了角钢在成型过程中金属的变形规律。结果表明,有限元模拟得出的板材应力、应变分布规律与实际情况相符舍,冷弯回弹模拟结果与实测回弹值存在一定的误差,模拟结果中回弹角随着成型角增加时的变化规律与实测结果一致。采用非线性有限元法对冷弯成型过程进行数值模拟是可行的。     

轧制及退火工艺对301B不锈弹簧钢力学性能影响分析

针对高硬不锈钢用作弹簧时弹性不足、疲劳寿命短等问题,本文结合现场实际生产,以301B奥氏体不锈钢带为研究对象,通过轧制工艺和热处理工艺优化,对其进行了拉伸试验和硬度测试。结果表明,增加变形率,采用低轧制油温度和低轧制速度的轧制工艺,并在冷轧后进行一次400℃低温去应力退火,可以提高带材强度和硬度。同时也说明,适当的轧制工艺和热处理工艺可以改善不锈弹簧钢带的力学性能,从而提高弹簧的弹性极限和疲劳极限。     

宽厚复合板热轧成形轧制力模型

为了有效提高宽厚复合板热轧成形质量,以不锈钢与低合金钢层状复合结构材料为研究对象,针对宽厚复合板结构复合及加工协同变形的技术要求,制定宽厚复合板热轧成形工艺路线,并对热轧宽厚不锈钢复合板成形轧制力模型进行研究.将热轧复合变形区分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个区段,并依据热轧过程中轧制区间内金属流动变形规律,确定各界面上摩擦切应力τ的方向,进而推导出热轧不锈钢复合板成形轧制力计算公式.研究结果表明:该轧制力模型可准确预测轧制力的大小,有效提高轧制力的计算精度.经轧制成形制造的不锈钢复合板满足设计技术要求,制定工艺路线合理,可用以指导生产实践.     

Optimization of RPC technique for refining the intermediate transformation microstructure

The influence of processing parameters of relaxation-precipitation-controlling phase transformation(RPC) technique,finish rolling temperature,reduction ration and relaxing time on the microstructure was studied by thermo-simulation for a low carbon Nb and Ti containing micro-alloyed steel.The microstructure was investigated by optical microscope,transmission electron microscope and electron back scatter diffraction(EBSD).The statistical results of the packet size were calculated.It shows that,after PRC procesas,the steel is a composite microstructure of bainite and matensite.The best thermo-simulation process for refinement in this experiment is deformation for 30% at 850℃,and then relaxing at this temperature for 60s to 200s,Increasing the reduction ratio from 30%to 60% or decreasing the deformation temperature to 800℃ would cause the best relaxation time to become shorter,increasing the deformation temperature to 900℃ would cause the refinement effect to be weak.     

Z字钢在蝶式孔型中金属流动的数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS／LS-DYNA，对310Z字钢在蝶式孔中的四道次成形过程进行了模拟，详细介绍了有限元模型的建立，材料模型的选择，单元的选择以及网格的划分，得到了各道次轧件的模拟变形结果，对轧件的变形和轧制区内应力场的分布进行了深入的分析，为轧制异型断面型钢的显式动力学有限元模拟提供了参考．     

FEM Analysis of Force Parameters During Hot Extrusion Expanding and Reducing Tube Process

In this paper,based on the plastic forming large deformation theory and thermodynamic elastic-plastic FEM,the process of expanding and reducing tube was analyzed by using nonlinear finite element software MARC.The coupled thermal-me- chanical models for the thermal-extrusion tube process were established,and the dynamic simulation to them was carried out.By the study on 3 D deformation regulation of the thermal-extrusion tube,the distribution of stress,strain and the curves between the force of extrusion and the distance were obtained.As a result,with only a small quantity of necessary experiments,the select of the schemes and parameters can conveniently be performed in the computers.So,not only large numbers of experiments can be avoided, but also trial-manufacture period is consumedly shortened and some costs may be saved.In addition,in order to validate our nu- merical calculation,an experiment of the tube made of 20 steel is presented in this paper.Good agreement is shown between mea- sured and predicted results of the theoretical analysis model.The study provides a scientific basis for parametric optimizations of the thermal extrusion expanding and reducing tube production equipment.At the same time,the method used in the present paper has important referential value for studying the similar thermal extrusion parts.     

薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产的低碳钢冷轧基板力学特性

以采用薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产的低碳钢作为冷轧基板,在实验室二辊可逆轧机上进行不同程度的冷变形,对不同变形后的冷轧板进行室温拉伸试验和显微硬度值测定,分析了其加工硬化情况,并对不同冷变形后试验钢的显微组织进行分析。结果表明:低碳钢经冷变形后,屈服强度和抗拉强度增大,加工硬化显著;试验钢的显微组织为铁素体和少量的珠光体,晶粒随着变形量的增大而拉长细化。     

Static and dynamic finite element analysis of 304 stainless steel rod and wire hot continuous rolling process

Three-dimensional finite element models were developed to analyze 304 stainless steel rod and wire hot continuous rolling process with the help of MSC.Marc software. The entire 30-pass deformation process and the actual parameters of production line were taken into account. Static and dynamic procedures were used to study the continuous rolling process with the aid of the thermo-mechanical coupled FEM of elastic-plasticity. The properties of billets, such as deformation, temperature field and rolling force, were mainly discussed. The simulation results of temperature agree well with the measured values. Comparisons of the analysis results obtained using static implicit method and dynamic implicit method were presented. It is shown that static implicit procedure is more accurate than dynamic implicit procedure and is able to simulate the rolling process with a lower speed, such as a roughing mill. Whereas, dynamic analysis shows a higher efficiency than static analysis and is fit for simulating the rolling process with a higher speed, such as a finishing mill.     

连续辊弯成形过程模拟研究

以现场典型产品为研究对象,模拟板带连续冷弯成形过程,基于有限元分析软件,开发冷弯成形过程仿真软件。ANSYS-LSDYNA显式动力学非线性模拟结果表明,冷弯成形过程第一部分型钢等效应力模拟平均值与实验值吻合,弯角变形区塑性等效应变随道次变化情况模拟结果表明,中间道次变形分配欠均匀,辊花工艺尚需优化。