The Fear-of-Intimacy Scale: Replication and extension.

Investigated the validity of the Fear-of-Intimacy Scale (FIS) with a middle-aged sample, using many of the same measures that C. J. Descutner and M. H. Thelen (1991) used previously with college students, and explored the dimensions of adult attachment as potential correlates of fear of intimacy. Data were obtained from 171 Ss (83 men, 88 women; aged 35–55 yrs) who had completed a battery of questionnaires containing the FIS and other measures of personality, behavior, and background data. The FIS showed high internal consistency, and evidence supporting its construct validity was replicated with several measures (e.g., significant correlations were found between the FIS and measures of self-disclosure, loneliness, and relationship satisfaction). Associations were obtained between fear of intimacy and the dimensions of attachment. After statistically controlling for trait anxiety, several significant associations between the FIS and other measures were upheld, and a few unpredicted associations became nonsignificant. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Factor analysis of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale based on a large normative sample.

Presents results of a factor analysis of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) using a stratified random sample of 9,583 elementary school children. Although the TRS is used primarily as a screening instrument for hyperactivity, previous factor analytic studies have tended to use small samples generally biased toward pathology. A revised factor structure is presented, with the aim of improving the utility of the TRS as a clinical screening instrument. The psychometric characteristics of the scale are evaluated via measures of internal consistency and random split-half analyses of the sample. Norms for composite factor scores, controlling for sex and age, are also presented. Contrary to earlier findings, a primary factor of Hyperactivity does emerge. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Union commitment: Replication and extension.

The union commitment measure developed by M. E. Gordon et al (1980) was administered to 426 nonprofessional and 334 professional members of a white-collar union. Four orthogonal factors were extracted: Union Loyalty, Responsibility to the Union, Willingness to Work for the Union, and Belief in Unionism. Factor comparisons both between the union of the present study and the union of the original study, and between professional and nonprofessional members within the same union, suggest that the factors developed by Gordon et al are consistent and generalizable across these populations. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Development of the Crisis Call Outcome Rating Scale.

We constructed a rating scale of caller behavior to be used as an outcome measure at a telephone hotline facility. Hotline volunteers supplied an initial pool of critical incidents, which described caller behavior that suggested whether or not a successful outcome had occurred. Psychology students used an initial version of the Crisis Call Outcome Rating Scale ({ccors}) to rate caller behavior on role-played audiotapes. Items that demonstrated respectable item–total correlations were retained for the final 26-item version of the {ccors}, which had an alpha coefficient of .95 and detected meaningful differences among audiotapes as indicated by analyses of variance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rating group therapist interventions: The validation of the Group Psychotherapy Intervention Rating Scale.

The present study seeks to establish the validity of the Group Psychotherapy Intervention Rating Scale (GPIRS), an observer-rated measure of the quality of group leader interventions. Concurrent validity was tested by comparing GPIRS results to 2 group gold standard process measures, the Hill Interaction Matrix and the Group Climate Questionnaire. Significant correlations between leader intervention scores and group member perceptions of group climate, as well as verbal interaction scores, were found. In addition, results indicated correlations between interventions aimed to gain balance between confrontation and warmth and member-rated levels of cohesion. Results lend support for the concurrent validity of the GPIRS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Meta-analysis of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale factor structure.

A meta-analysis (N=17,620; k=26) of factor analyses of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was conducted. Analysis of the 12 items from Overall et al.'s (J. E. Overall, L. E. Hollister, & P. Pichot, 1974) 4 subscales found support for his 4 subscales. Analysis of all 18 BPRS items found 4 components similar to those of Overall et al. In a 5-component solution, a 5th activation component emerged but was best supported among samples of schizophrenic patients. The first 4 components appear to form the core of the BPRS factor structure. Results of the meta-analysis suggest 5 subscales (with items in parentheses): Affect (anxiety, guilt, depression, somatic); Positive Symptoms (thought content, conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, grandiosity); Negative Symptoms (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, motor retardation); Resistance (hostility, uncooperativeness, suspiciousness); and Activation (excitement, tension, mannerisms-posturing). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

New scales for the Devereux Adolescent Behavior Rating Scale.

Five new scales for the Devereux Adolescent Behavior Rating Scale (DAB), measuring acting out behaviors, withdrawn/timid behaviors, psychotic behaviors, neurotic/dependent behaviors, and heterosexual interests, were developed using item-level factor analyses. These new scales were developed after two of the four higher order scales previously developed in a substance-abuse sample were not replicated in a psychiatric-inpatient and day-treatment sample. Internal consistency analyses indicated that the five new scales reliably assess behavior in a sample with diverse problems. The new scales were found to be substantially concordant with narrowband and broadband dimensions of adolescent psychopathology identified in previous studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Differential perceptions of counselor behavior: Replication and extension.

Conducted 2 studies with 141 undergraduates in an attempt to replicate and extend the 1976 findings of M. B. LaCrosse and A. Barak (1976). In both studies the Counselor Rating Form was shown to be sensitive to perceived differences among and within counselors of moderate and minimal levels of training/experience. In both studies a significant positive relationship was noted between perceived counselor expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness and willingness to refer oneself to the observed counselor for a variety of counseling problems. The provision of a common baseline for S judgment (Study 2) resulted in expertness ratings more consistent with actual counselor training/experience than those of Study 1. The implications of this latter finding for methodological improvements in counseling analog studies are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Preemployment predictors of union attitudes: Replication and extension.

Replicates and extends the J. Barling et al (see record 1992-07316-001) model of family socialization of union attitudes on the basis of data from 87 students and their parents. Students' union attitudes were predicted by students' Marxist work beliefs and their perceptions of parental union attitudes. Students' perceptions of parental union attitudes and participation were predicted from parents' self-reported attitudes and participation. Students' Marxist work beliefs were not related to parents' work beliefs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ego identity and intimacy status: Replication and extension.

Previous research has supported E. Erikson's (1968) theoretical proposition that advanced identity formation is associated with greater interpersonal intimacy. However, these studies have been criticized for using cross-sectional methods and/or male Ss exclusively. In this study, 28 male and 50 female undergraduates were randomly selected as participants in a 1-yr longitudinal project to assess the identity–intimacy relationship. An ego-identity interview and an intimacy interview were administered to measure Ss' statuses on the 2 psychosocial constructs. Data indicate that identity formation maintained a trend for time-lagged and concurrent associations with intimacy development. Occupational identity for males and religious identity for females were the most salient factors contributing to advanced intimacy status. The importance of sex differences in determining the specificity of the identity–intimacy relationship is discussed. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validation of the Minnesota Scale of Parental Occupations and a modification of the Werner Occupational Rating Scale.

The Minnesota and Warner scales were correlated with material and cultural possession criteria for a sample of 150 urban high school students and 150 rural students. The substantial but not high correlation between the scales and criteria is attributed to the present wide distribution of the criteria possessions in the population, so that they no longer act as adequate socioeconomic differentiators. The Warner scale seems to differentiate more adequately among agricultural occupations than the Minnesota scale. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessing alcoholic denial. Further examination of the Denial Rating Scale

The reliability, validity, and heuristic value of Goldsmith and Green's (J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 176:614-620, 1988) Denial Rating Scale (DRS) are examined in an inpatient treatment setting. This replication study includes 647 cases. The same strong relationship between clinical change and program completion as found by Goldsmith and Green is identified. An ordinal predictive validity for the DRS regarding program completion that was not found by Goldsmith and Green is also identified. Utility for improving patient treatment plans through DRS results is identified. The heuristic value of the DRS in helping an alcoholism counseling staff maintain treatment focus is discussed. It is recommended that treatment centers incorporate systematic assessment of denial over the course of treatment as a means to facilitate staff focus on the primacy of addiction.     

Factor structure of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in schizophrenia.

The authors report the results of a confirmatory factor analysis of symptoms assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) in a sample of 474 patients with schizophrenia, replicated in an independent sample of 327 patients. The most commonly used 5-factor solution for the BPRS fit the data poorly. Exploratory factor analyses performed on the first sample led to the specification of a 4-factor model that included Thought Disturbance, Anergia, Affect, and Disorganization. Confirmatory factor analyses on both samples indicated that the 4-factor model fit the data better than the previously proposed factor structure for the BPRS. Future research on the BPRS in schizophrenia should use the 4-factor model identified in this study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Neuropsychological impairment in female alcoholics: Replication and extension.

In 2 separate studies, female alcoholics (N?=?50) performed significantly poorer on 12 neuropsychological tests (e.g., the WAIS and the Bender-Gestalt Test) than female nonalcoholic controls (N?=?50). The pattern of deficit was consistent across studies and similar to that reported for male alcoholics: intact verbal skills but impaired nonverbal abstracting, visual-spatial, and problem-solving abilities. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reliability and validity of Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale.

The reliability and construct validity of the 5-item Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS) were evaluated in 2 studies. In Study 1, using a sample of 66,269 postmenopausal women, validity of the WHIIRS was assessed by examining its relationship to other measures known to be related to sleep quality. Reliability of the WHIIRS was estimated using a resampling approach; the mean alpha coefficient was .78. Test-retest reliability coefficients were .96 for same-day administration and .66 after a year or more. Correlations of the WHIIRS with the other measures were in the predicted directions. Study 2 used a sample of 459 women and compared the WHIIRS with objective indicators of sleep quality. Results showed that differences in the objective indicators could be detected by the WHIIRS. Findings suggest that a between-group mean difference of approximately 0.50 of a standard deviation on the WHIIRS may be clinically meaningful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Development and validation of a computer-administered version of the Hamilton Rating Scale.

Developed a computer-administered form of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), designed to provide a high degree of correspondence with the clinician interview version of the HAS. Both computer and clinician forms of the HAS were administered to 214 psychiatric outpatients and 78 community-based adults (all Ss aged 18–77 yrs). The computer-administered HAS demonstrated high internal consistency and test–retest reliability. A correlation of r(290)?=?.92, p?≤?.001, was found between the computer and the clinician versions. The mean score difference between versions was small but significant. In Ss with anxiety disorders the mean score difference between computer and clinician versions was not significant. Results support the reliability and validity of the computer-administered HAS as an alternative to the clinician-administered version of this measure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Moderators of the body dissatisfaction-eating disorder symptomatology relationship: Replication and extension.

In this study, research conducted by T. L. Tylka (2004) was replicated and extended by examining perfectionism (self-oriented and socially prescribed), ego goal orientation, body surveillance, and neuroticism as moderators of the relationship between body dissatisfaction and bulimic and anorexic symptomatology among female undergraduates (N = 398). Hierarchical moderated regression was used to test the main and interactive effects of the models and to control for physical size and social desirability. As expected, body dissatisfaction was strongly related to the measures of disordered eating, accounting for 16% to 26% of the variance. Two variables (neuroticism and body surveillance) received support as moderators of the relationships between body dissatisfaction and bulimic and anorexic symptoms. Ego goal orientation and socially prescribed perfectionism moderated the effects of body dissatisfaction on bulimic symptoms, whereas self-oriented perfectionism served as a moderator only for anorexic symptoms. In all instances, higher levels of body dissatisfaction paired with higher levels of the moderator were associated with more disturbed eating. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Longitudinal factor structure of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in schizophrenia.

The focus of this study was the invariance of the factor structure of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) over time. An initial sample of 193 individuals diagnosed with nonacute schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were administered the BPRS every 6 months over a 3-year period. Multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis was used to fit the 4-factor oblique model of Mueser, Curran, and McHugo (1997) to both the 16-item and 18-item version of the BPRS. The results show that the model was configurally invariant over time, but it was more invariant for the 16-item version. The findings suggest that the factors, Thought Disturbance, Anergia, Affect, and Disorganized, as measured by the BPRS are distinct symptom constructs that endure over at least a 3-year period, but the strength of their interrelationships varies. Implications for interpretation of change in observed scores over time are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sensitivity of the six-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

The B lymphoproliferative disorders are a major (10%) and severe (70% mortality) complication of immunosuppression required for HLA-mismatched bone marrow or organ transplantation. An experimental model was developed in which patients infected EBV-B cells are inoculated into scid mice and develop into tumors, allowing evaluation of treatment efficacy: monoclonal antibodies directed to membrane antigens of tumoral cells (monoclonal antibodies anti-B), monoclonal antibodies neutralizing interleukins (and especially IL6), cytotoxic T cells. Results obtained with these three different approaches are herein reported.