金属薄壁管件外压缩径成形理论及实验研究

起皱失稳问题是空心薄壁类零件在加工和应用领域的主要瓶颈。基于此,对金属薄壁管件缩径成形过程中的弹塑性失稳规律进行研究,提出预测缩径褶皱、提高成形件质量的方法及技术手段。基于L.H.Donnell线性屈曲理论,推导了管坯均布外压作用下的环向弹性及塑性起皱临界载荷表达式;探讨了成形条件及材料参数对管材抗起皱性能强弱的影响。利用固体颗粒介质缩径工艺实现了AA7075管材不同热处理条件下的缩径成形,工艺试验验证了管材缩径成形起皱失稳理论的相关结论。     

应用JSTAMP／NV的管材液压成形案例仿真

为有效地预测管材液压成形过程中存在的问题,比如：制件在外侧过度减薄和内侧起皱,用JSTAMP／NV对汽车副车架液压成形工艺过程进行有限元模拟分析,得出各工序的仿真结果。应用逆向求解器Hystamp仅需直接指定管坯的尺寸参数、材料和弯曲工艺参数即可自动执行弯曲仿真计算并可在几秒内获取弯曲仿真的结果;应用LS—DYNA执行预成形和液压成形工序仿真的计算,需设定液压成形工序的工艺参数,包括液压加载的曲线和方向以及轴向进给位移。JSTAMP／NV能有效模拟管材液压成形工艺过程并预测成形过程中在变形区出现的屈曲、起皱和破裂等缺陷,可以为工艺试验提供指导。     

基于数值模拟的薄壁管冷弯成形工艺研究

薄壁管冷弯成形过程中最常见的缺陷有管坯内侧失稳起皱、外侧减薄破裂,为获得质量良好的某车用水冷管接头冷弯件,采用数值模拟方法分别研究了芯棒伸出量e、防皱块与管坯间隙c以及芯棒直径d等工艺参数对冷弯成形质量的影响.结果表明:随着芯棒伸出量e增大,管坯外侧壁厚减薄率γ增大,管坯内侧起皱趋势先减小再增大;随着管坯与防皱块的间隙...     

带长直管的小弯曲半径薄壁弯头推弯成形实验研究

带长直管的小弯曲半径(R=1D)薄壁弯头推弯成形极易产生成形不足、失稳起皱等缺陷。通过改变摩擦系数和成形内压两种工艺参数,研究带长直管的小弯曲半径弯头推弯成形。结果表明:管材内部压力的大小对弯头成形效果影响显著,压力太小会造成管材弯曲段产生失稳起皱的现象,压力太大则易造成弯管成形不足和弯管头部破裂等缺陷;管坯外壁与模具型腔摩擦力的大小对弯头成形亦有重要影响,摩擦力过大将阻碍管坯材料沿轴向的流动,降低弯头长度。实验采用聚氨酯填料作弹性介质,二硫化钼作润滑剂,内胀推弯成形带长直管的小弯曲半径薄壁弯头,其外侧壁厚减薄量控制在安全范围之内。     

芯棒结构对薄壁管材自由弯曲成形质量的影响

为提高不锈钢薄壁管材自由弯曲的成形质量,在管材内部加入芯棒以降低自由弯曲管材起皱和截面畸变的程度。建立了内置芯棒下自由弯曲成形的力学模型,采用有限元模拟与成形实验相结合的方法,研究了芯棒位置、芯球个数,以及芯棒与管材内壁间隙对自由弯曲成形过程中不锈钢薄壁管材应力、应变分布,截面畸变率和壁厚分布的影响规律。研究结果表明:位于管材变形区的芯球可对薄壁管材内壁起支撑作用;在保证芯球间互不干涉的情况下,芯球数量越多,对管材成形质量的改善程度越大;当芯棒与管材间隙处于合理范围时,自由弯曲成形后的管材外侧壁厚减薄率和截面畸变率较小。     

管材轴压液力成形中的摩擦与密封

管材轴压液力成形是一种生产中空轴类零件的成形技术,其在汽车和航空航天等领域有广泛的应用前景。管坯和模具间的摩擦是影响管件成形过程的关键因素,现已成为目前人们研究的热点之一。本文对管材轴压液力成形中的摩擦和密封问题进行了概述,提出了一种新的管端密封和导向形式,有效地改善了管坯和模具间的摩擦,同时获得了较好的密封效果。     

助推对薄壁不锈钢管绕弯成形质量的影响

为掌握助推对薄壁304不锈钢管绕弯成形质量的影响规律,基于ABAQUS软件建立了薄壁不锈钢管绕弯成形三维有限元模型,通过理论计算推导出了助推速度的参考值和压块最小压力值,并在此基础上研究了助推速度和压块压力对成形质量的影响,同时进行了实验验证。结果表明:压块压力存在敏感值,当压块压力小于敏感值时,助推速度对壁厚和褶皱没有明显的影响;当压块压力大于等于敏感值时,管材内外侧壁厚随着助推速度的增加而增大,而当助推速度大于参考值时,出现了明显的褶皱。助推速度和压块压力对回弹的影响不明显。实验证明,该方法能显著提高管材成形质量。     

汽车异形管件挤压成形计算机仿真

对汽车异形管件的挤压成形过程进行有限元模拟,研究了管坯厚度和成形轴向速度对管件成形质量的影响。模拟结果表明:管壁厚度从两端出现急剧缩小,并在管道中间处出现小幅上升;壁厚减幅最大处出现在管材两端倒角和胀形最大区域的连接处;壁厚为1 mm,轴向速度为0.5 mm/s时,得到的成形管件管壁最大等效应力为284 MPa,接近于理想状态,未发生冲击断裂的危险;等效总应变则随着壁厚和轴向速度的增加而逐渐减小。     

大直径薄壁钢管缩径成形工艺研究

汽车车轴多采用钢管制造,两端需要进行缩颈,再焊接半轴.制造重型车桥、车轴的材料一般为厚壁钢管,可采用多次冷缩颈或热缩颈工艺.厚壁钢管的缩颈成形工艺已经较为成熟,目前薄壁钢管缩径成形方面的研究报道还较少,夏巨谌等人对薄壁钢管缩径成形过程进行了理论分析和有限元模拟;刘超,王连东等研究汽车桥壳管坯推挤一拉拔复合缩径成形工艺;...     

圆管受轴压和充液内高压成形极限的理论解析

对管材的内高压成形过程进行理论解析,研究变形过程中材料的应力应变状态,从本质上揭示内高压成形工艺变形过程中的力学规律.研究了管材内高压成形提高成形极限的机理,给出了内高压成形时各应力状态在屈服椭圆上的分布,得出了管坯发生塑性变形时内压与轴向力之间的相互关系.最后,讨论了管材内高压成形过程中材料的变形路径在成形极限图上的范围和控制载荷匹配的基本原则.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.