差速器壳体镗孔夹具设计

镗床夹具是镗孔加工中常用的辅助装置。针对差速器壳体上两组相互垂直孔的加工,设计了专用的镗孔夹具。鉴于差速器壳体的结构特点和镗孔工序要求,采用一面两孔定位,并确定了满足定位精度要求的定位销尺寸。接着,确定了可靠的工件夹紧方案,并设计了油缸以及相关的夹紧装置。最后介绍了该夹具的结构组成及其特点。     

基于PMC的连杆零件数控机床自动夹具设计与实现

为减小多次定位装夹引起的定位误差对零件加工精度影响,通过对连杆零件加工工艺分析,提出以零件不需加工的设计基准面为定位基准,以数控机床自身气源为动力、PMC为控制装置的工序集中式自动夹具设计理念。经设计夹具结构、气动系统和控制系统等,完成了基于PMC的连杆零件数控机床自动夹具制作。该夹具结构简单、定位准确、夹紧可靠、稳定性好。实验证明:利用该夹具加工连杆零件,连杆零件加工表面相互位置精度得到了一定程度的提高。     

精密阀芯径向孔钻床夹具设计

针对某精密阀芯外圆表面径向孔尺寸和位置精度高、加工质量不稳定的情况,设计一种采用V形槽反装定位、偏心轮装置快速夹紧的专用钻床夹具。详细分析了径向孔加工钻床夹具的定位和夹紧方案,计算出定位元件关键尺寸,阐述夹紧装置的原理和工作过程。经夹具精度分析与验算,发现所设计的夹具完全能满足精密阀芯径向钻孔的高精度要求。该夹具操作简便、适应性强、工件加工质量稳定,为机械行业销轴类零件高精度径向孔钻床夹具的设计提供了参考。     

拨杆零件车床车加工平面钻孔夹具设计

借助于夹具,将零件的平面加工和钻孔等工序安排在一台车床上,充分发挥车床高效加工能力,减少转序时间,提高加工效率。由夹具控制零件与车床的相对位置,由夹具精度保证零件加工精度。平面加工采用5点定位,V形块夹紧机构。钻孔加工采用6点定位,螺纹连接夹紧。夹具体设计为圆形,便于安装在车床三爪卡盘上。     

薄壁零件装夹方案设计与优化

针对薄壁零件刚性差,制造过程中在夹具夹紧力和切削力的作用下,容易产生加工变形,严重影响加工精度和表面质量等问题,分析和阐述了提高薄壁零件加工精度的装夹设计方法.研究了基于遗传算法和有限元方法的薄壁零件夹具布局和夹紧力的同步优化设计方法,以一壳体薄壁零件为例,进行了其夹具的装夹方案设计以及夹具布局和夹紧力的同步优化.结果表明该优化方法可以有效地降低由于装夹不当所引起的工件变形程度, 提高工件的加工精度.     

多腔缸体零件端面铣削加工的高精密夹具设计及其优化

针对发动机多腔体缸体的结构复杂和刚度小的问题,对该缸体铣削端面加工工序确定高精密夹具的定位和夹紧方案.在初步分析夹具方案之后,运用有限元法对夹具的主要零件进行了变形分析和计算,并在此基础上对夹具结构进行了优化,最终确定了高精密夹具设计新方案.结果表明优化得到的设计方案优于经验设计方案,提高了夹具的定位和夹紧精度,从而保证了加工质量,在实际生产中效果良好.     

筒形钣金件铣削加工夹具设计

针对筒体钣金类零件,在铣削加工中出现的定位误差大、装夹不稳定易变形等问题。专门设计了一种内涨式定位夹紧夹具,以此来解决零件制作公差较大而引起的定位夹紧问题。通过实际加工改进,最终设计出通用性强的筒形钣金件机械加工夹具,为同类型零件加工夹具的设计提供了探索。     

发动机端盖类零件工艺装备设计与数控加工

传统端盖零件加工需要采用车床、钻床、铣床等多种设备,多次装夹存在重复定位误差、工作量较大等问题。针对端盖零件的加工问题,设计一套专用气动工艺装备,实现端盖零件一次装夹完成孔、螺纹的加工,该工艺装备采用气动夹紧装置,夹紧力可调,采用三点可调支撑调整工件平面度,通过径向定位装置准确定位工件初始角度,保证加工孔位置精度。通过NX UG 10.0软件编写数控加工工艺,利用立式加工中心完成端盖零件的数控加工。生产实践表明:该工艺装备实现了工件的快速装卸、大批量自动化生产,加工精度稳定且符合生产技术要求,生产效率明显提高,取得较好的经济效率。     

一种制动器底板镗孔加工工艺分析及夹具设计

某制动器底板上镗孔加工,原来采用螺栓夹紧方式,零件受力不均,导致变形,合格率极低,而且一次只能加工一件零件。本文设计了压板式液压保压结构的夹具,通过旋转轴转动角度来实现压板对零件的夹紧和松开,一次可同时装夹3个零件,保证了大批量零件生产进度和加工质量,同时减轻了劳动强度,提高了工作效率。     

轴向楔紧式车夹具的设计与应用

以铝合金风叶为例,针对径向夹持薄壁零件完成车削并去除夹紧力后,往往因薄壁零件径向弹性变形的回复而失去车削精度,并导致车削件报废这一较普遍现象,介绍一种轴向夹紧工件的楔紧式车夹具,它不仅定位、夹紧可靠,装、拆工件方便、快捷,而且提高了生产效率和产品合格率.并可推广应用于同类薄壁零件的加工.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。