核电机组热力性能在线计算方法的研究

结合核电汽轮机热力系统特点和实际运行情况,探索湿蒸汽区蒸汽焓值计算的不同方法,依据汽轮机制造厂设计数据和机组实时数据,采用假定湿蒸汽干度的方法,建立了汽轮发电机组运行经济性指标计算模型。对核电机组运行经济性指标进行在线连续监测,通过热力系统及设备运行数据分析,开展热力系统故障诊断方法的研究,可为查找和解决二回路热力系统实际运行中的能损问题提供技术手段。     

基于压水堆核电机组等效热降法的改进算法

由于核电汽轮机抽汽状态点焓值及排汽焓难以准确确定,使得压水堆核电机组常规等效热降法计算结果存在偏差.针对这一问题,提出压水堆核电机组等效热降法的改进算法.对1000MW压水堆核电机组二回路热力系统进行实例计算,结果表明:用等效热降法的改进算法所得的汽轮机实际循环热效率与设计值相比较,误差在允许的范围内.等效热降法的改进...     

压水堆核电机组二回路热力系统热经济性的矩阵分析方法

针对现有压水堆核电机组二回路热经济性分析方法,结合等效热降算法、矩阵算法与常规热平衡算法,经过理论分析和数学推导,构建了核电机组二回路汽水分布方程,导出了适合压水堆核电机组二回路热力系统热经济性定量分析的矩阵分析方程.该方程的结构与压水堆核电机组二回路的热力系统一一对应,构造容易,各项含义明确.实例计算证明,本文所提理论模型准确、可靠.     

核-气联合循环发电系统性能仿真分析

针对压水堆核电机组循环热效率较低及电网对核电调峰能力的需求，基于Ebsilon软件，在大亚湾核电站二回路热力系统模型基础上，建立核-气联合循环发电热力系统。以燃气轮机循环效率、联合循环效率作为热经济性指标，评价联合循环系统的性能，并分析环境温度、压力及燃气轮机负荷变化对系统性能的影响。结果表明:核-气联合循环系统热效率相比原核电机组提高13.15%，汽轮机输出功率增加75.49%，工作环境得到明显改善；环境温度降低或压力升高会提高燃气轮机效率及联合循环功率；燃气轮机降负荷时，通过补燃天然气可维持核蒸汽发生器进口温度不变，汽轮机仍有较高的输出功率，负荷可调节范围为56.57%~100%。      

核电汽轮机通流部分性能监测与故障诊断

介绍了一个基于热力参数在线监测的核电汽轮机经济性分析与通流部分故障诊断系统。该系统避开了干度测量的困难．利用双重校验方法及基于故障机理的效率修正方法,初步解决了核电机组湿蒸汽汽轮机的热力计算问题。在此基础上．利用神经网络方法建立了基于部件特性参数变化征兆的故障诊断系统,经过检验．取得了满意的诊断效果。     

二回路热力系统变动后反应堆安全性分析方法研究

基于压水堆二回路热力系统热经济性定量分析理论,提出适用于M310核电机组的二回路热力系统变动后机组反应堆安全性分析计算方法。应用该方法对M310机组二回路两列高压加热器解列的事故工况进行了反应堆安全性分析计算,并与全范围模拟机的仿真结果进行比较,结果一致,说明本文提出的反应堆安全性分析计算方法是正确且准确的。     

热电联产压水堆机组二回路经济性定量分析理论的研究

针对热电联产压水堆核电机组采用新蒸汽再热和对外供应两种不等价的能量－热能和电能的特点,导出了热电联产压水堆机组二回路的热经济指标转换系数。利用该转换系数建立热电联产压水堆二回路热力系统的经济性定量分析数学模型,同时使热电联产压水堆机组二回路的经济性诊断方法与纯发电压水堆机组的诊断方法得以安全统一。实例计算证明,本文所提理论模型准确、可靠、简捷。     

TMSR熔盐回路的漏热功率在线监测软件

简述了钍基熔盐堆核能系统(TMSR)熔盐回路漏热功率在线监测软件功能和开发过程。基于EPICS构架,通过采用分段式的实时温度数据采集与在线处理的方法,首次实现了TMSR信号实时处理与监测功能,完成了用于实现TMSR熔盐回路漏热功率在线监测软件的开发,为TMSR监控系统的后续功能开发和TMSR正常运行提供了可靠的技术支持和保障。     

核电站分布式智能故障诊断系统研究与设计

为进一步减少核电站运行中发生故障后的误操作,根据核电站各设备功能分布及核电站数字化仪控系统分布式控制的特点,研究设计了核电站分布式状态监测与故障诊断系统。依据分解 综合的诊断思想,提出模糊神经网络和RBF神经网络进行分布式局部诊断和多源信息融合技术进行全局综合诊断的方法。仿真实验结果表明,该诊断系统能够正确诊断压水堆核电站多个典型故障,并能为核电站运行提供有效的帮助信息。     

产氚回路中氚的在线监测研究

描述一套产氚回路中氚的在线监测装置——流气式正比计数系统。测试该系统的坪曲线、本底、探测效率等性能后,开展了氚在线监测实验研究。结果表明,该系统性能稳定,控制好测量条件,可作产氚回路中氚的在线监测设备。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.