聚醚/聚酯型亲水性聚氨酯防水透湿性能研究

以4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为硬单体,制备了6组聚醚与聚酯或不同聚醚混合单体为软链段的嵌段型亲水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂。研究了聚氨酯材料的微结构和软段结构对其防水、透湿性能的影响。结果表明,亲水性聚氨酯软链段的结构、组成、相对分子质量和含量及软、硬段相区间的微相分离程度对材料防水透湿性能的影响较大,亲水性聚氨酯的防水透湿性能主要取决于其中亲水性软链段的亲水性及其活动性。     

防水透湿涂层织物发展及应用

防水透湿织物在许多应用领域中使用十分广泛。该文介绍了目前防水透湿涂层织物发展概况、防水透湿涂层材料及防水透湿涂层织物在防护服装中的应用。随着科技的发展,采用具有调节记忆功能的聚氨酯膜制造的透湿织物,显示出巨大的市场活力。     

水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂的合成与性能

选择聚酯和聚醚混合二元醇,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为主要原料,三乙胺(TEA)为中和剂,合成水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂乳液。讨论了R值,DMPA用量,聚酯聚醚比例对乳液稳定性,乳液粘度和粒径,薄膜的力学性能以及对织物防水透湿性的影响。优化的防水透湿涂层剂的合成工艺为:聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇摩尔涂层的织物的透湿量可到达4500g/(m2×24h),静水压可达到5.6kpa。     

防水透湿涂层织物的测试分析

随着社会发展,防水透湿织物越来越受到重视。本文介绍了防水透湿涂层织物原理,常见涂布方法,通过测试防水透湿涂层织物的静电压、透湿性、防水性能,满足织物要求,防水透湿织物具有广阔的前景,是未来发展的趋势。     

水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂的合成与应用

选择聚酯和聚醚混合二元醇,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),三乙胺(TEA)为主要原料,合成水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂乳液。讨论了R值,DMPA用量,聚酯聚醚比例对薄膜吸水率和织物防水透湿性的影响。优化的防水透湿涂层剂的合成工艺为:聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇摩尔比=2/1,DMPA3.0%,R=1.9。经聚氨酯乳液涂层的织物的透湿量可到达4500g/(m2×24h),接触角可达137°。     

纳米杂化SiO2织物防水涂层研究

以含氢硅油(PHMS)、十六烯(HDE)和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)为原料,通过硅氢化加成反应制得长碳链/烷氧基共改性硅油(PHV)。用红外光谱(FTIR)对PHV进行结构表征。采用γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)、氨基改性纳米硅溶胶和PHV依次对棉织物进行处理,制备防水涂层。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了涂层的膜微观形貌,用静态接触角测量仪、白度仪和柔软度仪测定了织物应用性能。结果表明,整理后织物表面存在大量疏水杂化纳米微突体,随PHV用量的增加,织物的柔软度降低,白度的变化较小,织物表面水的静态接触角达到142.1°,有较好的防水性。     

形状记忆聚氨酯结构与性能研究进展

分析了影响形状记忆聚氨酯(SMPU)性能的主要因素,综述了SMPU硬段与软段的结构改性、交联改性、复合改性以及防水透湿性能改进等的国内外最新研究进展。     

水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂的应用工艺探讨

本文在织物上涂层自制的水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂,研究了其应用工艺。讨论了测试温度,水性次数,聚氨酯乳液的用量,交联剂的用量,焙烘温度,焙烘时间对织物的防水透湿性的影响,最终确定水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂的应用工艺为PU用量100g/L,交联剂用量15ml,焙烘温度160℃,焙烘时间为3min。     

端羧基聚硅氧烷(FRCAS)的合成及性能研究

本文先通过D4、MM、D3F和氨基硅烷等的本体聚合反应制备含氨基及三氟丙基的系列聚硅氧烷(FRASO),然后在催化剂作用下,使聚硅氧烷侧链氨基与马来酸酐作用,将羧基引入聚硅氧烷侧链制得新型羧基改性聚硅氧烷(FRCAS)。用非离子表面活性剂T-99对FRASO及FRCAS进行乳化,并分别将其用于织物整理中。用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、核磁共振仪1H-NMR、Zeta电位仪等仪器对产物结构及乳液物化性能进行表征和测试。结果表明:FRASO、FRCAS与预先设计的分子结构一致。FRCAS乳液平均粒径为101.5 nm,粒径分布窄。Zeta电位为-43.6 mV,乳液稳定性强。织物经整理后,柔软度和白度均有所提高,具有一定的疏水性,FRCAS处理过的织物疏水性明显低于FRASO处理过的织物。     

国外涂层加工和涂层剂的发展

近年来,织物的涂层整理技术在国外已发展成为一比较完整的加工体系。涂层剂和涂层添加剂已经形成系列化产品。涂层加工是在织物上涂上均匀的涂层剂薄膜,纤维之间的空隙以树脂充填,形成了新的织物表面,不仅改善了织物的服用性能和外观,并能赋予织物以防水、遮光、防风、保暖、透气和透湿等其它性能,另外,在涂层剂     

不同致孔剂对聚氨酯微孔膜通透性能的影响

以聚乙二醇、改性纤维素、尿素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和木粉作为聚氨酯微孔膜的致孔剂。通过对聚氨酯微孔膜的透湿性能、力学性能、吸湿性能、孔隙率以及扫描电镜等表征手段分析表明,加入致孔剂后聚氨酯微孔膜的透湿性能、吸湿性能、孔隙率和手感等都有显著的提高和改善。聚氨酯微孔膜的透湿量、吸湿率和孔隙率最高分别达到1876.81g.mm/(m2.24h)、180%和7.55%,分别比未加致孔剂的聚氨酯微孔膜提高了315%、350%和358%。聚乙二醇、尿素和木粉具有优良的致孔性能。     

环氧树脂的氨基硅油改性研究

利用氨基硅油对环氧树脂胶粘剂体系进行了改性,分析了氨基硅油与环氧树脂共聚反应温度、反应时间、环氧树脂与氨基硅油的配比、氨基硅油的氨值和黏度对改性胶粘剂力学性能的影响。结果发现,氨基硅油改性的环氧树脂其韧性大幅度提高。     

Effect of hyperbranched poly(citric polyethylene glycol) with various polyethylene glycol chain lengths on starch plasticization and retrogradation

A series of hyperbranched poly(citric polyethylene glycol) (PCPEG) materials with varied polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain lengths as plasticizers were mixed with maize starch (MS) via cooking and film‐forming. The structure, pasting property, plasticization, aging property, moisture absorption and compatibility of plasticized starches were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, rapid viscosity analysis, tension testing, moisture absorption measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with PEG and citric acid, PCPEG was more effective in promoting starch chain movement and inhibiting the retrogradation of starch film. Also, PCPEG/MS had smaller moisture content. The longer the plasticizer chain, the better were the aging resistance and moisture resistance of starch. But with an increase of PEG chain length, mechanical properties of PCPEG/MS deteriorated and the compatibility between PCPEG and MS decreased. The hyperbranched derivative of PEG with longer chain exhibited improved plasticization and compatibility with starch. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚氨酯/环氧树脂共混聚合物的合成及其低表面能的研究

以2，4-甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚醚二元醇为主要原料制得-NCO封端的预聚体，再辅以适当的端基稳定剂得到相应的聚氨酯预聚物（PPU），并按一定比例和环氧树脂E-5l混合均匀；另用氨乙基氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷（D4）合成一系列不同相对分子质量的氨基聚硅氧烷，利用多元胺作固化剂，合成一系列氨基聚硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯／环氧共混聚合物。测试了材料的力学性能、吸水率，并用表面水接触角对其表面能进行表征，同时对材料进行了表面电子能谱（ESCA）分析。结果表明：氨基聚硅氧烷／聚氨酯／环氧共混聚合物具有良好的疏水性能和很低的表面能，同时具有较好的力学性能。     

Improvement of surface and moisture resistance of epoxy resins with fluorinated glycidyl ether

Laurylfluoro glycidyl ether (FGE) was synthesized by laurylfluoro‐1‐pentanol with epichlorohydrin, and confirmed by FTIR and ¹³C‐NMR. The surface properties, moisture absorption, and mechanical properties of the epoxy resins modified by different content of laurylfluoro glycidyl ether acted as mono functional thinner were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), universal testing machine (UTM), dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA), etc. The fluorine content at the surface of the modified resins were enriched greatly with the increase of the content of laurylfluoro glycidyl ether, and the hydrophobic property of the resins surface increased. When the FGE content was 10%, the fluorine content at the surface of the modified epoxy resin reached to 66% and the water contact angle was 102°. The equilibrium moisture content of the resin dropped by 30% when the content of FGE was 5%. The mechanical properties of the epoxy resins modified by FGE were improved while the thermal mechanical properties changed little at low content of FGE (less than 3%). Further increase of FGE content in the epoxy resins may result in decreases of the mechanical and thermal mechanical properties of the resins. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Alkoxysilane Functionalized Polyurethane/Polysiloxane Copolymers: Synthesis and the Effect of End-Capping Agent

Summary A series of moisture curable polyurethane/polysiloxane (PUSR) copolymers with different end-capping agents were prepared based on amine terminated polysiloxane (PDMS), poly-1,4-butylene adipate glycol (PBA), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogarvimetric (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface contact angle and stress–strain measurement. Compared with conventional moisture curable PU the PUSR copolymer showed the better thermal stability and surface properties due to the forming of Si-O-Si crosslinking network and the enrichment of siloxane chains on the surface of films , and the tensile strength was not obviously damaged. DMTA results suggested that micro-phase separation was formed in the PUSR copolymer. It was found that the PUSR copolymer with mixed alkoxysilanes as end-capping agents showed better compromised properties than that with single alkoxysilane.     

丙烯酰胺接枝海藻酸纤维的耐碱性研究

采用等离子体处理接枝共聚的方法对海藻酸纤维表面接枝丙烯酰胺,以改善纤维的耐碱性,利用红外吸收光谱和扫描电镜对改性纤维进行表征;探讨了等离子体处理纤维的工艺条件,研究了改性纤维的吸湿性和力学性能。结果表明:海藻酸纤维表面已接枝上丙烯酰胺;等离子体处理和接枝反应最佳工艺条件为:放电功率100 W,放电时间4 min,丙烯酰胺质量分数40%,接枝时间60 min。改性后的纤维碱溶解率为0.23%,吸湿性没有显著变化,但断裂强度提高。     

Mechanical properties and morphology of poly(ethylene glycol)‐side‐chain‐modified bismaleimide polymer

Two maleimido‐end‐capped poly(ethylene glycol) (m‐PEG)‐modified bismaleimide (BMI) resins [4,4′‐bismaleimido diphenylmethane (BDM)] were synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of two different molecular weights. A series of m‐PEGs and unmodified BDM were blended and thermally cured. The effect of incorporating m‐PEG side chains on the morphology and mechanical behaviors of BMI polymer were evaluated. The mechanical properties of these m‐PEG‐modified BMIs that were evaluated included flexural modulus, flexural strength, strain at break, fracture toughness, and fracture energy. The morphology of these blends was studied with scanning electron microscopy. All the m‐PEG‐modified BMI polymers showed various degrees of phase separation depending on the molecular weights and concentrations of the m‐PEG used. The effects of these morphological changes in the m‐PEG‐modified BMI polymers were reflected by the improved fracture toughness and strain at break. However, there was a reduction in the flexural moduli in all m‐PEG‐modified BMI polymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 715–724, 2002     

接枝改性腈纶织物亲水性能的研究

利用等离子体辐照引发聚丙烯腈纤维大分子,进行反相微乳液接枝聚合,在腈纶织物上接枝季胺盐类单体(F单体),以改善腈纶织物的亲水性能,借助红外光谱和扫描电镜对改性腈纶进行表征,探讨了改性腈纶织物的吸水性、回潮率、透气性及力学性能与其接枝率的关系。结果表明:F单体已接枝到腈纶织物上,接枝率和回潮率呈线性关系;当接枝率为20%左右时,回潮率达到约7%;当接枝率小于20%时,对腈纶织物透气性影响较小;随着接枝率的增加,腈纶织物的抗弯刚度减小,断裂强力和伸长有所增加。     

柔性环氧树脂的制备及其性能研究

通过在环氧树脂（EP）的侧链接枝柔性的聚丙二醇（PPG）制备了具有较高断裂伸长率的柔性EP。利用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）中2个异氰酸酯（—NCO）基团的不同活性,首先在二月桂酸二丁基锡的催化作用下将IPDI引入EP,制备出带有NCO侧基的EP;然后再与不同相对分子质量的聚丙二醇（PPG400,PPG1000,PPG2000）进行反应,得到了具有不同长度柔性侧链的改性环氧树脂（PPG-g-EP）;使用聚醚胺（D400）作为固化剂,采用万能试验机测试固化树脂的力学性能。结果表明,柔性侧链的引入可以有效地降低材料的模量,提高其断裂伸长率,其中PPG2000改性EP的断裂伸长率最高可以达到98 %。