聚（3-羟基丁酸和4-羟基丁酸酯）共聚物性能研究

对生物可降解聚（3-羟基丁酸和4-羟基丁酸酯）共聚物[Poly（3HB-co-4HB）]进行研究。3-羟基丁酸和4-羟基丁酸酯共聚物大大改变了聚3-羟基丁酸酯（PHB）均聚物的缺点，通过一系列物理实验方法证明，随着4-羟基丁酯酯（4HB）含量增加，熔体流动速率由20．7g／10min降低至8．9g／10min，而黏度增加1．8倍，熔融温区增宽20℃，结晶度由11．57%减小到50%，球晶消失。拉伸强度由13．5MPa降低至7．9MPa，断裂伸长率由796％增加至1020％不断裂，柔韧性增加。玻璃化转变温度由-7．29℃升高至-3．17℃。对原料下游制品的开发有广泛的应用价值。     

聚3-羟基丁酸酯4-羟基丁酸酯性能研究

概述了聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)类生物塑料的发展过程,分析了聚3-羟基丁酸酯4-羟基丁酸酯(P34HB)的结构、综合性能、加工特性,详细介绍了P34HB的改性方法。结果表明:P34HB是新一代优异的生物塑料,通过改性,其力学性能与聚丙烯和聚乙烯相近,可以在传统塑料加工设备上加工成型。但对P34HB的研发及应用还需做大量工作。     

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)研究进展

介绍了生物可降解材料聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)(P(3HB-co-4HB))的性能及特点;综述了针对P(3HB-co-4HB)加工温度窄、脆性大、成本高等缺点而进行的增塑改性、扩链改性、共混改性的技术进展以及P(3HB-co-4HB)纺丝成纤技术;阐述了利用P(3HB-co-4HB)可塑性、生物降解性和生物相容性等在医疗领域的应用情况及发展前景;指出P(3HB-co-4HB)的研究将集中在其材料加工流动性、结晶性能的改善及其纤维加工技术与纤维表面整理技术等方面。     

聚羟基丁酸己酸酯对聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯结晶性能的影响

采用溶液浇铸法制备了生物可降解聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯（PHBV）和聚羟基丁酸己酸酯（PHBHHx）共混物,用差示扫描量热仪和偏光显微镜研究了PHBHHx对PHBV热性能与结晶性能的影响。结果表明,PHBV和PHBHHx之间存在一定的相互作用,PHBV的冷结晶温度随PHBHHx含量的增加向高温方向移动;PHBV/PHBHHx共混物的结晶呈环带球晶现象,随PHBHHx含量的提高,环带球晶逐渐变得规整、清晰,且带宽逐渐减小。     

聚羟基丁酸酯改性研究进展

综述了近年来国内外生物降解材料聚羟基丁酸酯（PHB）改性研究的进展，主要包括PHB与羟基戊酸酯（HV）的共聚改性、PHB与顺丁烯二酸酐（MA）等的接枝改性，以及PHB与聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）、淀粉等的共混改性，并从力学性能、结晶情况、热稳定性和亲水性等方面考察了它们对PHB的影响。最后指出了PHB将来的研究方向。     

生物塑料聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)改性研究

文章介绍了生物塑料聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)(P3/4HB)的性能;综述了针对P3/4HB加工成型温度窄、产品脆性大、应用成本高等缺点而进行的物理改性、化学改性等技术进展;提出了对P3/4HB发展过程中需要解决的问题;同时指出P3/4HB的研究将集中在其材料结晶性能、加工流动性改善的发展方向。     

聚羟基丁酸酯的化学合成及生物降解性

提出了3 羟基丁酸乙酯本体聚合制备聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的工艺,设计了一套制备PHB的试验装置,确定了反应的试验方案。试验结果表明:在一定的反应时间范围内,随反应系统的压力降低及反应时间的延长,产物的摩尔质量逐步升高。还对化学法合成和生物发酵制备的PHB进行了生物降解性研究,确定了假单胞杆菌为降解PHB的主要菌类,化学合成的PHB可以被土壤中的细菌完全降解。     

聚羟基丁酸酯在生物医用材料中的应用

聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)是原核微生物在碳、氮营养失衡的情况下,作为碳源和能源贮存在生物体内的一类热塑性聚醋。简要介绍了生物可降解聚合物聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的合成,重点评述了PHB在生物医学材料中的研究进展。     

微生物合成聚β—羟基丁酸酯性能研究

用差热扫描仪（DSC）、热失重（TG）、红外光谱研究了材料的热性能,流变性能和分子结构。结果表明,材料是高结晶聚合物,结晶度达80％,熔点180℃左右,在37－59℃之间有多个转变峰,分解温度282．7℃,材料为假塑性流体,加工温度较宽。     

生物塑料聚羟基丁酸酯的改性进展

综述了聚羟基丁酸酯的物理和化学改性的研究进展。评述了改性方法和产物的性能,认为反应性共混是改善非相容PHB共混体系相容性的较好方法;大单体反应改性、反应性共混、互穿网络等领域的研究代表了PHB改性工作新的发展方向。     

聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸类材料的合成及应用

介绍了丙交酯与环氧乙烷开环共聚合、丙交酯与聚乙二醇(PEG)开环共聚合，以及在其基础上的扩链3种主要的聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸(PELA)合成方法，并概括了各种PELA合成材料的性能与应用。为了得到功能化和亲水性理想的聚乳酸类生物降解高分子，聚乳酸树脂的PEG改性合成T作越来越引人注目。以PEG、乳酸等为原料，通过简单易行的直接聚合法合成PELA类材料，降低PELA类材料的成本，是未来研究的重要方向。     

生物降解塑料聚乳酸的合成、应用和市场前景

简要介绍了聚乳酸的一般合成方法，性能，应用，着重介绍聚乳酸在医药和医疗领域中的应用和世界范围内的市场发展概况。     

Synthesis,properties, and applications of polylactic acid-based polymers

Polylactic acid (PLA) is known as one of the greatest promising bioabsorbable and compostable polyesters with the capability of high molecular weight synthesis. Lactic acid condensation, azeotropic dehydration, and condensation ring-open polymerize of lactide are three methods for PLA polymerization. Comprehension of material properties is critical for choosing the right processing method and adjusting PLA characteristics. A variety of mechanical properties of this material, from soft and elastic to stiff and high strength makes PLA suitable for a wide range of applications. Besides, PLA can be blended or copolymerized with other polymeric or non-polymeric substances. Thus, this polymer can achieve suitable chemical, mechanical, and rheological properties. Understanding the role of these properties and selecting a suitable processing technique is necessary for its intended consumer and various applications. This study elaborated a general summary of the polymerization, processing, and characteristics of PLA (i.e., structural diversities, rheological performances, mechanical properties, and permeability). Besides, this work presented some information regarding essential factors that can be used for modifying PLA properties to address the requirements for various applications such as biomedical, food packing, biocomposite, and additive manufacturing.     

Enhanced Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate Using Enterococcus faecium KT722772 Isolated from Cattle Rumen Fluid by Substrates Optimization

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-producing Enterococcus faecium KT722772 was isolated from cattle rumen fluid by Sudan black staining. It was found to be gram-positive cocci. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production using E. faecium KT722772 was optimized at different pH ranging from 2 to 7 and with different substrates such as glucose, butyric acid, propionic acid, sodium acetate, and glycerol as a sole carbon source at a concentration ranging from 0 to 4%. Maximum poly 3-hydroxy butyrate production (1.8?g/L) was achieved with 1% butyric acid at pH 7. Poly 3-hydroxy butyrate produced by E. faecium was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable and charged salen‐based polymers

The goal of this study was to synthesize novel biodegradable charged polymers for medical applications. The polymers synthesized were metal‐coordinated salicylidene‐based copolymers. The linear copolymers were prepared by polycondensation of the metal‐coordinated salicylidene monomer with acyl or aryl dichloride. Structure analysis was carried out by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. Physicochemical evaluation was carried out using DSC and thermogravimetry. The surface properties were analyzed by contact angle measurements and the crystallinity was determined by polarizing microscopy and AFM. Finally, polymer electrical conductivity and biocompatibility were examined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2568–2577, 2006     

Relationship between thermal properties,morphology, and crystallinity of nanocomposites based on polyhydroxybutyrate

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has a significant instability at temperature close to the melting point. The aim of this work was to improve the thermal resistance of PHB by the addition of small amounts of two different types of clays: Cloisite® Na⁺ (CNa⁺) and Cloisite® 15A (C15A). C15A has more hydrophobic character and interlayer distance than CNa⁺. It was observed that the addition of the organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) increased by more than 15°C the thermal resistance of the PHB while the addition of CNa⁺ reduced it. This result was related to the different morphology of the final materials. The maximum in the degradation temperature of the nanocomposites with 4% of clay was in accordance with the maximum in the percentage of crystallinity. However, the interlayer gallery distance of the C15A was higher than the CNa⁺ in the PHB matrix, according to the better thermal stability of the C15A due to the higher barrier effect and the lower chain mobility. A slight increase in the Young modulus of the polymer was observed with the addition of C15A, due to the compatibility between the MMT and PHB. The calorimetric and microscopy results showed that clays did not accelerate the formation of PHB spherulites nucleus, but the lamellar velocity was accelerated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

可生物降解脂肪族聚酰胺酯的合成与表征

应用改进的酰胺二元醇路线一步合成了可生物降解脂肪族聚酰胺酯，对合成条件及合成原理进行了探讨，利用傅里叶变换红外光谱，核磁共振氢谱，差示扫描量热法、广角X射线衍射仪对聚合物的性能进行了表征。     

Organic acids catalyzed polymerization of ε‐caprolactone: Synthesis and characterization

Environmentally friendly organocatalytic synthesis of aliphatic polyesters was studied. The catalysis investigated is novel, and lends itself well to the potential production of valuable biodegradable products. The reactions were based on an organic acids‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone with fatty acid derivatives as the initiator and were performed in the absence of solvents. The chemical structures of the functionalized polymers were confirmed by ¹H and ¹³C‐NMR spectra. Polymers with different molecular weights, in the range 10,900–15,200 were obtained in the presence of fumaric acid as catalyst. The thermal properties of the functionalized PCLs were determined by modulated differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The MDSC results verified that the crystallinity and the melting point of the lipid‐functionalized polymers were lower than that of the unfunctionalized poly(ε‐caprolactone). The hydrolytic degradation of the functionalized polymer was also investigated. The result shows the degradation rate was affected by the presence of oleic acid derivatives in the polymer molecule. The lipid‐functionalized polymers synthesized by the metal‐free polymerization systems seem to be suitable biodegradable polyesters for use in biomedical and pharmacological applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

可生物降解聚膦腈的合成研究进展

在简要介绍可生物降解聚膦腈分类的基础上,综述了氨基取代、烃氧基取代、多官能团亲核试剂取代和侧链衍生化合成的单一取代聚膦腈的合成研究进展,总结了合成混合取代聚膦腈的目的和方法,简述了影响混合取代聚膦腈合成反应的因素和共混或共聚聚膦腈的合成研究概况。     

Synthesis and properties of hydrophilic polymers. IX. Synthesis,biodegradability, and metal complexation of copolymers of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride and lactose

The synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid‐co‐lactose) with pendant carboxylic groups of high molar mass (132 kg mol^?1) is described. The polycondensate was hydrolytically and microbiologically degradable with conventional microbiological methods. The metal‐complexing properties of the polyester were studied for Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Sr(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Al(III) ions in aqueous solution with the liquid‐phase polymer‐based retention (LPR) method. In addition, the complexing capacity of the Cu(II)‐saturated copolymer was determined by thermogravimetric analysis to be 182 mg g^?1 of polymer. According to the retention profiles determined as a function of the filtration factor with LPR in conjunction with inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, Cr(III) and Fe(III) showed a strong interaction with this polymer under these conditions, as indicated by retention values of about 100% at pH 5. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 650–657, 2003