X Y parallel compliant stage with compact configuration

This paper presents a piezo-driven compliant stage for nano positioning with two degree-of-freedom parallel linear motions. Nano positioning is one of the most important factors in completion of nanotechnologies. It can be accomplished by flexure-based compliant stages driven by piezo-actuators. For compact configuration, the compliant stage is stacked by two-layered compliant mechanisms. The upper layer contains a motion guide mechanism, and the lower layer two displacement amplification mechanisms. The motion guide mechanism consists of four prismatic-prismatic parallel compliant joint chains for two translational motion guides. The displacement amplification mechanism is adopted by a flexure-based flextensional amplification mechanism driven by a stack-type piezo actuator. Due to the parallel compliant joint chains, the stage has the same dynamics in the x and y axes. In this study, through design and analysis, the mechanisms were machined via wire electro-discharge machining and are were then integrated with two stack-type piezoelectric elements for actuation, and two capacitive sensors for ultra-precision displacement measurement. Finally, experiments were carried out to demonstrate the performance of the compliant stage.     

Application of Piezoelectric Actuator and Compliant Structures to Achieve Flapping Wing Motion for a MAV

Micro Aerial Vehicles(MAVs)are the smallest artificial aircraft.Most of the flapping wings MAVs are powered by electric motors of various capacities.We report in this paper the application of piezoelectric actuators as power system for a flapping wing MAV using a compliant displacement amplification mechanism.The actuator used for this application is a pre-stressed cut piece of TH-7R type Thunder actuator.A two-bar compliant mechanism with two flexures has been developed to convert the linear displacement into angular movement and amplification.The specimens were made from carbon fiber links and nylon flexures.We also proposed to use the product of frequency(F)and tip displacement(D),F*D as a criteria for the characterization of an amplifying mechanism.The best specimen according tO this criterion is obtained for a 5mm length flexure specimen made of three layers of nylon.The F*D value obtained for this specimen was 0.58 Hz.m.ANSYS finite element analysis results for different flexural thickness and Iengths were obtained and have been compared to the experimental results.The effect of both the thickness and length of the flexure on a particular arrangement has been discussed.     

基于拓扑优化的平面2-DOF柔顺并联机构构型设计

目的运用拓扑优化技术设计一种平面2-DOF(Degrees-of-Freedom)柔顺并联机构,使其具有微米级别的微运动特性。方法依据平面2-DOF并联原型机构的受力情况进行运动特性分析,基于同构封闭矢量映射原理构建平面2-DOF柔顺并联机构的微分运动Jacobian矩阵,表达多自由度的柔顺并联机构从输入到输出间各关节的运动关系。定义柔度为优化目标函数,微分运动Jacobian矩阵为运动条件,材料体积分数为约束条件,构建平面2-DOF柔顺并联机构材料属性的有理近似模型,并运用移动渐进线法优化求解。结果优化后的平面2-DOF柔顺并联机构构型在x方向的位移为-0.0089mm,在y方向的位移为0.0053 mm,同时,其沿x方向和y方向的微位移理论值为-0.0031 mm和0.0067 mm。结论与并联原型机构的运动特性相比,平面2-DOF柔顺并联机构优化后的微运动特性具有一致性,均为微米级。     

单级柔顺正交位移放大机构非线性建模与优化

同时实现操作的灵活性与稳定性是精密工程领域的研究热点。单级柔顺正交位移放大机构可通过正交位移转换实现平行夹持,并通过位移放大提高操作的灵活性,但该机构的传统建模方法主要基于小变形假定并忽略剪切作用,导致模型精度较低。为此,对典型的单力输入单级柔顺正交位移放大机构进行精确的非线性建模与优化。考虑到剪切作用与几何非线性因素,对单级柔顺正交位移放大机构输出位移进行两步法半解析建模,以实现非线性结果的快速预测。第1步,基于能量法与欧拉-伯努利梁理论,建立该机构输出位移的线弹性解析模型,并结合小变形静力学有限元分析,拟合剪切非线性修正系数;第2步,结合几何非线性静力学有限元分析与数值拟合,建立该机构输出位移的几何非线性修正系数模型。为最大化输出位移并抑制几何非线性作用,提出机构平面尺寸和厚度综合优化策略,并利用ANSYS Workbench有限元仿真验证了机构输出位移非线性模型与优化结果的有效性。仿真结果显示,机构输出位移非线性模型的误差小于5%,且可依据不同优化策略显著增大输出位移或将几何非线性程度约束于指定范围内。研究表明利用所提出的方法对单级柔顺正交位移放大机构进行非线性建模与优化,可有效提高压电驱动柔顺微夹钳的位移输出性能与开环控制的精度和实时性,有利于实现稳定灵活的微操作。     

柔顺停歇机构伪刚体模型的运动学和动力学分析

针对柔顺停歇机构的柔性构件在运动中产生的大变形、大挠度等几何非线性行为,采用伪刚体模型法来分析该类非线性大变形系统.首先,基于大挠度理论对大变形柔性梁进行屈曲分析,运用第一、第二类椭圆积分模拟初始状态为直梁的柔性梁,用多项式拟合得到其载荷—位移关系式.结合边界条件与受力特性,得到柔性梁的等效非线性弹簧伪刚体模型.在此基...     

Analysis of the novel flexure parallel micromanipulators based on multi-level displacement amplifier with/without symmetrical design

Conventional flexure-based parallel micromanipulators (FPM) usually suffer from a small stroke. The performance of a FPM is highly related to the stroke of each actuated limb and the associated constraints, including non-actuated joints. To conquer the drawbacks of the small workspace of conventional FPMs, a device for displacement amplification could improve motion ranges when incorporated into the design of the actuated limbs. This research is focused on the development of a group of unique FPMs with/without symmetrical design based on a multi-level displacement amplifier. Firstly, structural modeling based on a compact and modular design is introduced. Then a macro/micro analysis of the displacement amplifier is conducted. Subsequently, a comprehensive finite-element modeling including the strain and total deformation, modal and frequency response is undertaken to examine the mechanical behavior of the proposed mechanism. The developed method and technology provide a promising solution to enhance the performance of generic FPMs.     

用于双探针原子力显微镜的定位平台的设计及实验验证

针对双探针原子力显微镜的需求,设计了一种提供精确位移的大行程定位平台。采用柔性铰链和压电陶瓷致动器分别作为定位平台的导向机构和驱动机构。在 X、Y和Z轴运动方向通过并联机构实现独立位移。对定位平台进行数学建模,分析和计算定位平台的工作刚度和固有频率,并进行了有限元仿真分析。以电容传感器作为位移测量单元构建了定位平台实验装置,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:定位平台在X与Y轴方向上拥有 110μm 的行程,分辨率为5nm,在Z轴方向上拥有45μm的行程,分辨率为5nm。     

Compliant mechanism design with non-linear materials using topology optimization

In this paper, compliant mechanism design with non-linear materials using topology optimization is presented. A general displacement functional with non-linear material model is used in the topology optimization formulation. Sensitivity analysis of this displacement functional is derived from the adjoint method. Optimal compliant mechanism examples for maximizing the mechanical advantage are presented and the effect of non-linear material on the optimal design are considered.     

装配整体式与现浇剪力墙结构抗震性能对比分析

为研究装配整体式剪力墙结构的抗震性能,设计制作了参数、加载制度等条件相同的12层装配整体式和现浇剪力墙1∶5缩尺模型结构,并对其进行了振动台试验。研究了两模型结构受地震作用时的裂缝形态、破坏机理,自振频率、振型和阻尼比等动力特性,楼层剪力、倾覆力矩、位移,最大层间位移角和结构延性系数等地震响应参数,并进行了对比分析。结果表明:装配整体式结构连接部位存在初始损伤,在首次地震波输入后,其自振频率下降较大,而二者的振型系数和阻尼比变化趋势基本一致;在弹性阶段,两模型结构的裂缝形态、楼层剪力、倾覆力矩、楼层位移和层间位移角的变化规律基本一致,随着输入地震波加速度峰值的增大,其量值无明显差异;结构进入塑性阶段,两模型结构的裂缝形态及其形成机理的差异,造成现浇结构的自振频率最终降低幅度、层间位移角大于装配整体式结构。两模型结构的地震响应均满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标。     

A novel strain sensor based on the campaniform sensillum of insects

The functional design of the campaniform sensillum was modelled as a hole in a plate using two- and three-dimensional finite-element modelling. Different shapes of opening in a fibrous composite plate amplify differently the global strains imposed on the plate, and different configurations of reinforcement also have an effect. In this paper, the main objective is to study the strain and displacement fields associated with circular or elliptical openings in laminated plates in order to investigate their potential for integrated strain sensors. Since we are therefore primarily interested with the detection of displacement, the detailed stress concentration levels associated with these openings are not of primary concern. However, strain energy density levels associated with different hole and fibre configurations have been used to assess the relative likely strength reduction effect of the openings. To compare the relative strain amplification effect of drilled and formed holes of the same size in loaded plates, we have used the relative change in length of diameters (circular) or semi-axes (elliptical) in directions parallel and normal to the load. Various techniques which could sense this deformation were investigated, in particular, the coupling mechanism of a campaniform sensillum of Calliphora vicina. This mechanism was resolved into discrete components: a cap surrounded by a collar, a joint membrane and an annulus-shaped socket septum with a spongy compliant zone. The coupling mechanism is a mechanical linkage which transforms the stimulus into two deformations in different directions: monoaxial transverse compression of the dendritic tip and vertical displacement of the cap. The mechanism is insensitive to change of the material properties of the socket septum, the cuticular cap and the spongy cuticle. The joint membrane may serve as a gap filler. The material properties of the collar have a substantial influence on the coupling mechanism's output. A 30% change of stiffness of the collar causes 45% change in the output of the coupling mechanism. The collar may be able to tune the sensitivity of the sensillum by changing its elastic properties.     

屋顶盒包装机顶封曲臂的优化设计

目的对屋顶盒包装机的顶部封口机构曲臂进行优化设计。方法首先,通过ADAMS求解初始曲臂在工作时的极限载荷,利用Hyper Works中Opti Struct模块对初始曲臂进行准静态分析,得到模型应力云图与位移云图,根据分析结果确定基于相对密度法的结构优化模型。然后,应用Opti Struct创建以最小体积为目标函数的全局响应,以最大应力和最大位移为约束条件的、与子工况相关的响应,从而进行拓扑优化。最后,利用ABAQUS对优化后的模型和连接件进行非线性有限元分析校核。结果优化后模型的质量减少了0.67 kg,最大应力值为48.71 MPa,位移最大值为0.04 mm。结论对封口机构曲臂进行拓扑优化设计可行,不仅可以减少质量成本,也能满足结构的刚强度要求。     

包装送纸机构运动学及动力学仿真分析

目的 为了提高包装送纸装置的生产效率,使用一种六杆机构应用于包装送纸装置中,并对它进行运动学及动力学仿真分析,验证它在运动过程中是否满足实际工作要求。方法 使用矢量解析法和分离体法建立该六杆机构的运动学模型和动力学模型,并采用ADAMS仿真软件对该六杆机构进行运动学仿真和动力学仿真。结果 通过对六杆机构进行运动学仿真分析,得到了输出滑块4的位移、速度和加速度曲线,该机构在水平方向的行程为680.26 mm,满足实际工况要求。通过对六杆机构进行动力学仿真分析,得到了六杆机构各铰接点的受力大小和施加在曲柄1上的平衡力矩大小,该机构在送纸行程时,各铰接点受力和平衡力矩变化较小,该机构在送纸完成后的回返行程时,各铰接点受力和平衡力矩变化较大。结论 分析仿真结果后发现该六杆机构在运动过程中满足实际工作要求,能够较好地运用于包装送纸装置中。     

三角混合两级杠杆微位移放大机构的设计及性能分析

针对压电执行器和压电驱动平台输出行程有限的问题,设计了一种三角混合两级杠杆微位移放大机构。首先,理论推导了该微位移放大机构的位移放大公式,得到了位移放大比;其次,分析了不同类型两级杠杆结构支点铰链对施加载荷的敏感性;最后,利用ANSYS软件对机构进行静力学和动力学仿真,对机构的相对寄生运动比和固有频率进行了分析。结果表明：当选取直梁形铰链作为两级杠杆结构的支点铰链时,机构对施加载荷的敏感性较强;机构位移放大比理论值与仿真值的相对误差为9.56%,相对寄生运动比为0.348 2,且1阶固有频率最佳。所设计的微位移放大机构具有较小的寄生位移、较强的抗干扰能力和较好的动力学性能。研究结果为压电驱动器或快速反射镜支撑结构实现大量程的位移输出提供了一定的理论指导。     

一款低频Janus-Helmholtz顺性腔换能器

Janus-Helmholtz(JH)顺性腔换能器是在传统的JH换能器腔内加入顺性管堆,通过调节占空比实现谐振频率及带宽的控制。在"顺性腔"的设计中采用了压缩系数为3.2×10-8 Pa-1的顺性管,通过ATILA仿真软件对Janus-Helmholtz顺性腔换能器在不同占空比下的声发射性能进行预计且与测试结果进行对比,发现在占空比为12%时,可在300~700 Hz的频带内实现190 d B的声源级,且可实现600 Hz以下频段全向辐射。     

基于给定非线性刚度的柔顺驱动器设计及性能评估

安全的人机交互和适应环境的仿生运动都要求机器人关节具有柔顺性。为了解决现有被动型柔顺驱动器存在的对不同外负载适应性弱、需要额外的刚度调节电机以及刚度与负载不匹配等问题,设计了一种新型非线性刚度柔顺驱动器,采用“凸轮+扭簧”机构结合齿轮传动,可实现给定的双向非线性刚度。首先,介绍了非线性刚度机构的工作原理、凸轮有效轮廓曲线的计算方法以及非线性刚度柔顺驱动器的工作原理;其次,基于提出的双向非线性刚度机构设计了柔顺驱动器样机;最后,对所设计的柔顺驱动器进行了性能评估。通过对样机刚度特性的仿真和试验分析,验证了所设计的柔顺驱动器能够较好地按给定的非线性刚度特性曲线进行刚度调节;通过与相近的驱动器的对比,表明所设计的柔顺驱动器具有优良的综合特性;通过对具有不同力矩峰值和频率的正弦力矩信号的跟踪试验,初步验证了所设计的柔顺驱动器具有良好的力矩控制性能。研究结果表明所提出的设计方法有效,可为机器人关节驱动器的设计提供新思路。     

尺蠖驱动器箝位机构的优化设计

箝位机构的性能直接影响尺蠖驱动器的性能,为满足尺蠖驱动器箝位机构输出力大、响应速度快和结构紧凑的工作要求,设计了单切口柔性铰链桥式箝位机构.该柔性机构的设计必须综合考虑机构的静动态特性,为此,建立了该机构的理论模型,通过刚度和固有频率的试验测试以及有限元分析,发现结构紧凑的小尺寸桥式柔性机构的理论模型误差较大,很难建立简单精确的理论模型.因此,利用有限元法研究了该柔性机构各几何参数对其静动态特性的影响,并通过改变该柔性机构的几何参数,实现对该柔性机构的静动态特性进行优化,以达到设计要求.结果表明它是一种简单有效的桥式耦合柔性机构的优化设计方法.     

Inverse finite element method for large‐displacement beams

A finite element model for the inverse analysis of large‐displacement beams in the elastic range is presented. The model permits determining the initial shape of a beam such that it attains the given design shape under the effect of service loads. This formulation has immediate applications in various fields such as compliant mechanism design where flexible links can be modeled as large‐displacement beams. Numerical tests for validation purposes are given, together with two design applications of flexible mechanisms with distributed compliance: a flexible gripper and a flexible S‐type clutch. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Topology synthesis of large‐displacement compliant mechanisms

This paper describes the use of topology optimization as a synthesis tool for the design of large‐displacement compliant mechanisms. An objective function for the synthesis of large‐displacement mechanisms is proposed together with a formulation for synthesis of path‐generating compliant mechanisms. The responses of the compliant mechanisms are modelled using a total Lagrangian finite element formulation, the sensitivity analysis is performed using the adjoint method and the optimization problem is solved using the method of moving asymptotes. Procedures to circumvent some numerical problems are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Topology optimization of hinge-free compliant mechanisms using level set methods

A new level set-based multi-objective optimization method is proposed for topological design of hinge-free compliant mechanisms. Firstly, the flexibility requirement of compliant mechanisms is formulated by using the mutual energy. Two types of mean compliance are developed to meet the stiffness requirement. Secondly, several objective functions are developed for designing hinge-free compliant mechanisms based on the weighting method in which a new scheme for determining weighting factors is used. Thirdly, several numerical examples are performed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. It is shown that the resulting compliant mechanism configurations contain only strip-like members which are suitable for generating distributed compliance and decreasing stress concentration.     

新型糖果包装机推糖机构设计

目的设计一种新型糖果包装机的推糖机构,更好地满足糖果包装过程中的工艺要求。方法采用傅里叶非圆齿轮周转轮系实现糖果包装机推糖机构的工作轨迹,并建立傅里叶非圆齿周转轮系推糖机构的数学模型;根据糖果包装过程中具体的推糖工艺要求,采用Matlab语言编写该机构的辅助设计软件,并通过该软件选取满足要求的机构参数。结果通过实例计算可知,傅里叶非圆齿轮周转轮系能够实现推糖机构的工作轨迹,具有直线推糖行程长度136.8 mm,且推杆在行程最左段能快速地退出。结论傅里叶非圆齿轮周转轮系能够很好地实现推糖机构工作轨迹,完成糖果包装的工艺要求。