纳米TiO2薄膜的低温制备与光谱特性研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,采用改进溶胶-凝胶法,通过浸渍-提拉工艺在低温条件下制备了锐钛矿纳米TiO2薄膜。利用X射线衍射、紫外-可见光吸收光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱对所制备的TiO2薄膜的晶型结构和光谱特性进行了分析,并利用紫外光照降解亚甲基蓝溶液来评价所制备薄膜的光催化活性。结果表明:经过陈化和水浴处理后,钛酸丁酯完全水解,所得TiO2薄膜为锐钛矿结构,对紫外光表现出较强的吸收特性。低温水浴处理有利于提高薄膜的光催化活性。     

负载型TiO2光催化薄膜结构控制及光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢丝网上负载TiO2薄膜,通过SEM、XRD和TG-DTA对其进行表征.研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)分子量及添加量、水加入量、涂膜次数和煅烧温度等工艺条件对样品光催化降解甲醛性能的影响.结果表明,通过工艺条件控制可得具有较高光催化活性的负载型TiO2光催化薄膜.在钛酸丁酯乙醇溶液中添加适量PEG600和水,经反应制备的TiO2溶胶,涂膜于不锈钢丝网表面,450℃煅烧后获得具有中孔结构的TiO2混晶薄膜,该薄膜对甲醛光催化降解率达90%以上.     

射频磁控共溅射制备光催化Ag-TiO2薄膜

采用射频磁控共溅射法制备Ag-TiO2复合薄膜,通过控制Ag靶的溅射时间可调节Ag与TiO2的比例.所制备的Ag-TiO2薄膜为锐钛矿结构.通过紫外光照降解亚甲基蓝溶液和循环伏安法研究Ag-TiO2薄膜光催化及光电化学特性.实验结果表明:掺1.5% Ag的Ag-TiO2薄膜在紫外光照射下能增强亚甲基蓝溶液的降解并得到更大的光生电流.这种光催化的增强主要是由于光生电子-空穴对的复合被抑制的结果.     

TiO2-SiO2双组分膜结构与光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同Si／Ti比的TiO2-SiO2双组分膜．用紫外光照射亚甲基蓝的分解实验比较薄膜的光催化性能．通过XRD、FTIR、HRTEM、FE—SEM、AFM以及UV—VS—NIR分光光度计等分析手段对薄膜的结构和光学性能进行了表征．结果表明：适量SiO2的引入，显著提高了TiO2薄膜的光催化活性，Si／Ti比为0．2时薄膜的光催化活性为最佳．SiO2引入TiO2薄膜后，生成了Ti—O—Si玻璃相和无定形SiO2，这两种物相聚集在TiO2晶界周围，有效地阻止了TiO2的晶粒长大，提高了锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变温度，使复合薄膜经过500℃热处理后，只有锐钛矿相存在，有利于薄膜的光催化活性的提高．     

镁掺杂对二氧化钛晶化行为的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在较低的热处理温度下制备了镁掺杂的TiO2。通过差热分析（DTA）并经过计算，发现在TiO2溶胶中加入Mg（NO3）2，可以让TiO2从无定型到锐钛矿相和锐钛矿相到金红石相的晶型转变活化能分别从137．7和163．7kJ／mol降低到70．5和108．4kJ／mol；采用X射线衍射分析（XRD），确定了在600℃热处理，获得了具有锐钛矿相和金红石相混晶的镁掺杂TiO2；通过紫外光催化降解甲基橙水溶液实验，证明了镁掺杂的TiO2薄膜的光催化活性高于未掺杂TiO2薄膜。     

晶相可调TiO2多孔薄膜的低温制备及其性能

采用低温方法制备了金红石含量可调TiO2多孔薄膜,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、BET比表面积测量仪和透射电镜(TEM)对其进行了表征。以甲基橙(MO)为光催化反应的模型化合物,研究了TiO2多孔薄膜的光催化活性以及重复使用效果。结果表明:随金红石含量增加,TiO2薄膜的紫外光催化活性减小,而可见光催化活性增加;在金红石含量相近的条件下,水热合成TiO2薄膜的紫外和可见光催化活性均高于机械混合TiO2薄膜;TiO2薄膜的光催化重复使用性能良好。当其它实验条件相同时改变MO溶液的初始pH值,其最大降解效率发生在pH=3.00时。光电共同催化效果优于光催化。     

TiO2薄膜溅射工艺参数对其光催化性能的影响

利用中频交流反应磁控溅射方法制备TiO2薄膜光催化剂,研究了溅射工艺参数对薄膜光催化能力的影响.采用动态反应系统,紫外光源为TUV,降解对象为0.02 mmol/L亚甲基蓝溶液.结果发现:Ar/O2混合反应溅射在O2分压大于9%之后亦可制备出光催化能力与纯O2溅射相近的TiO2薄膜.TiO2薄膜厚度是影响其光催化降解能力的最敏感因素,800 nm以下TiO2薄膜降解能力基本与厚度成正比.TiO2薄膜在黑暗环境下长期放置,光催化性能会出现一定下降,但紫外光预照射可以使其有效恢复.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2粉体及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱物,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2粉体,并采用紫外分光光度计、XRD等表征手段对TiO2的粒度、晶型结构进行了表征,分析了煅烧温度、TiO2晶型比例、溶液初始pH值等因素对TiO2结构性能及光催化活性的影响.结果表明:TiO2的锐钛矿晶型与金红石晶型的转相温度为700 ℃左右;采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2时,控制溶液的pH值为4,煅烧温度为600 ℃,所得产物晶型全部为锐钛矿;当无水乙醇与钛酸丁酯的体积比为10:1时,产物的粒径为617 nm;且当配制溶液pH值为4,煅烧温度为600℃条件下,煅烧时间为40~60 min时,所制备TiO2的光催化效果较好,降解率较高;当光催化体系的pH值为9、以质量浓度为10 mg/L的亚甲基兰溶液浸泡2 h,TiO2的用量为0.25 g/L时,产物的降解率高达95.3%.     

热处理工艺对多孔TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响

以十八胺为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基体上制备了多孔TiO2薄膜,研究了热处理工艺对薄膜理化性质及光催化性能的影响。随煅烧温度和煅烧时间的增加,TiO2薄膜表面逐渐形成清晰的孔结构,晶粒尺寸增大。薄膜由锐钛矿型TiO2组成,Ti以Ti 4+的形式存在。制备的TiO2薄膜厚度在200nm左右,薄膜的UV-Vis透射率随煅烧温度的升高呈下降趋势,随煅烧时间的延长先下降而后又上升。多孔TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲基橙结果表明,随煅烧温度升高薄膜的光催化活性增加,在500℃煅烧2h制备的薄膜具有最佳的光催化活性。     

锐钛矿型二氧化钛薄膜制备及其光催化性能研究

在室温下采用直流磁控反应溅射法制备纳米TiO2薄膜,用XRD、XPS等手段对未退火及不同退火温度处理的薄膜进行了研究,以紫外灯为光源对亚甲基兰进行了光催化降解试验.结果表明:室温制备未退火的薄膜为非晶结构,400～500℃退火的薄膜为锐钛矿相结构.制备的锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜具有一定的光催化性能,在500℃退火2 h且厚度较大的薄膜光催化性能较好.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.