Incorporation of wind power with the current power grids and electricity related markets is an arduous task because of its volatile essence. As a result, there is a need for extra capacity as backup as wind power and battery are integral to one another. This research delves into the utilization of a lithium-ion battery storage system to reduce day ahead bid changes and market integration issues that exist due to sporadic disposition of wind power in Turkey. This research uses data from a 30 MW wind farm and considers added Lithium-ion batteries. Financial analyses have been carried out with lithium-ion investment, variable costs, and current market prices considered. Net present value of both systems was discovered as positive. This research advocates the use of storage systems for the developing countries such as Turkey. It demonstrates that with the drop of battery prices, storage systems have the potential to serve as more applicable options. Furthermore, the importance of energy storage regulation for storage system to enter the market is demonstrated. 相似文献
Global environmental concerns associated with conventional energy generation have led to the rapid growth of wind energy in power systems. Many jurisdictions around the world have set high wind penetration targets in their energy generation mix. Wind speed is variable in nature, and power output from a wind farm is not readily controllable. High wind penetration can lead to high-risk levels in power system reliability and stability. In order to maintain the system stability, wind energy dispatch is usually restricted and energy storage is considered to smooth out the fluctuations and improve supply continuity. The benefits from using energy storage are highly dependent on the operating strategies associated with wind and storage in the power system. A simulation technique that can consider wind farm and energy storage operating strategies is presented. Different operating strategies are compared and the resulting benefits are evaluated. The system impacts of energy storage capacity and operating constraints, wind energy dispatch restrictions, wind penetration level and wind farm location on the reliability benefits from energy storage are illustrated. 相似文献
为提高电池储能单元控制精度,保证储能系统高效稳定运行,研究了储能锂电池模组能量状态(state of energy,SoE)运行区间。在分析跟踪计划发电、风光功率平滑运行模拟工况,以及电池电压极差、电池电压标准差系数等评估指标的基础上,提出了储能锂电池模组SoE运行区间评估方法。然后,对实际运行的锂电池模组进行了跟踪计划发电、风光功率平滑模拟工况试验,并通过分析电池电压极差、电池电压标准差系数的变化,确定了2种运行工况下锂电池模组的SoE运行区间。研究结果表明,采用分析模拟工况试验中电池电压极差、电池电压标准差系数的方法能有效评估储能锂电池模组的SoE运行区间,为提高储能单元能量利用率提供了技术手段,对于保证锂电池储能系统高效稳定运行具有指导意义。 相似文献
This paper presents a novel concept to integrate a heat pump system and a power system which form a hybrid-power gas engine-driven heat pump (HPGHP) system. The power system of the HPGHP system includes an engine, a motor, a set of battery packs, a continuous variable transmission device and a power-control module. The engine in the power system is capable of operating constantly with high thermal efficiency and low emissions during the four different operating modes: for operating mode A, the ICE powers directly to match the compressor's demand load by throttling the natural-gas flow or adjusting the speed of the ICE, correspondingly the battery packs are disengaged and the ICE operates alone; for operating mode B, the ICE operates in the unique condition with the lowest fuel consumption ratio, meanwhile, the battery packs discharge to provide the supplementary power by the power-control module; for operating mode C, the ICE operates in the unique condition with the lowest fuel consumption ratio, and the redundant power provided by the ICE is converted by the motor to charge the battery packs, here, the motor is used as a generator; for operating mode D, the ICE is disengaged and the battery pack is used alone. Simulation results of the power system showed that for a conventional gas engine-driven heat pump (GHP) system the maximum and minimum thermal efficiencies of the power system are 33% and 22%, respectively; compared with the conventional GHP system, the power system in the novel HPGHP system has superior performance with the maximum and minimum thermal efficiencies of 37% and 27%, respectively. 相似文献
The paper describes a simple control structure for a vector-controlled stand-alone induction generator (IG) used to operate under variable speeds. Deadbeat current control is developed for a voltage source PWM converter and the three-phase variable speed squirrel-cage IG to regulate DC-link and generator voltages with newly designed phase-locked-loop circuit. The required reactive power for the variable-speed IG is supplied by means of the PWM converter and a capacitor bank to build up the voltage of the IG without the need for a battery and to reduce the rating of the PWM converter with the need for only three sensors. This proposed scheme can be used efficiently for variable speed wind or hydro energy conversion systems. The measurements of the IG system at various speeds and loads are given and show that this proposed system is capable of good AC and DC voltages regulation 相似文献
The rise of environmental protection and the progressive exhaustion of traditional fossil energy sources have increased the interests in integrating wind energy sources into existing power systems. Development of better wind-thermal coordination algorithms is necessary to determine the optimal proportion of wind generator capacity that can be integrated into the system for operating an isolated hybrid power system reliably and efficiently. A stochastic searching technique, which utilises a simulated annealing (SA) approach combined with an efficient constrained dynamic economic dispatch (CDED) method, is developed to coordinate the wind and thermal generation scheduling in isolated power systems with large integration of wind capacity. The SA algorithm is used for the scheduling of the generating units, whereas a direct search method routine carries out the ramp rate CDED when considering wind power generation. Several technique constraints are applied to determine the maximum proportion of wind generator capacity that can be integrated into the system. A constraint satisfaction technique for generating feasible neighbouring solution is also developed to improve the SA solution process. Numerical experiments are included to understand the wind generator capacity in the operating cost analysis and to provide valuable information for both the operational and planning problems 相似文献
This work presents a new adaptive scheme for energy management in an independent microgrid. The proposed energy management system has been developed to manage the utilization of power among the hybrid resources and energy storage system in order to supply the load requirement based on multi-agent system (MAS) concept and predicted renewable powers and load powers. Auto regressive moving average models have been developed for predicting the wind speed, atmospheric temperature, irradiation, and connected loads. The structure proposed in this paper includes renewable sources as primary source and storage system as secondary source. A wind generator and solar PV array system together acts as primary source, which supplies power to the local load most of the time in this energy management strategy. When they fail to meet the load demand, the secondary source present in the system will assist the primary source and help to attain the goal of satisfying load demand without interruption. If the primary source and secondary source together are not able to meet the load demand then load shedding will be executed according to the priority set. Thus the developed MAS algorithm co-ordinates the hybrid system components and achieves energy management among renewable energy sources, storage units, and load under varying environmental conditions and varying loads. STATCOM based compensation has been implemented to balance the reactive power demand and to mitigate the voltage fluctuations and harmonics on the AC bus. The proposed microgrid has been simulated with MAS concept in Matlab/Simulink environment. The results presented in this paper show cases the effectiveness of the proposed energy management controller. 相似文献
This paper presents a time sequential simulation method for generating capacity adequacy evaluation of small stand-alone power systems containing solar energy (PSCSE) operating in parallel with battery storage. The reliability performance of such a system is quite different from one containing only conventional generation. This is due to the chronological random nature of the solar radiation level and the dependencies associated with the power output of every photovoltaic (PV) generating unit at the site location. The adequacy of a PSCSE depends on various factors such as the solar radiation level, the battery size and charging (discharging) capability, the failure/repair characteristics of the diesel generator (DG) and the PV unit, the system load profile and peak load and the solar energy penetration level in the system etc. The methodologies, results and discussions presented in this paper should provide valuable information to utilities involved in planning and operating stand-alone systems utilizing both conventional and solar energy. 相似文献
The objective of this paper is to develop a generic electric vehicle battery charging framework using wind energy as the direct energy source. A robust model for a small vertical axis wind turbine based on an artificial neural network algorithm is used for predicting its performance over a wide range of operating conditions. The proposed framework can be implemented at any location worldwide where full prediction of the wind signature is perfectly obtained. In this paper, a small vertical axis wind turbine has been experimentally characterized at different operating conditions, where measured data, output power, and torque have been used to build the model. Once the model has been developed, the model is inserted into the MATLAB/Simulink software tool to predict the charging performance of a battery for an electric vehicle. An rpm controller has been used to achieve the maximum generated power from the wind turbine across the day with various wind speeds. Hence, the generated power is fed to the EV battery charger to implement the constant current constant voltage charging protocol. The charging current reached the desired value in a settling time of 4.5 s, whatever the intermittency of the wind energy. The proposed application of wind energy to EV provides sufficient constant power supported by the utility grid.
A novel method using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is proposed for optimising parameters of controllers of a wind turbine (WT) with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The PSO algorithm is employed in the proposed parameter tuning method to search for the optimal parameters of controllers and achieve the optimal coordinated control of multiple controllers of WT system. The implementation of the algorithm for optimising the controllers' parameters is described in detail. In the analysis, the generic dynamic model of WT with DFIG and its associated controllers is presented, and the small signal stability model is derived; based on this, an eigenvalue-based objective function is utilised in the PSO-based optimisation algorithm to optimise the controllers' parameters. With the optimised controller parameters, the system stability is improved under both small and large disturbances. Furthermore, the fault ride-through capability of the WT with DFIG can be improved using the optimised controller. Simulations are performed to illustrate the control performance. 相似文献
In order to meet both economic and energy requirements, this study has proposed an optimal design to minimize the sum of the initial and operation energy costs for a 1200 refrigeration ton chiller and 12 water storage tanks in an absorption chilled water storage air conditioning system. Various power consumption calculation methods for the main devices are included to predict the performance of this equipment under different operating conditions. In addition, the performance curves of the water storage tank under the storage and discharge modes are calculated using Fluent software. The article uses five control strategies for a cooling tower along with three hot water inlet temperatures of a generator to simulate the optimal design of a system. The results show that the least power (10,336 kWh) is consumed when the cooling tower’s outlet temperature is 32°C and the generator’s inlet hot water temperature is 105°C. 相似文献
Adjustable speed induction generators, especially the doubly fed induction generators (DFIG), are becoming increasingly popular due to their various advantages over fixed speed generator systems. A DFIG in a wind turbine has the ability to generate maximum power with varying rotational speed, ability to control active and reactive power by the integration of electronic power converters such as the back-to-back converter, low rotor power rating resulting in low cost converter components, and so on. This study presents an extensive literature survey over past 25 years on the different aspects of DFIG. 相似文献
Requirements for the design of wind turbines advance facing the challenges of a high content of renewable energy sources in the public grid. A high percentage of renewable energy weaken the grid and grid faults become more likely, which add additional loads on the wind turbine. Load calculations with aero-elastic models are standard for the design of wind turbines. Components of the electric system are usually roughly modeled in aero-elastic models and therefore the effect of detailed electrical models on the load calculations is unclear. A holistic wind turbine model is obtained, by combining an aero-elastic model and detailed electrical model into one co-simulation. The holistic model, representing a DFIG turbine is compared to a standard aero-elastic model for load calculations. It is shown that a detailed modelling of the electrical components e.g., generator, converter, and grid, have an influence on the results of load calculations. An analysis of low-voltage-ride-trough events during turbulent wind shows massive increase of loads on the drive train and effects the tower loads. Furthermore, the presented holistic model could be used to investigate different control approaches on the wind turbine dynamics and loads. This approach is applicable to the modelling of a holistic wind park to investigate interaction on the electrical level and simultaneously evaluate the loads on the wind turbine.
Renewable energy sources (RESs) are considered to be reliable and green electric power generation sources. Photovoltaics (PVs) and wind turbines (WTs) are used to provide electricity in remote areas. Optimal sizing of hybrid RESs is a vital challenge in a stand-alone environment. The meta-heuristic algorithms proposed in the past are dependent on algorithm-specific parameters for achieving an optimal solution. This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm of Jaya and a teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) named the JLBO algorithm for the optimal unit sizing of a PV–WT–battery hybrid system to satisfy the consumer’s load at minimal total annual cost (TAC). The reliability of the system is considered by a maximum allowable loss of power supply probability (LPSPmax) concept. The results obtained from the JLBO algorithm are compared with the original Jaya, TLBO, and genetic algorithms. The JLBO results show superior performance in terms of TAC, and the PV–WT–battery hybrid system is found to be the most economical scenario. This system provides a cost-effective solution for all proposed LPSPmax values as compared with PV–battery and WT–battery systems. 相似文献
An isolated wind power generation scheme using slip ring induction machine (SRIM) is proposed. The proposed scheme maintains constant load voltage and frequency irrespective of the wind speed or load variation. The power circuit consists of two back-to-back connected inverters with a common dc link, where one inverter is directly connected to the rotor side of SRIM and the other inverter is connected to the stator side of the SRIM through LC filter. Developing a negative sequence compensation method to ensure that, even under the presence of unbalanced load, the generator experiences almost balanced three-phase current and most of the unbalanced current is directed through the stator side converter is the focus here. The SRIM controller varies the speed of the generator with variation in the wind speed to extract maximum power. The difference of the generated power and the load power is either stored in or extracted from a battery bank, which is interfaced to the common dc link through a multiphase bidirectional fly-back dc-dc converter. The SRIM control scheme, maximum power point extraction algorithm and the fly-back converter topology are incorporated from available literature. The proposed scheme is both simulated and experimentally verified. 相似文献