气门摇臂激光表面合金化工艺研究

采用正交试验 ,对激光表面合金化工艺参数进行了优化 ,分析了各工艺参数对气门摇臂合金化层质量的影响。研究表明 ,激光功率、扫描速度、离焦量和合金化粉涂层厚度等工艺参数对气门摇臂的合金化层厚度、搭接情况和表面状况等质量指标的影响不同 ;使用优化的激光工艺参数 ,对体积小、形状复杂的发动机气门摇臂工作圆弧面进行了激光表面合金化处理 ,获得的合金化层搭接较好 ,精磨后厚度在 0 4 0～ 0 6 0mm范围 ,表面硬度 >78HRA。     

45钢激光铬钼合金化工艺优化及性能研究

为提高45钢表面的硬度和耐磨性,采用激光合金化工艺,研究了铬钼合金化层的组织及性能。结果表明,45钢激光铬钼合金化的最佳工艺参数为激光功率3 kW、扫描速度800 mm/min、搭接率为30%。此工艺下合金化层由Fe-Cr、Fe-Mo等固溶体组成,其形貌为柱状晶和少量胞状晶,基体与合金化层呈冶金结合;铬钼合金化层平均硬度为674HV0.1,热影响区硬度从662HV0.1到230HV0.1呈梯度分布;合金化层的磨损率为2.230×10~(-14)m~3/(N·m)。     

45钢激光合金化铬钼硼组织结构及耐磨性研究

为了改善45钢表面的耐磨性能,采用CO2激光束在45钢表面进行铬钼硼合金化,以获得高耐磨性的合金复合涂层。利用SEM,XRD,EDS,HVS-1000显微维氏硬度计,MMS-2A型屏显式摩擦磨损试验机,对涂层组织结构与耐磨性进行了分析。结果表明,胞状晶是主要的合金层组织,并在胞状晶上弥散分布着通过原位合成而形成的高硬度合金碳化物,其中,合金层显微硬度最大值为860 HV,是基材的近3倍,其平均耐磨性也是基材的近3倍。     

GDL-1钢等离子表面合金化组织与耐磨性

采用高能等离子束在GDL-1钢基体表面预涂覆302合金粉末进行合金化表面改性。分析合金化层的成分、组织结构、硬度和耐磨性。结果表明:单道扫描合金化层以铁基固溶体为基体,均匀分布Fe_3C、Cr_7C_3、W_2C、WC、VC、MoC和Mo_2C等细小弥散碳化物;由表及里组织分别为细密的等轴晶与树枝晶混合组织,沿散热方向的树枝晶,胞状晶,从熔池表层到中心,树枝晶组织越来越粗化;多道搭接合金化层组织为粗大的树枝晶。合金化层的硬度在700~850 HV0.1之间,GDL-1钢耐磨性得到明显改善。     

40Cr钢激光表面加Ni60B合金化及其磨蚀性能研究

     对40Cr钢进行了表面加Ni60B粉末激光合金化处理.金相、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析,硬度测试和磨损与盐雾腐蚀实验的结果表明：合金化层的结构为熔化区、过渡区及热影响区;熔化区显微组织为胞状一树枝状晶,热影响区为极细的隐晶马氏体;激光合金化处理后的试样产生了新相Cr₂₃C₆和Cr₃C2,显微硬度Hk可达到8.6 GPa,比基体提高了近3倍;耐磨性与耐蚀性都比基体有明显提高.       

45钢激光表面合金化

为提高45钢的表面硬度,达到表面改性的目的,对表面镀镍的45钢进行了激光表面合金化,对合金化的表面进行了定性和定量分析.结果表明:合金化层组织为细小的枝晶,明显优于基体组织;合金化层平均硬度比基材提高3倍.     

45钢激光合金化铬钼硼的显微组织及抗蚀性能

为改善45钢制件表面耐腐蚀性,采用CO2激光在45钢表面合金化铬钼硼以获得高耐蚀性的合金复合涂层。采用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、SEM和多功能微机电化学分析仪对合金化层的显微组织及性能进行了研究。结果表明,合金元素与基材实现了良好的冶金结合。合金层组织主要是胞状晶,在晶粒和晶界上弥散分布着通过原位结合形成的高硬度碳化物。合金层的相成分为Fe–Cr、FeB2、CrB2、MoC、Fe3(C,Mo)及Fe3C等;在合金化层内部硬度最高为860 HV,比基材提高了将近3倍,合金化层在盐酸中的抗腐蚀性能也显著提高。     

奥氏体不锈钢堆焊层激光表面重熔组织及耐腐蚀性能

激光重熔表面热处理技术可提高零件表面获得高的硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性等,在化工和核电等行业有较好的应用前景,但国内对不锈钢堆焊层焊后表面热处理的研究较少。针对这一现状,对奥氏体不锈钢堆焊层表面进行激光重熔处理,观察其显微组织,并检测重熔表面显微硬度及耐腐蚀性。结果表明,激光重熔后表面显微组织呈细小的树枝-胞状晶奥氏体;激光重熔试样显微硬度大幅提高,较焊态试样提高87.6%;在9.8%的H2SO4溶液中,激光重熔表面处理后的堆焊层金属较易形成钝化膜,耐腐蚀性较好;10%草酸溶液电解试验中,焊态堆焊层金属晶间腐蚀敏感性较高,激光重熔区域为细小的奥氏体晶粒,不易形成连续的"贫铬区",激光重熔堆焊层金属的晶间腐蚀敏感性较小。     

等离子和激光表面合金化对灰铸铁组织性能的影响

采用等离子束和激光表面合金化对灰铸铁表面进行强化。利用三点弯曲试验测试合金化层抗弯性能,采用金相显微镜、显微硬度计、SEM和XRD等仪器对其微观组织、硬度断口形貌和相组成进行分析。研究结果表明:灰铸铁等离子束表面合金化层由奥氏体和莱氏体组成,而激光合金化层几乎全部为奥氏体。在相同功率密度下,采用等离子束表面合金化处理后的合金化层较厚;合金化层的硬度最大值均为次表面;Fe_3C和Cr_7C_3的存在使得等离子束合金化层的硬度比激光合金化层高;等离子束合金化层断裂方式为解理断裂,而激光合金化层为韧性断裂。     

Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn合金碳硅元素激光表面合金化涂层的显微组织及耐磨性能

采用HL-5000型横流CO2激光器在氩气保护情况下对预置石墨和硅混合粉末的β型Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn钛合金进行激光表面合金化处理,在合金表面原位生成碳、硅和钛的化合物改性层,并对其激光表面合金化改性层的显微组织和耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明,在激光功率1200 W、激光扫描速度6 mm/s、激光束斑直径5 mm条件下,得到表面平整、细密、无裂纹且与基体形成良好冶金结合的激光表面合金化改性层;改性层外表面主要由细小的TiC颗粒和等轴状Ti5Si3C1-x组成,而靠近基体的内表面层则由TiC枝晶相和共晶组织(Ti3SiC2+β-Ti)组成;改性层外表面硬度可达1262HV0.2,摩擦因数约为0.649,而基体的硬度约为225HV0.2,摩擦因数约为1.039;与基体合金相比,基体的表面合金化改性层表现出良好的耐磨性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。