亚麻籽胶在斩拌型肉肠中的应用研究

本研究了亚麻籽胶在肉制品中的应用，通过研究发现亚麻籽胶可以改善肉肠的加工和食用性能，增强肉肠弹性，增强复水性，消除淀粉感。     

亚麻籽胶的胶凝性质

采用流变学法测定了亚麻籽胶溶液的胶凝点、熔化点，并采用质构仪、扫描电镜和原子力显微镜等手段研究了影响亚麻籽胶凝胶强度的因素，结果表明亚麻籽胶具有胶凝性，它能形成一种热可逆的冷致凝胶，亚麻籽胶溶液的胶凝点低于其凝胶的熔化点，且亚麻籽胶溶液的胶凝点及其凝胶的熔化点均随冷却的起始温度的升高而升高。亚麻籽胶浓度、溶解温度、pH、NaCl、CaCl2及复合磷酸盐能影响亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度，亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度随着浓度的增加及溶解温度的升高而增强；在pH6～9的范围内，亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度达到最大；NaCl和复合磷酸盐可以降低亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度，低浓度（〈0．3％）的CaCl2可以增强亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度，而高质量分数（〉0．3％）的CaCl2能降低亚麻籽胶的凝胶强度。     

亚麻籽胶的乳化性质

重点研究了亚麻籽胶的乳化性质，实验结果表明。亚麻籽胶的质量分数、溶解温度、乳化温度、加油量以度贮存温度等对亚麻籽胶的乳化性质都有影响。质量分数增加，亚麻籽胶的乳化稳定性增强；加油量增多。亚麻籽胶的乳化稳定性下降；溶解温度升高能提高亚麻籽胶的乳化稳定性；而乳化温度和贮存温度越高，亚麻籽胶乳状液越不稳定。由于亚麻籽胶与阿拉伯胶在相对分子质量、均方旋转半径、粘度、疏水性氨基酸含量上的差异，导致了亚麻籽胶与阿拉伯胶乳化性质的差异．     

亚麻籽胶-乳清蛋白改性物的制备及抗氧化性

利用亚麻籽胶对乳清蛋白进行糖基化改性，以接枝度为指标进行单因素及正交试验得到最佳反应pH,温度和时间，并对所得亚麻籽胶-乳清蛋白复合物进行扫描电镜、红外光谱、抗氧化性等测定。得到最佳制备条件为：pH 11、110℃、60 min。产物表面结构的变化、傅立叶变换红外光谱以及荧光分析证实了结合物的产生。抗氧化性测定结果显示，无论亚麻籽胶是否脱蛋白，其与乳清蛋白复合物的抗氧化能力均高于同等浓度下单一的亚麻籽胶和乳清蛋白，未脱蛋白亚麻籽胶所得复合物的抗氧化能力优于脱蛋白亚麻籽胶复合物。相关性分析表明，亚麻籽胶添加量与其所得复合物的接枝度、抗氧化能力均呈正相关。研究表明亚麻籽胶与乳清蛋白结合增强了两者的功能性质。     

亚麻籽胶的特性及其在冰淇淋中的应用

主要探讨了亚麻籽胶的粘度特性及其在冰淇淋中的应用，以亚麻籽胶为稳定剂，通过对亚麻籽胶液、配料液粘度和制作出的冰淇淋的膨胀率、抗融性及其口感等特性进行单因素对比分析，表明亚麻籽胶能有效提高冰淇淋的配料和产品品质。     

亚麻籽胶中多糖含量的测定

本研究采用苯酚-硫酸法、蒽酮-硫酸法、质量法测定了亚麻籽胶中的多糖含量，结果表明，质量法更能准确的反映亚麻籽胶中的多糖含量。     

亚麻籽中提取亚麻胶的工艺探讨

简先介绍了亚麻胶的组成性能，叙述了提取亚麻胶的3种方法及工艺过程，其中从亚麻籽中用水法提取的工艺较为理想。     

亚麻籽胶的流变性质

研究了亚麻籽胶的静态流变性质和动态流变性质.静态流变性质的研究表明:亚麻籽胶溶液是剪切变稀的假塑性流体,其表观粘度随质量分数的增加逐渐增加;温度对亚麻籽胶溶液的表观粘度的影响符合Arrhenius模型,活化能为27.48kJ/mol;pH值对亚麻籽胶溶液的表观粘度影响很大;盐的加入导致亚麻籽胶溶液的粘度降低.动态流变性质的研究表明,亚麻籽胶溶液显示弱凝胶的特性.     

亚麻籽复配胶体系性质分析

分析亚麻籽复配胶体系性质,研究总胶浓度、钾、钠、钙离子浓度,以及柠檬酸浓度、温度和蔗糖浓度对亚麻籽复配胶体系性质的影响。以魔芋胶、卡拉胶、亚麻籽胶为原料制备亚麻籽复配胶,测定亚麻籽复配胶体系的质构、凝胶透明度、析水率,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱检测魔芋胶、卡拉胶和亚麻籽胶复配前后的结构性质变化。实验表明:当总胶浓度增大,亚麻籽复配胶的凝胶透明度和析水率均降低。随着NaCl浓度的增大,亚麻籽复配胶的体系析水率先减小后增大,凝胶透明度增加。增大KCl的浓度,亚麻籽复配胶的凝胶透明度和析水率均增大。增加CaCl_2的添加量,亚麻籽复配胶的析水率先增大然后降低再增大,凝胶透明度增大。亚麻籽复配胶的析水率随着柠檬酸添加量的增加而先增大后降低再增加,凝胶透明度先降低再增大。升高水浴温度,凝胶析水率先降低后增加,凝胶透明度增大。蔗糖浓度增大,亚麻籽复配胶析水率降低,凝胶透明度增大;由此可见3种胶体之间存在相互作用力。     

亚麻籽胶改善蛋糕品质的研究

研究了亚麻籽胶的乳化特性和对蛋糕品质的影响。结果表明,亚麻籽胶具有一定的乳化能力,该能力随亚麻籽胶浓度的增加而增大,1%亚麻籽胶溶液的乳化能力为83.5%。亚麻籽胶乳化能力可能是由于其中含有少量的蛋白质所致。在蛋糕中添加亚麻籽胶后,可以显著改善蛋糕的柔软性。蛋糕中添加1%的亚麻籽胶后,产品的压缩力下降了66%。     

亚麻籽胶的特性及其在冰淇淋中的应用研究

本文主要探讨了亚麻籽胶的粘度特性及其在冰淇淋中的应用。以亚麻籽胶为稳定剂,通过对亚麻籽胶液、配料液粘度和制作出的冰淇淋的膨胀率、抗融性及其口感等特性进行单因素对比分析,结果表明亚麻籽胶能有效提高冰淇淋的配料和产品品质。     

Effects of gelatinisation level, gum and transglutaminase on the quality characteristics of rice noodle

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of gelatinisation level, gum (locust bean gum, xanthan gum, 3%) and/or transglutaminase (TG, 0.5%) on quality characteristics of rice noodle. In order to improve the dough forming ability, rice flour was gelatinised at levels of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Noodle samples were evaluated in terms of cooking loss, total organic matter (TOM), water absorption, swelling volume, maximum force, colour, sensory properties, pasting properties. Noodle sample with a gelatinisation level of 25% had better cooking and sensory properties. Gum and/or TG were added to this noodle formula. The noodle samples including xanthan gum had better cooking and sensory properties. TG caused a significant decrease in TOM. The samples including locust bean gum had significantly higher maximum force values. Xanthan gum caused decreases in some Rapid ViscoAnalyzer viscosity values of the noodle samples, while locust bean gum caused increases.     

低浓度亚麻籽胶的流变特性

对低浓度亚麻籽胶溶液的流变特性进行了研究。结果表明 ,亚麻籽胶溶液属于浓度与粘度关系符合指数规律的流体 ,但当其浓度≤ 3g/L时溶液近似牛顿流体 ,浓度 >3g/L时为假塑性流体 ,且随着浓度增加呈现愈强的假塑性流体特征。亚麻籽胶溶液在一定浓度下表现出剪切稀化的特性。低浓度的亚麻籽胶溶液在pH 6～ 8粘度较大 ,酸、碱均使其粘度降低 ,但酸的影响更大。亚麻籽胶溶液粘度对温度有很强的依赖关系 ,粘度随温度的升高而降低。     

新型天然亲水胶体-亚麻籽胶

亚麻籽胶是一种新型天然亲水胶体,本文对亚麻籽胶的粘度、乳化性等性质以及上述性质与酸度变化、盐的影响、温度改变、加热或冷冻等因素的关系进行了研究。讨论了亚麻籽胶与蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、其他天然亲水胶体的相互作用结果,推荐了亚麻籽胶在一些食品生产中的应用方法。     

3种食品添加剂对鲜湿面抗老化作用研究

鲜湿面含水量高,货架期内极易出现老化,为延缓其老化进程,添加瓜尔胶、硬脂酰乳酸钠、可溶性大豆多糖3种不同类型食品添加剂,并分析其质构特性及感官品质变化。结果表明:以鲜湿面硬度值变化作为老化指标,当添加量(食品添加剂面粉)分别为0.2%的瓜尔胶,0.1%的可溶性大豆多糖,0.2%的硬脂酰乳酸钠时,鲜湿面硬度值最低;根据相关性分析得出质构仪参数:硬度值、黏度值及咀嚼度与感官评分相关性较好。从加入添加剂后的鲜湿面条的质构来看,硬度值:瓜尔胶可溶性大豆多糖硬脂酰乳酸钠(P0.05),黏度值:硬脂酰乳酸钠可溶性大豆多糖瓜尔胶(P0.05),咀嚼度:瓜尔胶可溶性大豆多糖硬脂酰乳酸钠(P0.05);感官评分:瓜尔胶硬脂酰乳酸钠可溶性大豆多糖(P0.05)。表明瓜尔胶总体感官评分较为优良,能够较好地延缓鲜湿面的老化,并保持鲜湿面的品质。     

Rheological properties of instant fried noodle dough as affected by some ingredients

An experiment was set up to investigate the influence of ingredients such as moisture, gum and starch on the rheological properties of instant fried noodle dough. The noodle dough was formulated using a mixture of wheat flour (100%), 0–0.3% guar gum, 0–7.5% starch and 30–42% moisture. The rheological properties of noodle dough were influenced by the ingredients and their interactions. Increasing moisture content decreased Young's modulus (E) of dough samples. Addition of gum to dough at a lower moisture content of 30% increased E, decreased the energy at break (EB) and increased the storage modulus (G′) values. Interactions of starch and gum influenced changes in the rheological parameters at higher moisture contents. Increasing starch content in noodle dough with a lower gum concentration increased EB to a point beyond which further increase in starch concentration decreased EB. Gum and starch improved the binding and mechanical network in the dough. Insufficient water in the dough apparently reduced cohesion in the dough whereas excess water reduced the functionality of gum and starch. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN NOODLES CONTAINING GELATINIZED STARCH, TRANSGLUTAMINASE AND GUM

ABSTRACT

Effects of gelatinized corn flour addition level (40, 60 and 80%), gum (locust bean gum or xanthan gum, 3%) and/or transglutaminase (TG, 0.5%) on quality characteristics of corn noodle were investigated. Gelatinized corn flour was used as a binder for remaining untreated corn flour (60, 40 and 20%). Corn noodles were evaluated in terms of cooking properties (cooking loss, total organic matter (TOM), water absorption, swelling volume and maximum force), color, sensory and pasting properties. Noodle sample containing gelatinized corn flour at level of 80% exhibited best cooking and sensory properties. Gum and/or TG were added to this noodle formula. Gum improved noodle quality in terms of some cooking properties. Improving effect of xanthan gum was more obvious. Covalent crosslinks catalyzed by TG caused significantly lower cooking loss and TOM values. Gums generally caused increases in Rapid ViscoAnalyzer viscosity values of noodles. Gum and/or TG show great promise in processing of gluten‐free corn noodle.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Celiac disease occurs in about one in 300 people in Europe. Lack of gluten in cereals that are safe for gluten‐free food causes major problems in dough processing and product quality. Technological difficulties in production and lack of awareness of number of celiac patients in need of gluten‐free products might restrict researches related to gluten‐free food. In recent years, various approaches to overcome the technological problems are arising. Searching for ingredients that have ability to mimic properties of gluten in production of gluten‐free food is the most common approach. We report herein beneficial effects of gelatinization, gum (locust bean gum, xanthan gum) and/or transglutaminase (TG) in gluten‐free corn noodle production. They have major improving effects in noodle quality and show great promise as a processing aid in bulk manufacture of gluten‐free corn noodle. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating utilization of TG in gluten‐free corn noodles.     

亚麻籽胶性能研究——亚麻籽胶的粘度和乳化性

亚麻籽胶即富兰克胶,是一种纯天然、多功能、营养型植物胶。可做为增稠剂、乳化剂、保湿剂及发泡稳定剂、悬浮稳定剂广泛应用于各类食品加工行业。亚麻籽胶的粘度、亚麻籽胶的乳化性及其与胶液浓度、温度、胶液组成的关系进行了研究。     

小米莲子面条中添加剂复配的研究

以小米粉、莲子粉和小麦粉为原料,研究不同添加量的谷朊粉、瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶以及不同加水量对莲子小米面条质构的影响。通过L9（34）正交试验、TPA全质构分析和感官评定,得出最优配方为：混合粉100 g,加水量为40 g,食盐2 g,食碱0.2 g,谷朊粉5 g,瓜尔豆胶0.1 g,黄原胶0.3 g。