名优茶并联采摘机器人的结构设计与工作空间分析

研究了名优茶并联采摘机器人的结构和工作空间。根据并联机构尺度综合理论,应用遗传算法与直接搜索工具箱GADS,计算出机器人臂长尺寸。结合数值法和几何法,利用快速极坐标搜索法求出机器人工作空间边界,并在MATLAB中绘制空间三维图。比较三维图和给定的工作空间,验证了机器人设计满足工作空间的需求。     

3-UPS并联机器人工作空间研究

基于3-UPS并联机器人为研究对象,分析了基座与动平台之间支链连杆的长度对3-UPS并联机器人工作空间的限制。采用三维搜索法确定工作空间边界。通过Matlab编程绘制出3-UPS并联机器人的灵活工作空间,同时研究了并联机器人机构模型参数与工作空间之间关联性。为并联机器人的结构设计和进一步研究奠定了基础。     

3-PUU并联机构工作空间分析与优化

提出了一种新型3-PUU并联机器人,对该机器人进行运动学分析,得到了3-PUU并联机器人的运动学反解,在此基础上,分析了移动副和虎克铰对工作空间的限制。采用三维极限搜索法求解了工作空间,并对该并联机器人的工作空间进行了优化分析。结果表明:优化后的工作空间明显增大,该种机器人具有较好的实际应用前景。     

3-RPC机构的安全工作空间设计

影响并联机器人安全工作空间的因素很多,如:奇异位型、机构结构尺度、静态受力等。以3-RPC并联机器人为研究对象,基于机构位置分析,以雅克比条件数为基准,采用数值迭代法得到机构杆长极限尺度。通过运动仿真验证机构在极限杆长空间内杆件的干涉性和静态受力,从而保证机构工作空间的安全性。最后,采用极坐标搜索法计算了机构的安全工作空间。     

平面2自由度冗余驱动并联机构的工作空间(英文)

提出研究平面并联机构的工作空间问题,并以2-DOF并联机器人为研究对象,通过建立平面2自由度冗余驱动并联机器人的结构参数与工作空间形状的函数关系,绘出了两者基于无量纲参数的工作空间二维图谱,即求出了该平面并联机器人的工作空间。对工作空间图谱进行分析,得到了结构尺寸参数对工作空间的影响规律,为该并联机器人的机构设计和轨迹规划提供了重要参考,简化了分析并联机器人工作空间的难度。     

机构约束条件下Delta机器人工作空间建模与计算方法

为了简单快捷地计算带有机构约束的Delta并联机器人的工作空间,提出一种新的Delta并联机器人工作空间的数值算法,并在算法中加入了球铰、万向节等机构约束对Delta型并联机器人工作空间的影响。首先建立Delta并联机器人工作空间计算的理论数学模型,然后建立球铰、万向节机构的角度约束数学模型,最后利用MATLAB编程求解并用离散点作图表示以及进行实验验证。利用该算法可以计算带有机构约束的Delta并联机器人的工作空间,通过对自主开发的Delta并联机器人的操作分析,验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种并联机器人机构运动特性优化研究

针对并联机器人工作空间的最大化,提出一种具有四自由度的并联机器人机构模型,该并联机器人具有几何对称、运动学简单、平移工作空间沿直线导轨方向无限扩展等优点。采用投影法简化位移分析,采用闭环矢量法分析并联机器人机构瞬时运动学特性。通过对雅可比矩阵的秩分析,确定雅可比矩阵的正向奇异构型、逆向奇异构型、组合奇异构型和局部奇异构型,研究具有偏置角的远端平行四边形的局部奇异特性。在工作空间分析的基础上,建立以机构所占最大面积为目标函数的优化模型,并采用遗传算法优化设计参数,结果表明当偏移角为15°时,可达工作空间总体增加了17%。     

蒙特卡洛方法在Tricept机器人工作空间分析中的应用

Tricept是并联机器人家族中应用较广的一种,它依着独特结构和出色的性能在并联机器人市场中占有重要的地位。本文运用蒙特卡洛法及其位置逆解对其工作空间作了初步地研究,借助于M atlab画出了其工作空间三维图形及其各剖面的形状,为进一步研究打下了基础。     

六维力反馈控制器的设计及参数优化

针对现有的可用作六维力反馈控制器的并联机构动态性能差,刚度差,承载能力差等问题,设计了一种新型三支链六自由度并联机构,建立了逆运动学方程并得到位置反解的解析解。基于约束条件和位置反解,利用一种搜索速度快、搜索精度高的改良极坐标搜索法绘制出了并联机构定姿态工作空间的截面图和实体图。最后以内接于工作空间且高度H与直径D相等的圆柱体的直径为目标,利用全局搜索法得到一组最优机构参数,在机构整体尺寸基本不变情况下使工作空间的内接圆柱体直径增大40%,达到优化机构参数的目的。     

8-SPU并联机器人工作空间分析及参数优化

并联机器人工作空间是评价并联机构工作能力的重要指标,而结构参数是影响工作空间的基本因素。通过圆弧相交法求定姿态的工作空间,得到其截面形状,利用梯形积分法计算出工作空间体积。以工作空间体积为目标函数,通过遗传算法对机构的结构参数进行优化,获得了性能优良的结构参数。利用MATLAB软件编程得到了该并联机构的工作空间图,可以更直观观察工作空间的变化,为该并联机构性能的进一步研究和推广应用奠定了基础。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。