强制对流作用下多枝晶生长的相场法研究

采用耦合溶质场、温度场和流场的相场模型,对Ni-Cu合金凝固过程中多枝晶生长进行模拟,研究了多枝晶生长形貌及温度场和溶质场分布.结果表明:熔体流动显著改变凝固前沿的传热和传质,从而影响枝晶生长.受过冷熔体冲刷,枝晶逆流侧前沿溶质浓度和温度低,枝晶臂尖端生长迅速;枝晶顺流侧前沿溶质浓度和温度高,枝晶臂尖端生长缓慢.在熔体...     

基于LBM-CA模型的自然对流下液氢中固空枝晶生长模拟

固空沉积是液氢系统的安全隐患之一,为探究自然对流作用下固空颗粒在液氢系统中的形成过程,建立LBM-CA(格子玻尔兹曼一元胞自动机方法)耦合模型模拟空气(氮氧混合物)在液氢中的凝固过程.模拟探究了自然对流作用对固空晶体生长的影响,模拟结果表明:自然对流使固空枝晶不再表现为纯扩散条件下的对称生长,迎流侧枝晶生长受到促进,下...     

溶质对流对SCN-5%ETH模拟合金垂直向上生长的影响

采用实时观测装置和定向凝固系统研究了SCN-5%ETH(succinonitrile-wt%ethanol,wt%表示质量分数)模拟合金的垂直向上生长过程。实验结果与水平定向生长的SCN-5%ETH模拟合金的胞晶组织,枝晶组织以及枝晶间距比较发现,胞晶垂直向上生长引起的溶质对流减小了胞晶的尖端半径,使胞晶组织呈现尖端尖细的形态;枝晶垂直向上生长时,二次枝晶臂生长速度减小,枝晶一次间距和二次臂长度也减小,并且减小幅度随着界面推移速度的增大而减小,枝晶二次间距和水平定向生长时相比有较小幅度的增大。     

基于LBM-CA的六角冰晶非平衡生长模拟研究北大核心CSCD

为了研究六角冰晶生长的微观机理,进行了模拟计算,基于GPU加速,建立二维格子玻尔兹曼-元胞自动机(lattice Boltzmann method-cellular automaton,LBM-CA)模型,对六角冰晶微观演化过程进行模拟研究。模拟过程中采用CA模拟枝晶的生长,采用LBM模拟热传输现象,探究不同初始过冷度、温度梯度、冷却速率对冰晶生长速率、形貌、冰晶尺寸的影响。结果表明:在较小过冷度时,枝晶生长速率随过冷度增大而增大,与过冷度呈近似线性关系,模拟结果与LMK临界稳定性理论吻合;在一定的温度梯度下,正温度梯度方向的枝晶生长受抑制,负温度梯度方向生长受促进;冷却速率越大,冰晶的尺寸越大。     

溶质梯度系数对二元合金枝晶生长的影响

为了准确描述金属凝固过程中的微观特性,用相场法模拟流场下二元合金的枝晶形貌.结合C.W.Lan提出的耦合流场的相场模型,在溶质场中加入溶质梯度项,研究溶质梯度系数对合金非等温凝固过程中枝晶生长及溶质截留效应的影响.结果表明:随着溶质梯度系数的增大,上游尖端半径和尖端速率都逐渐增大,固相中的溶质浓度显著提高,溶质截留效应更加明显.另外,此模型的计算结果与Oseen-Ivantsov理论符合较好.     

Simulation of dendrite growth of Fe–C alloy using phase field method

采用相场法模拟了Fe--0.5%C合金等温凝固过程中单个枝晶和多个枝晶的生长, 研究了过冷度、各向异性、界面厚度、晶体取向以及扰动对枝晶形貌的影响, 获得了具有二次分枝的枝晶形貌, 再现了枝晶生长过程及枝晶臂之间的竞争生长. 模拟结果表明: 凝固过程中存在溶质富集和枝晶偏析, 枝晶主干溶质浓度最低, 枝晶臂之间的液相浓度最高. 随着过冷度的增大, 枝晶生长加快且分枝发达; 界面厚度直接影响枝晶的生长速度; 各向异性影响枝晶的形态; 晶体取向与坐标轴方向一致时枝晶优先生长;扰动的加入导致枝晶分枝的形成.     

用相场方法模拟Fe-C合金枝晶生长

采用相场法模拟了Fe-0.5%C合金等温凝固过程中单个枝晶和多个枝晶的生长,研究了过冷度、各向异性、界面厚度、晶体取向以及扰动对枝晶形貌的影响,获得了具有二次分枝的枝晶形貌,再现了枝晶生长过程及枝晶臂之间的竞争生长.模拟结果表明:凝固过程中存在溶质富集和枝晶偏析,枝晶主干溶质浓度最低,枝晶臂之间的液相浓度最高.随着过冷度的增大,枝晶生长加快且分枝发达;界面厚度直接影响枝晶的生长速度;各向异性影响枝晶的形态;晶体取向与坐标轴方向一致时枝晶优先生长;扰动的加入导致枝晶分枝的形成.     

高温合金定向凝固过程中枝晶生长与溶质对流数值模拟

目的 针对高温合金叶片在定向凝固过程中容易出现雀斑缺陷,从而导致叶片报废的问题,对定向凝固枝晶生长与溶质对流进行模拟研究,以揭示雀斑缺陷的形成规律。方法 针对CM247LC合金定向凝固过程,采用相场模型模拟凝固过程枝晶生长,采用格子Boltzmann模型模拟溶质浓度差引起的自然对流。采用基于双重网格的GPU并行算法对相场-格子Boltzmann模型进行数值求解。研究在不同晶体取向角度与取向差条件下的枝晶形貌、对流速度及溶质羽流的演变规律。结果 当晶体取向角度不同时,在枝晶生长过程中,液相区域的平均对流速度均表现为周期性变化。当晶体取向角度较大时,随着晶体取向角度的变大,一次枝晶臂间距变大。当枝晶间存在晶体取向差时,溶质羽流倾向于在发散型晶界附近发起;随着晶体取向差的增大,溶质羽流发起时间提前。溶质羽流的形成阻碍了枝晶尖端及附近枝晶侧臂的生长。结论 晶体取向角度对溶质羽流形成的影响较小,较大的晶体取向差对溶质羽流的形成有促进作用。     

Ti-6Al-4V三元合金焊接熔池凝固组织模拟

将二元合金元胞自动机模型与热力学相平衡求解软件相结合,提出了一种三元合金元胞自动机模型.对模型的稳定性进行了验证,模拟了Ti-6Al-4V三元合金焊接熔池凝固过程中枝晶的生长形貌、溶质浓度的分布以及扰动振幅对枝晶生长的影响,并进行了金相实验验证.结果表明,模型稳定性良好,能够实现三元合金焊接熔池凝固过程的数值模拟;熔池中枝晶择优生长显著,且存在晶界偏析现象;Al元素与V元素在液相中的浓度分布规律大致相同;随着扰动振幅的增大,熔池中的枝晶数量逐渐增加,枝晶臂间距减小,竞争生长进一步加强;模拟结果与实验结果基本吻合.     

边界热通量作用下枝晶生长相场模型的有限元法模拟

基于Beckermann和Karma枝晶生长相场模型,建立耦合溶质场、温度场的相场模型,采用有限元法对控制方程进行求解,研究凝固过程Al-3.0%(质量分数)Cu合金在边界热通量作用下的枝晶生长行为。结果表明,边界热通量作用能够显著改变凝固前沿的传热和传质,影响枝晶生长形貌。在边界抽热条件下,枝晶前沿温度降低,实际过冷度增大,从而促进二次枝晶生长发育,界面前沿溶质扩散层薄,枝晶微观偏析严重。而边界加热条件下,枝晶前沿温度升高,实际过冷度减小,抑制枝晶生长发育,界面前沿扩散层厚,枝晶微观偏析减弱。     

基于一种改进CA模型模拟双辊连续铸轧纯铝微观组织

基于枝晶生长的基本传输过程和元胞自动机(Cellular Automaton,简称CA)-有限元(Finite Element,简称FE)模型基本原理,建立了适应双辊连续铸轧纯铝薄带工艺特点的凝固过程形核和晶体生长的数学模型.模型耦合了宏观温度场和微观组织模拟计算,考虑了溶质扩散、曲率过冷和各向异性等重要因素的影响,定义了界面单元捕获规则,能够模拟凝固过程中枝晶生长的形态.应用本模型对双辊连续铸轧纯铝薄带凝固过程中等轴晶生长、等轴晶多晶粒生长及柱状晶生长、柱状晶向等轴晶演化进行模拟并与实验结果进行对比,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,验证了模型的正确性.     

Comparison of Cellular Automaton and Phase Field Models to Simulate Dendrite Growth in Hexagonal Crystals

A cellular automaton (CA)-finite element (FE) model and a phase field (PF)-FE model were used to simulate equiaxed dendritic growth during the solidification of hexagonal metals.In the CA-FE model,the conservation equations of mass and energy were solved in order to calculate the temperature field,solute concentration,and the dendritic growth morphology.CA-FE simulation results showed reasonable agreement with the previously reported experimental data on secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) vs cooling rate.In the PF model,a PF variable was used to distinguish solid and liquid phases similar to the conventional PF models for solidification of pure materials.Another PF variable was considered to determine the evolution of solute concentration.Validation of both models was performed by comparing the simulation results with the analytical model developed by Lipton-Glicksman-Kurz (LGK),showing quantitatively good agreement in the tip growth velocity at a given melt undercooling.Application to magnesium alloy AZ91 (approximated with the binary Mg-8.9 wt% Al) illustrates the difficulty of modeling dendrite growth in hexagonal systems using CA-FE regarding mesh-induced anisotropy and a better performance of PF-FE in modeling multiple arbitrarily-oriented dendrites growth.     

Modelling the Solidification Microstructure Formation of Cobalt Dendritic Alloys

In the present work a mathematical model has been developed to explain the microstructure characteristics obtained during the solidification process of dendritic cobalt alloys, under ordinary low cooling rate conditions. The model, taking into account physical aspects such as undercooling, cooling rate, solute diffusion, interfacial energy, and dendrite tip morphology, allowed results to explain the experimental microstructure changes observed when the processing conditions were varied. The mathematical model involved micro and macroscopic phenomena occurring during the solidification process of metallic alloys. The solutions of the governing equations were obtained applying a non-coupled scheme, which enables the possibility to simulate the solidification of complex geometry castings.     

深过冷DD3高温合金的两次细化机制

用复合熔盐净化与循环过热相结合的方法,获得了最大210K过冷度,研究了DD3高温合金过冷熔体凝固组织的演化规律,在所获得的过冷度范围内,凝固组织的形态发生两次晶粒细化,发生第一次细化的过冷度为30－70K,因枝晶熟化,重熔,高度发达的树枝晶转变为第一类粒状晶;发生第二次细化的过冷度超过153K,凝固组织因枝晶碎断和再结晶而志变为第二类粒状晶。     

Microstructure evolution in undercooled Co80Pd20 alloys

High undercooling has been achieved in Co₈₀Pd₂₀ melts by employing the method of molten glass denucleating combined with cyclic superheating, and the microstructure evolution with undercooling was systematically investigated. Within the achieved range of undercooling, 0–415 K, two kinds of grain refinements have been observed in the solidification microstructures. The three critical undercoolings are 72, 95, and 142 K, respectively. When undercooling is less than 72 K, the coarse dendritic morphology is formed, which is similar to the conventional as-cast microstructure. The first grain refinement occured in the range of undercooling, 72–95 K can be attributed to the breakup of dendrite-skeleton owing to remelting. When undercooling locates within 95–142 K, highly developed directional fine dendrite can be obtained because the severe solute trapping weakens the effect of solute diffusion during the dendrite growth. The second grain refinement occurred when undercooling exceeds the critical undercooling (∆T* = 142 K), the formation of fined equiaxed microstructure can be ascribed to the stress that originates from the extremely rapid solidification process, which resulted in the dendrite fragmentation finally.     

Modeling of a transition to diffusionless dendritic growth in rapid solidification of a binary alloy

Diffusionless growth of dendritic crystals results in microsegregation-free microstructures with an initial (nominal) chemical composition of solidifying systems. Normally, a transition from chemically partitioned growth to diffusionless solidification is accompanied by the morphological transition in crystal shape with the appearance of nonlinearity in the kinetic behavior of growing crystals. This phenomenon is discussed using a model of local non-equilibrium rapid solidification. Considering the transition from the solute diffusion-limited growth to purely thermally controlled growth of dendritic crystals, the model predicts the abrupt change of growth kinetics with the break points in the “dendrite tip velocity-undercooling” and “dendrite tip radius-undercooling” relationships. It is shown that the abrupt change of growth kinetics occurs with the ending of the transition to purely thermally controlled growth and the onset of diffusionless solidification. To predict the dendrite growth kinetics in a whole region of undercooling, numeric analysis shows that the model has to take into account both anisotropies of solid–liquid interfacial properties. These are anisotropy of surface energy and anisotropy of atomic kinetics of solidification.     

Phase-field simulation for the evolution of solid/liquid interface front in directional solidification process

In this study, the phase field method was used to study the multi-controlling factors of dendrite growth in directional solidification. The effects of temperature gradient, propelling velocity, thermal disturbance and growth orientation angle on the growth morphology of the dendritic growth in the solid/liquid interface were discussed. It is found that the redistribution of solute leads to multilevel cavity and multilevel fusion to form multistage solute segregation, and the increase of temperature gradient and propelling velocity can accelerate the dendrite growth of directional solidification, and also make the second dendrites more developed, which reduces the primary distance and the solute segregation. When the temperature gradient is large, the solid-liquid interface will move forward in a flat interface mode, and the thermal disturbance does not affect the steady state behavior of the directionally solidified dendrite tip. It only promotes the generation and growth of the second dendrites and forms the asymmetric dendrite. Meanwhile, it is found that the inclined dendrite is at a disadvantage in the competitive growth compared to the normal dendrite, and generally it will disappear. When the inclination angle is large, the initial primary dendrite may be eliminated by its secondary or third dendrite.