不同含量WC颗粒增强激光熔覆截齿涂层性能研究

目的 解决截齿磨损失效问题,研究不同WC颗粒含量对42CrMo截齿激光熔覆Co基/WC复合涂层表面形貌及裂纹率、显微硬度、耐磨/耐腐蚀性能的影响机制。方法 通过在42CrMo截齿基体上制备Co基/WC复合涂层,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验仪及电化学工作站测试不同WC颗粒含量对熔覆层性能的影响。结果 Co基/WC复合涂层表面较为平整,当WC颗粒质量分数大于30%时,熔覆层表面开始出现交错裂纹;当WC质量分数为80%时,裂纹率增加35%。Co基/WC复合涂层的显微硬度皆高于42CrMo基体(378HV0.2),随着WC颗粒含量的增加,熔覆层平均显微硬度从448HV0.2提升到890HV0.2。Co基/WC复合涂层的摩擦系数、磨损量均小于42CrMo基体,WC颗粒质量分数增加到80%时,熔覆层平均摩擦系数为0.270,为基体(0.567)的50%,磨损量仅为1.0 mg,相比于42CrMo基体(18.6 mg)降低了约95%,低WC颗粒含量以黏着磨损为主,高WC含量以磨粒磨损为主。熔覆层耐腐蚀性能随WC含量的增加先增大、后减小,WC质量分数为30%时,熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能最好,具有最小的电流密度(1.465×10^–7 A/cm²),相比基体电流密度(8.031×10^–6 A/cm²)降低了98%。结论 WC颗粒含量对Co基/WC复合熔覆层的裂纹敏感性有显著影响,WC颗粒的细晶、弥散及固溶强化使熔覆层的显微硬度、耐磨/耐腐蚀性能得到明显改善。     

液压阻尼器活塞杆激光熔覆WC/Co06涂层耐磨耐腐蚀性能

目的 研究WC添加量对WC/Co06复合涂层耐磨耐腐蚀性能影响,以期应用到液压阻尼器活塞杆表面,增强活塞杆耐磨耐腐蚀性能。方法 采用同轴送粉式激光熔覆设备在液压阻尼器活塞杆用42Cr Mo钢表面制备不同WC含量(质量分数为5%、10%、15%、20%)的WC/Co06涂层,用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及维氏硬度显微计,对4组不同WC含量的涂层进行质量检测。用滑动摩擦磨损试验机对涂层进行磨损性能测试。用盐雾腐蚀试验箱对涂层进行耐腐蚀测试。结果 熔覆层表面质量良好,稀释率为5%左右。熔覆层显微组织随WC含量的升高越来越致密,WC/Co06涂层生成多种硬质相,如Cr₂₃C₆、Cr₇C₃、WC及Fe₃W₃C等分布在γ-Co固溶体周围增强其硬度以及耐磨耐腐蚀能力。4组熔覆层中,20%WC含量的熔覆层硬度最高(810HV),是基体的(275HV)2.95倍。摩擦磨损及盐雾腐蚀试验后,熔覆涂层磨损量及腐蚀失重均明显降低,其中20%WC熔覆层的磨损量及腐蚀失重最低...     

稀土对激光熔覆WC／Ni-P涂层微磨料磨损性能的影响

利用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了WC/NNi-P复合椽层．在Plint TE-66微磨料磨损试验机上进行了磨损试验，研兜了不同稀土含量(CeO2)以及不同粒度WC粉末对涂层熔覆性能、硬度和磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明：稀土的适当加入船移使熔覆时熔体的流动性显著提高．使其气孔率降低，表面平整，能显著提高熔覆层的熔覆性能。随稀土含量增加，涂层组织细化；WC颗粒的加入提高了涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性。在微磨料磨损过程中馀层表面Ni-P基质优先于WC颗粒被磨去，导致WC颗粒从基质中凸起，最后WC颗粒失去基质支撑在磨料的作用下从涂层中脱落。     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性北大核心CSCD

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

激光能量密度对65Mn钢表面Ni60A/WC复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响规律

目的 改善旋耕刀65Mn钢的摩擦磨损性能,提高农机触土零部件的使用寿命。方法 采用激光熔覆技术在65Mn钢基体表面制备Ni60A/WC复合涂层。通过改变激光功率调节激光能量密度,在不同能量密度下制备Ni60A/WC复合涂层,观察并测试不同参数下复合涂层试样的宏观形貌、微观结构、物相组成、元素分布、显微硬度及摩擦磨损特性,研究激光能量密度对Ni60A/WC复合涂层组织演变及摩擦磨损性能的影响规律和机理。结果 Ni60A/WC复合熔覆层顶部主要有胞状晶和树枝晶,分布较紧密,熔覆层中部主要有树枝状晶,熔覆层底部主要为胞状晶和垂直交界面生长的枝晶,且分布均匀致密。随着激光能量密度的升高,熔覆层的熔高和熔深增加显著,WC硬质相颗粒发生分解,硬质相的数量明显减少,涂层的平均显微硬度降低。在激光能量密度为120 J/mm²时,熔覆层的平均显微硬度为587.1HV1.0,相较于基体,提升了约1.8倍。此时熔覆层的平均摩擦因数最小,为0.312,相较于基体,得到显著提升,摩擦磨损机制为轻微的磨粒磨损。经田间试验测试发现,在激光能量密度为120 J/mm²时制备的带有熔覆层的旋耕刀相较于无熔覆层的旋耕刀,其磨损质量降低了63%。结论 通过控制激光能量密度,可以有效调控Ni60A/WC熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性,可为农机触土易磨损件的减摩耐磨表面强化改性提供理论指导。     

铝合金表面添加稀土激光熔覆Ni基WC金属陶瓷涂层研究

添加适量稀土氧化物,采用自配的熔覆材料在ZL108表面激光熔覆制备了Ni基WC金属陶瓷复合涂层,对熔覆层进行了显微组织分析、显微硬度测量以及室温下的干滑动摩擦磨损试验。结果表明,铝合金上激光熔覆Ni基WC金属陶瓷增强熔覆层无裂纹,组织细小、致密,WC颗粒增强相与基体之间结合良好。室温下熔覆层的磨损主要为显微切削和粘着磨损,干摩擦磨损性能优良。     

40Cr钢表面激光熔覆金属陶瓷复合涂层的组织和性能

以WC、TiC、Co以及Co50合金粉末为原料,在40Cr钢表面制备了WC/Co、WC/Co50以及WC-TiC/Co50金属陶瓷复合涂层。使用X射线衍射（XRD）、金相光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和EDS能谱,对熔覆层的显微组织和物相构成进行分析。结果表明,在选择适当的激光熔覆工艺条件下,制备的WC/Co50和WC-TiC/Co50复合涂层表面形貌良好,平整连续且无宏观裂纹。硬度测试和摩擦磨损试验表明,复合涂层具有高的硬度（涂层平均显微硬度1126.7 HV0.2以上,涂层表面硬度可达66.2 HRC以上）和良好的耐磨性,其磨损量相比40Cr钢基材分别下降了54%和66%。分析认为,熔覆层硬度和耐磨性提高的原因在于熔覆层中存在大量WC、TiC以及反应生成的W₂C、Fe₃W₃C等碳化物增强相,且均匀分布于基体中。     

激光熔覆制备MoS2/Ni基自润滑复合涂层组织及磨损性能

通过在镍基合金中添加MoS2固体自润滑相,利用激光熔覆技术在20CrMo钢基材表面制备MoS2/Ni基复合涂层,获得与基体冶金结合且无气孔、裂纹等缺陷的熔覆层.使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对激光熔覆层组织、成分进行表征,用MMG-10型高温高速摩擦磨损试验机对MoS2/Ni基涂层的摩擦性能进行测试.研究结果表明,在试验温度20～800 ℃范围内,复合自润滑涂层的摩擦系数比Ni基合金涂层显著降低,随MoS2含量增加,摩擦系数呈降低趋势;在MoS2同含量的复合材料中,其摩擦系数随试验温度升高呈先降后升的趋势,含8%MoS2复合自润滑涂层的摩擦系数,在600 ℃时达到最小值0.2.     

稀土Y2O3对6063Al激光熔覆镍基熔覆层耐磨性的影响

利用激光熔覆技术,在6063铝合金表面制备了添加有不同含量Y₂O₃的Ni60合金熔覆层,并对熔覆层进行了耐磨性试验. 通过分析熔覆层组织、熔覆层表面磨痕形貌、磨损量及摩擦系数,研究Y₂O₃含量对铝合金表面激光熔覆Ni基涂层耐磨性能的影响. 结果表明,添加5%Y₂O₃的Ni60熔覆层组织呈现明显的网状分布的枝晶和细小的等轴晶,稀土Y₂O₃可以改善铝合金表面Ni60熔覆层的组织,促进晶粒细化和成分分布均匀;添加稀土Y₂O₃的Ni60基熔覆层较Ni60熔覆层的磨损面崩损程度减小了,摩擦稳定性得到提高;随着稀土含量提高,熔覆层的磨损量减小,但Y₂O₃含量高于5%时磨损量基本不会大幅变化;5%Y₂O₃+Ni60熔覆层具有良好的磨损形貌、较低的磨损量以及较稳定的摩擦系数,其熔覆层的耐磨性是Ni60熔覆层的6.1倍,是6063Al合金基体耐磨性的20.1倍.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.