浸泡工艺对糙米发芽率的影响

以早籼稻为原料,研究了其糙米的浸泡工艺对其发芽率的影响。浸泡工艺因素选取用水量、浸泡温度、浸泡时间以及浸泡液添加剂。结果表明,浸泡时用水量为糙米质量的8倍以上适宜糙米发芽,吸水率在24%～29%;适宜发芽的浸泡温度和时间组合分别为35℃浸泡6h,30℃浸泡8h;浸泡温度与时间组合在30℃浸泡8～10h,此时发芽率最高;在浸泡液中添加赤霉素或Ca2+,当浸泡液中赤霉素浓度为0.1mmol/L时,糙米发芽率最高;当浸泡液中Ca2+浓度为1.0mmol/L时,糙米发芽率最高。同时还测定了糙米和发芽糙米中主要物质还原糖、总糖、蛋白质、γ-氨基丁酸含量,并进行对比。     

发芽条件及营养液对发芽糙米中γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响

以糙米为原料,研究浸泡温度和时间对糙米吸水率的影响,发芽温度和时间对糙米发芽率和GABA含量的影响,同时分析pH值及不同营养液对发芽糙米中GABA含量的影响。结果表明:30℃下浸泡10h吸水率达到22%左右;在30℃下发芽24h,糙米发芽率高且出芽整齐,且糙米GABA含量高达515.21μg/g。在营养液pH为5.5时,发芽糙米GABA含量可达1330.90μg/g,Ca2+浓度在0.15mmol/L时,GABA含量可高达586.24μg/g。磷酸吡哆醛(PLP)浓度在2.0mmol/L时,发芽糙米GABA的含量可达543.14μg/g。VB6浸泡液在1.5mmol/L时,发芽糙米GABA含量为566.61μg/g。谷氨酸钠浓度为2.00mg/mL时,GABA含量达590.01μg/g。可见控制发芽条件以及选择合适的营养液,能有效调节糙米富集GABA。     

硫酸锌溶液浸泡对红香糙米萌发、锌积累量及其他营养成分的影响

采用不同浓度硫酸锌溶液(0~250 mg/L)对红香糙米浸泡12 h,用二次水萌发24 h后,测定了红香糙米发芽率、锌积累量、GABA(γ-氨基丁酸)、蛋白质及维生素C含量。结果表明:(25~250 mg/L)硫酸锌浸泡条件下,发芽红香糙米对锌有着较高的积累量,与未发芽红香糙米相比,锌含量提高了355%~1225%,参考RDA锌日推荐摄入量,(25~100 mg/L)硫酸锌浸泡处理下的富锌发芽红香糙米即可满足人日锌摄入量要求;(0~250 mg/L)硫酸锌浸泡条件下,发芽红香糙米中营养成分GABA、蛋白质及维生素C含量与未发芽红香糙米相比,分别提高了134%~291%,9%~28%,131%~176%;(0~100 mg/L)硫酸锌范围内最适合红香糙米发芽、GABA的积累,100 mg/L硫酸锌处理下蛋白质、维生素C积累量达到最高;综合发芽率、锌膳食补充量及营养成分积累量,最适宜的硫酸锌浸泡浓度应为100 mg/L。     

粳糯糙米发芽工艺优化及发芽糙米品质分析

为优化粳糯糙米发芽工艺同时分析发芽糙米的理化特性，采用单因素试验及Box-Behnken组合设计研究谷氨酸钠浸泡液浓度、浸泡时间、浸泡温度、发芽时间、发芽温度对γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响。结果表明，最佳发芽条件为谷氨酸钠溶液浓度5 mg/mL、浸泡时间12 h、浸泡温度28℃、发芽时间26 h、发芽温度33℃，在此工艺条件下，γ-氨基丁酸含量为2.59 mg/g DW，是原糙米的2.92倍。同时发现：发芽糙米的吸水率和水溶性均显著提高(P<0.05)，糊化温度下降，总酚含量是未发芽糙米的3.31倍，总还原力与羟基自由基清除率分别是未发芽糙米的1.80和10.26倍。     

基于模糊数学综合感官评价的发芽糙米的工艺优化

为了进一步提高糙米的营养价值,将糙米进行发芽,采用单因素和正交实验,以发芽糙米的GABA含量、感官评分、质构、还原糖含量及色度为评价指标,基于模糊数学的评价方法评价发芽糙米的品质,确定了糙米的最优发芽工艺:浸泡时间为16 h、浸泡温度25℃、发芽时间26 h、发芽温度37℃,此时发芽糙米中GABA含量为149.79mg/100 g,是未发芽糙米的2.2倍,并研究了不同干燥工艺对发芽糙米品质的影响,确定真空冷冻干燥为最佳干燥工艺,能够最好保持发芽糙米的感官品质,此时发芽糙米中GABA含量约为171.62 mg/100 g,是未发芽糙米的2.52倍,其还原糖含量为2 389.94 mg/100 g,是未发芽糙米的2.80倍。     

富钙发芽糙米的研制

以不同种类、不同浓度的钙制剂浸泡糙米发芽,研究其对糙米富钙的影响。试验结果表明,不同种类、不同浓度钙制剂对发芽糙米富钙均有影响;质量分数3.0%的CaCl2溶液在30℃浸泡培养至芽长0.5～1.0mm,获得发芽糙米,其富钙效果是普通发芽糙米的8.11倍;用4%的活性钙在30℃浸泡培养至芽长0.5～1.0mm,获得发芽糙米,钙含量分别是糙米和普通发芽糙米的11.15倍和8.61倍。实验发现,活性钙在糙米发芽过程中有一定的抑菌作用,使生产工艺流程简化。     

富γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)金川发芽红糙米制备工艺

γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是一种天然存在非蛋白质的氨基酸,具有多种特殊的生理功能,在发芽糙米中含量较高。本试验以金川红糙米为原料,以GABA含量为研究对象,通过正交试验得到富集GABA的最佳红糙米发芽工艺条件为浸泡温度为25℃、浸泡时间2h、发芽时间为48h、发芽温度40℃、CaCl_2溶液浓度1mg/m L、纤维素酶溶液浓度0.64mg/m L、谷氨酸溶液浓度为1.5mmol/L。此时GABA含量可达到46.3436mg/100g,其结果约为发芽前的2倍。     

EDTA-CaNa_2对发芽糙米γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)及矿质元素(Ca、Zn、Cd、Pb)影响

该文报道研究一种既提高发芽糙米GABA富集量又减少重金属含量新方法。在糙米发芽前,采用EDTA–CaNa2溶液浸泡,当EDTA–CaNa2浓度为80μg/mL(Ca2+浓度约0.2 mmol/L)、浸泡时间为10.5 h时,可使发芽糙米GABA富集量提高42.4%,达到63.36 mg/100g;同时,EDTA–CaNa2溶液浸泡可促进糙米中镉、铅元素迁移溶出。所以,EDTA–CaNa2溶液浸泡不仅提高发芽糙米GABA富集量,且提高发芽糙米产品安全性,为发芽糙米产品加工提供新思路。     

青稞发芽糙米的生产工艺及其抗氧化活性的研究

以青稞糙米为原料,采用正交试验对其发芽的生产工艺进行优化,应用DPPH和ABTS实验对发芽后产物的抗氧化能力进行考察。对浸泡温度、浸泡时间、发芽温度、发芽时间、钙离子浓度进行单因素实验,在此基础上运用正交试验法,确定了发芽的最佳工艺条件:浸泡温度35℃、浸泡时间12h、发芽温度30℃、发芽时间20h、钙离子浓度1.0%。在此条件下进行3次验证实验,青稞发芽糙米中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量可达60.96mg/100g,而未经发芽的青稞糙米中GABA含量仅为34.02mg/100g。发芽后的青稞糙米抗氧化能力显著提高,且优于未经发芽的青稞糙米。     

富铬发芽糙米的研制

以不同浓度的三氯化铬水溶液浸泡糙米并培养发芽，研究糙米的富铬效果。结果表明，铬浓度对糙米的发芽及其铬含量有影响。80mg/kg的铬溶液浸泡糙米12h，35℃恒温培养至芽长0．5～1．0mm可获得富铬发芽糙米。其总铬和有机铬的含量分别约是普通发芽糙米的4倍和11倍。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press