ZnO纳米晶的合成、掺杂及发光性能研究

以Zn(NO_3)_2、(NH_4)_2CO_3与Y(NO_3)_3为初始原料,采用水热法制备了棒状和枝状ZnO及掺杂Y的ZnO纳米晶.采用XRD、Raman、FESEM 、EDAX和PL方法对合成产物形貌与发光性能进行表征.XRD与Raman的研究结果表明,合成的棒状和枝状ZnO纳米晶为六方纤锌矿单晶;XRD与FESEM的测试结果表明,pH值对水热产物的晶相及形貌有重要的影响;XRD结合EDAX的分析结果表明,热处理后的水热产物中Y元素掺入了ZnO基体;ZnO及ZnO-Y_2O_3的纳米晶PL谱的结果表明,产物的发光性能与制备方式有关,与此同时,ZnO-Y_2O_3纳米晶的本征发光峰发生红移,其结果与Y元素与ZnO之间的能量传递有关.     

Cu-Co共掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体的水热法制备与性能

采用水热法了制备不同掺杂比例的Zn0.95Cu0.05-xCoxO(x=0,0.025,0.05)稀磁半导体材料。X射线衍射(XRD)表明所有样品具有结晶良好的纤锌矿结构,随着Co掺杂量的增加点阵常数有所增大。高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)发现所有样品形貌为纳米棒状结构,分散性良好。X射线能量色散分析仪(EDS)测试结果说明样品中Cu2+、Co2+是以替代的形式进入ZnO晶格中。光致发光光谱(PL)研究发现在所有样品中都存在较强的紫外发光峰、蓝光发光峰和绿光发光峰,而且峰位发生蓝移。振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究结果表明掺杂样品在室温条件下存在具有铁磁性。     

燃烧法制备Y2Zr2O7:Tb3+纳米晶及其发光性质研究

以甘氨酸作燃烧剂采用燃烧法制备Y_2Zr_2O_7:Tb~(3+)纳米晶粉末.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和荧光分光光度计对Y_2Zr_2O_7:Tb~(3+)纳米晶的相结构、形貌和发光性质进行研究.结果表明:所得到的纳米晶粒度均匀、结晶完好,属于立方萤石结构.发光光谱的测试表明:Tb~(3+)呈现其特征绿色发射,最强峰位于542 nm处.Tb~(3+)的掺杂摩尔浓度在0.5%～6%的范围内,3%为最佳掺杂浓度.     

溶剂热法制备Co、Ni共掺杂ZnO纳米棒及其性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备Co、Ni共掺杂ZnO的纳米材料。样品的XRD图谱表明,不同浓度的掺杂都没有改变ZnO的晶体结构,样品均为六方纤锌矿结构;XPS结果揭示了钴和镍均以+2价离子形式存在,进一步证明了Co2+、Ni2+是以替代部分Zn2+的形式存在于晶格中;高分辨图像显示,所得样品为纳米棒结构,纳米棒长度约150 nm,直径约15 nm;mapping图像及EDS显示出Co2+、Ni2+已经掺杂成功而且在纳米棒中均匀分布;PL测试表明,Co2+、Ni2+的掺杂导致锌空位浓度的变化,从而使得紫外发光峰右移。     

沉积温度对ZnO薄膜结构及发光性能的影响

利用Nd-YAG激光器(波长为1064nm,频率为10Hz)做光源,采用纯金属锌靶,以Si(111)为基体在有氧的气氛中通过激光烧蚀锌靶表面来制备氧化锌薄膜,研究基体温度对ZnO薄膜结构及发光性能的影响.通过XRD和AFM原子力显微镜来表征氧化锌薄膜的结构和表面形貌,其光学性质由光致发光谱来表征.结果表明:在450-550 ℃的条件下沉积的ZnO薄膜具有c-轴择优取向,500℃时c-轴取向最明显.具有c-轴取向的ZnO薄膜具有强的紫外光发射和弱的绿光发射,发光中心在518nm处的黄绿光发射主要归因于电子从导带底部到氧位错缺陷OZn能级之间的跃迁.     

Growth of ZnO Nanostructures on Metal-Filled Porous Silicons

在多孔Si上使用不同催化剂成功生长ZnO纳米结构。结果表明,Au作催化剂在Si衬底上得到末端呈六角形的ZnO纳米棒,Cu作催化剂在Si(100)和(111)分别上生长出带状和棒状纳米ZnO,Zn作催化剂在Si衬底上则获得ZnO纳米线。Zn催化制备的ZnO纳米线晶面间距为0.283nm,生长方向是[0110],具有结晶较好的六角纤锌矿晶体结构。比较了不同催化剂制备ZnO的光学性能,发现得到Zn催化制备的ZnO纳米线缺陷绿光峰最弱,因此Zn催化生长制备的纳米ZnO结构质量较好。空气中退火后,3种催化剂生长的纳米ZnO的缺陷发光峰位置不变,而强度变弱。     

Ag作催化剂制备的SiC纳米材料的形貌及其发光性能

用化学气相沉积法(CVD)通过碳热还原反应在Si(100)衬底上以Ag纳米颗粒为催化剂制备了糖葫芦状的SiC纳米棒。硅源为溶胶凝胶制备的SiO_2,碳源为炭粉。采用X射线分析衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)、荧光光谱(PL)对产物的组成、形貌、微观结构等进行了表征。结果表明,SiC纳米棒都其有周期性的凹凸,形状貌似糖葫芦状,长度范围为300~600 nm,而直径为30~50 nm。纳米结构生长机制为VLS生长模式,其中Ag催化剂对其形貌起到至关重要的影响。室温下SiC纳米棒的PL发光峰与块体SiC的发光特征峰相比有蓝移。     

ZnO、ZnO/ZnS和ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料的光致发光行为及可见光催化活性（英文）

为了获得用于染料甲基橙(MEO)降解的高效、经济、易得的光催化剂,采用简单的化学合成法在水溶液介质中制备ZnO、ZnO/ZnS和ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和BET技术测定合成材料的物相、结晶度、表面结构和表面行为。X射线衍射结果表明,ZnO、ZnO/ZnS和ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe2O3纳米材料结晶良好。根据XRD谱中各峰的强度,确定纳米复合材料的组成。BET分析表明,所制备的材料具有介孔行为、Ⅳ型(吸附脱附)曲线和H4型迟滞现象。3种材料中,ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe_2O_3复合材料的比表面积最大。利用紫外-可见光谱分析,测定材料的带隙能,光致发光光谱(PL)则用来确定材料的发射行为和表面缺陷。在PL光谱中,ZnO/ZnS的紫外峰强度比ZnO的低,且ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe_2O_3的紫外峰强度更低。与ZnO相比,ZnO/ZnS的可见发射光谱强度增大,且ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe_2O_3的可见发射光谱强度比ZnO/ZnS的更大。所合成的材料被用作染料甲基橙降解的光催化剂。光降解数据表明,3种染料甲基橙降解的光催化剂中ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe_2O_3是最佳的。紫外光发射峰强度的降低和可见光发射强度的增大导致电子和空穴复合减少,因而使得ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe_2O_3具有最高的光催化活性。     

垂直生长于锌基底的Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒阵列显著室温铁磁性能

通过简单的水热合成法在锌片基底上一步制备了Co掺杂的ZnO纳米棒阵列。纳米棒在基底上均匀分布,取向一致,垂直于基底大面积生长。样品结构均为六方纤锌矿结构,具有高结晶质量,不含其它杂相。随着Co掺杂浓度的增加,紫外发射峰强度逐渐下降,近带隙发射峰的半峰宽也较纯ZnO变宽。拉曼光谱显示Co的掺杂使纳米棒出现了氧空位和锌填隙本征缺陷。随着Co浓度的增加这些缺陷也随之增加。掺杂纳米棒阵列的磁滞回线表明样品具有明显的铁磁特征,并有较大的矫顽力Hc~660 Oe。这种ZnO基稀磁半导体纳米棒阵列是一种在自旋电子器件中具有应用潜力的纳米材料。     

不同锌源对ZnGa_2O_4发光性能的影响

采用不同锌源(氧化锌及碱式碳酸锌)利用高温固相法在相同烧结温度下制备了ZnGa_2O_4。通过XRD、激发光谱、发射光谱、余辉发射光谱、余辉衰减曲线等实验手段对不同锌源生成的ZnGa_2O_4样品进行表征。实验结果表明,不同锌源的ZnGa_2O_4荧光性质不同。以氧化锌为锌源制备的ZnGa_2O_4,其发射峰由3个峰组成,峰值分别位于362,504和700 nm。而以碱式碳酸锌为锌源制备的ZnGa_2O_4其发射峰由2个峰组成,峰值分别位于504,700 nm。其发射峰不同是由于不同锌源的挥发性不同,氧化锌挥发性大于碱式碳酸锌,因此,由氧化锌为锌源制备的ZnGa_2O_4中含有大量的Zn空位及氧空位。而碱式碳酸锌制备的ZnGa_2O_4空位相对少。当Ga3+占据Zn空位形成八面体扭曲程度不同,d轨道劈裂不同,因而造成ZnGa_2O_4荧光性质不同。不同锌源制备的ZnGa_2O_4余辉发射光谱相同,但余辉亮度及衰减时间却存在很大差异。其原因也是由于不同锌源挥发性不同,造成陷阱深度及浓度不同,从而导致余辉性能差别较大。     

Comparative study of ZnO nanostructures grown on silicon (1 0 0) and oxidized porous silicon substrates with and without Au catalyst by chemical vapor transport and condensation

ZnO tetrapods and rods were grown on silicon and thermally oxidized porous silicon substrates with and without Au catalyst layer by carbothermal reduction of ZnO powder through chemical vapor transport and condensation method (CVTC). Porous silicon was fabricated by electrochemical etching of silicon in HF solution. The effect of substrates on morphology, structure and photoluminescence spectra of ZnO nanostructures has been studied. The texture coefficient (TC) of each sample was calculated from XRD data that demonstrated random orientation of ZnO nanostructures on the oxidized porous silicon substrate. Moreover, TC indicates the effect of Au catalyst layer on formation of more highly oriented ZnO nanorods. The morphology of the samples was investigated by SEM which confirms formation of ZnO nanostructures on oxidized porous silicon substrates with and without catalyst. A blue-green emission has been observed in ZnO nanostructures grown on Si and the oxidized PS substrates without Au catalyst layer by PL measurements.     

Absorption-emission study of hydrothermally grown Al:ZnO nanostructures

The preparation, structural characterization and optical properties of aluminum doped ZnO (Al:ZnO) nanostructures grown under hydrothermal method are reported. One-dimensional (1-D) growth is achieved by the controlled addition of metal nitrate as precursors in the presence of long chain surfactant, poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) at 160 °C for 20 h. The as-synthesized ZnO rods are single crystalline, exhibiting an oriented growth along [001] direction. The Al6 rod has an aspect ratio of 3.2, which can be effectively applied in optoelectronic devices. Comprehensive structural analysis using X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) indicate that the dopant Al atom occupies Zn sites in ZnO and the elemental composition of Al is consistent with the amount utilized in the hydrothermal synthesis. XRD shows that the Al:ZnO nanostructures from 1 to 9 atomic percent (at.%) has hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. The Al dopant effects on lattice vibration and electronic transitions of the ZnO nanostructures have been investigated by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) emission recorded at room temperature. The correlation existing between absorption and emission study tell that their characteristic band edge peak of doped ZnO shifts towards higher wavelength side for 3-9 at.% with respect to Al0 thus, exhibiting a red shift phenomenon with decrease in optical bandgap. The observed PL reveals two emission peaks centered at 374 nm and 530 nm. The near band edge (NBE) to defect emission ratio increases with dopant concentration indicating the linear enhancement in crystal quality and declination in zinc vacancies from 3 to 9 at.% of Al.     

A comparison of transmittance properties between ZnO∶Al films for transparent conductors for solar cells deposited by sputtering of AZO and cosputtering of AZO/ZnO

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited on sapphire (002) andglass substrates by two different sputtering techniques radio frequency magnetron cosputtering of AZO and ZnO targets and sputtering of an AZO target. The dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) and transmittance properties of the AZO films deposited by cosputtering and sputtering on the AZO/ZnO target power ratio, R and the O2/Ar flow ratio, r were investigated, respectively. Only a deep level emission peak appears in the PL spectra of cosputtered AZO films whereas both UV emission and deep level emission peaks are observed in the PL spectra of sputtered AZO films. The absorption edges in the transmittance spectra of the AZO films shift to the lower wavelength region as R and r increase. Effects ofcrystallinity, surface roughness, PL on the transmittance of the AZO films werealso explained using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and PL analysis results.     

ZnO nanocoral reef grown on porous silicon substrates without catalyst

Porous silicon (PS) technology is utilized to grow coral reef-like ZnO nanostructures on the surface of Si substrates with rough morphology. Flower-like aligned ZnO nanorods are also fabricated directly onto the silicon substrates through zinc powder evaporation using a simple thermal evaporation method without a catalyst for comparison. The characteristics of these nanostructures are investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, grazing-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) measurements of structures grown on both Si and porous Si substrates. The texture coefficient obtained from the XRD spectra indicates that the coral reef-like nanostructures are highly oriented on the porous silicon substrate with decreasing nanorods length and diameter from 800-900 nm to 3.5-5.5 μm and from 217-229 nm to 0.6-0.7 μm, respectively. The PL spectra show that for ZnO nanocoral reefs the UV emission shifts slightly towards lower frequency and the intensity increase with the improvement of ZnO crystallization. This non-catalyst growth technique on the rough surface of substrates may have potential applications in the fabrication of nanoelectronic and nanooptical devices.     

Synthesis and characteristics of large-scale ZnO rods by wet chemical method

The large-scale ZnO rods of submicrometer were prepared on the bare glass using a wet chemical method under different experimental parameters, such as the reactant concentration and the growth time. The microstructure of the ZnO rods was characterized by X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）, and the optical property was investigated by the room-temperature photoluminescence （PL） spectra. XRD and FESEM results show that the wurtzite structure and rod-like ZnO is obtained. The length （3-8 μm） and the diameter （400 nm- 3 μm） vary with the experimental parameters. A strong UV emission at 384 nm and a weak visible yellow-green emission around 570 nm are observed in the PL spectrum. After annealing at 600 ℃ in air, the UV peak intensity increases obviously and the yellow-green peak intensity decreases greatly. The near-band-edge UV emission is attributed to the exciton recombination; the yellow-green emission can be associated with the defect recombination; and some defect complexes may be responsible for the latter emission.     

Synthesis and optical properties of CuO nanostructures obtained via a novel thermal decomposition method

We report a novel method that allows the synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures and control their morphology and size by rapid thermal decomposition of copper nitrate (CuN₂O₆) under ambient conditions. The size and morphology of the nanostructures can be controlled by changing the temperature and the duration of the decomposition process. The structure of the products was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the morphology of the nanostructures changed as the temperature was varied and their size increased with increasing the treatment time. The optical properties of the samples were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and a photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. Rice-like nanostructures were observed and analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)/EDS and XRD which confirmed that the as-synthesized powders correspond to pure CuO.     

单晶ZnO六棱锥的PEG400辅助热分解合成及其光致发光性能(英文)

将由Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O和Na2CO3通过室温研磨反应获得的前驱体在PEG400存在下于240°C热分解获得大量的ZnO六棱锥产物。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)表征产物的晶体结构和形貌。进一步的实验结果表明:PEG400在ZnO六棱锥形成过程中发挥着重要作用,单六棱锥和双六棱锥的结构差异来自于热分解反应。光致发光谱(PL)测试表明:ZnO六棱锥在386nm处展示强的近带隙发射,在550nm处展示较弱的绿光发射。435cm-1处的拉曼振动表明ZnO六棱锥具有良好的晶体质量。     

Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by polymer assisted deposition method

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are synthesized onto glass substrates by employing simple and low cost solution based modified polymer assisted deposition (PAD) method. Trionx100 is used as a capping agent and zinc acetate as the zinc source. TritonX100 concentration is varied from 0.02 to 0.45 M for the synthesis of pure ZnO NPs. TG-DTA analysis was employed to determine the decomposition temperature of TritonX100 and zinc acetate, which lead to the formation of ZnO. The films were further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and room temperature photoluminescence (PL). The results indicate that the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) exhibits the room temperature PL with two emission peaks, one corresponding to ZnO band edge emission and the other one to point defect states created due to oxygen deficiency. The first peak undergoes blue-shift due to change in NPs size while there is no shift in the second peak. Nevertheless, with increase in TritonX100 concentration the peak intensity of defect peak decreases, indicating that the highly pure NPs have been successfully synthesized by PAD method.     

Nanosphericals and nanobundles of ZnO: Synthesis and characterization

ZnO nanosphericals and nanobundles well dispersion have been synthesized using [(N,N′-bis(salicylaldehydo)ethylenediamine)zinc(II)]; [Zn(salen)] as precursor via two methods. Nanosphericals of ZnO has been prepared via thermal decomposition of [Zn(salen)] in the presence of oleylamine at 290 °C for 90 min. Also nanobundle of ZnO has been synthesized via thermolysis of [Zn(salen)] in the air at 500 °C for 5 h. The as-synthesized products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of both nanostructures are dominated by the green emission attributed to the oxygen vacancy (V_O) related donor-acceptor transition. Presence of several infrared (IR) inactive vibrational modes in the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectra of the samples indicates a breakdown of translational symmetry in the nanostructures induced by native defects.     

Oriented growth of ZnO nanostructures on different substrates via a hydrothermal method

Well-oriented ZnO nanorod arrays are successfully fabricated on different substrates. They are formed on different substrates at low temperature via a hydrothermal method, without adding any catalysts or templates. This approach is convenient and inexpensive. The morphologies of ZnO crystals could be controlled and transformed to other morphologies successfully by using different substrates. The effects of the substrates on the ZnO nanorod arrays have been systematically studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterizations of XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that these products are pure single-crystal and the structure is uniform. The photoluminescence property has been detected by photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and Raman spectrum. Photoluminescence measurements show that each spectrum consists of the ultraviolet (UV) band and a relative broad visible light emission peak. But substrates play roles in the intensity of ultraviolet and visible light emission peak. The green emission in Raman measurement may be related to the surface states.