CAPP中规划工序的新方法

本文首先论述了在半创成式ＣＡＰＰ系统中应用机械加工工艺知识和概率论知识生成工艺框架的理论，在茈基础上推出了工艺框架生成的实用方法，然后介绍了如何利用工艺框架规划工序的过程，并给出了用ＴｕｒｂｏＰｒｏｌｏｇ实现的谓词在实际系统中应用的实例。     

ISG轻度混合动力电机机体缸盖的加工工艺

本文以ISG混合动力电机机体缸盖的加工实现,展现了从设计到加工模拟实现的整个过程。文中主要说明了零件的加工工艺的制定和优化,围绕着实体产品的加工进程进行论述,尤其突出利用Unigraphics NX6.0虚拟三维软件对形状复杂的铝合金薄壁件缸盖进行造型、加工工艺、工装的设计,以及对加工过程中切削用量优化的过程,并最终将整个加工过程以三维虚拟加工方式加以检验和校正。     

虚拟加工环境中标准化通信的研究与实现

通过在虚拟加工环境中实现基于MMS（制造报文规范）的标准化通令系统,探讨了虚拟制造平台实现网络集成的方法。介绍了MMS协议的内容,提出了系统的总体框架,并详细描述了基于MMS协议的通信支持系统与虚拟设备相连的服务接口系统的实现方法、框架结构和程序执行流程。     

车顶天窗框架废料利用研究及应用

目的 研究汽车车顶天窗框架冲压零件中间废料的利用方法,以减少浪费,降低车身成本。方法 在产品设计、工艺规划及模具开发阶段,借助冲压成形虚拟分析软件,分析零件的成形性和可利用废料的大小,选取合适的零件,合理利用窗框废料并设计开发模具。结果 利用废料同步成形及废料回收再利用这两种天窗框架废料再利用方式均能实现应用,并取得了良好的经济效益。结论 通过冲压同步工程,可以在产品开发和工艺规划时,选择合适的产品,利用好天窗框架废料,实现精益设计和精益制造,满足降低成本的要求。     

基于Unity 3D与自然手势交互的车辆虚拟拆装实验系统

传统的车辆虚拟拆装仿真技术,存在实操感差、交互灵活性低的问题。鉴于此,本文提出了基于自然手势交互的汽车虚拟拆装实验系统和方法框架。通过Leap Motion手势识别,构建了车辆拆装虚拟仿真实验平台,提供了发动机拆装、整车拆装、传动系统拆装、制动系统拆装和转向系统拆装模块,实现了拆装过程的仿真和评价。与传统的车辆虚拟拆装方法相比,基于自然手势交互的虚拟拆装方法具有交互性和沉浸性更强的优点,能够最大程度地模拟现场车辆拆装过程,避免实践场地、时间不足的问题。     

面向限制水域USV协同运动规划的两层优化方法

在动态海洋环境中对多无人水面航行器(USV)进行运动规划是提高任务效率和实现运动目标的重要要求。当前研究结合了智能路径规划和虚拟目标路径2种方法,实现多USV在受限海洋环境中协同导航。当前研究运用限制安全距离A*方法生成一条最优路径,然后利用样条平滑该曲线,作为基于虚拟目标的多主体导航框架的最优轨迹输入,实现为多USV导航。     

虚拟现实技术与虚拟校园的研究与实践——以潍坊学院虚拟校园建设为例

虚拟现实技术为基础的虚拟校园研究是数字化校园建设的重要内容。以潍坊学院的实景校园为研究对象,采用具有针对性的三维建模和渲染技术,构建逼真的校园环境。建立了虚拟校园的结构框架及功能模块。结合虚拟现实技术、多媒体技术和网络技术构建了虚拟校园系统,实现了虚拟校园交互式导航与网络发布和运行。     

面向网络实验教学的虚拟协同装配技术研究

基于网络实验教学环境下对虚拟协同装配提出的不同需求,分析了其与面向设计的协同装配实现技术之间在定义、目的等方面存在的差异,提出了面向网络教学下虚拟协同装配的概念,并界定了其内涵及实现时需要考虑的因素。研究了支持协同装配的虚拟模型实验室的搭建、虚拟协同装配的语义信息表达模型和装配过程中干涉检测的方法,提出了网络协同虚拟装配实验平台体系的架构方法,并就系统的功能实现、虚拟协同装配执行过程进行了阐述,最后以柱塞泵示例了解系统的初步实现情况。     

应用VRML技术的脉冲爆震发动机虚拟实验系统开发

在脉冲爆震发动机的教学科研中,迫切需要开发一个演示系统结构与运行过程的虚拟实验室系统。以VRML虚拟现实技术为平台和UG三维实体建模为单元,构建了具有交互功能的脉冲爆震发动机虚拟动态实验系统,实现了脉冲爆震发动机的虚拟拆卸与装配以及脉冲爆震发动机系统的虚拟运行。该虚拟实验系统避免了实际试验过程的危险性和涉密性等问题,具备远程教学科研的演示功能。     

网络虚拟校园三维建模方法研究与实现

对构建虚拟校园的三维建模方法做了系统研究和比较,提出了基于VRML技术,结合AutoCAD和3DSMAX的构建虚拟校园的方法。在建模过程中,对场景及不同格式的文件进行了优化,实现了在网络中对虚拟校园的交互浏览。该方法在某大学虚拟校园构建时得到了验证。     

虚拟MEMS加工工艺建模、实现与系统验证

利用虚拟现实技术对MEMS加工工艺进行仿真,并将其引入设计环节,最终可以解决MEMS生产中设计与加工脱节的问题。MEMS加工工艺的核心是工艺模型。首先,在深入分析单步MEMS加工工艺的基础上给出了规则描述的工艺模型,其次,利用专家系统技术实现了系统。进一步用一种全新的器件微流量泵的工艺设计和虚拟加工过程验证了系统的可扩充性。     

UG集成环境下数控机床虚拟样机的实现

数控机床是一种重要的技术装备。为提高数控机床的设计水平和能力,在数控机床的设计开发过程中需要引入新的技术和设计手段。为把虚拟样机技术应用到数控机床设计开发的工程实践中,基于虚拟样机的概念讨论了数控机床虚拟样机的具体实现过程,分析比较了实现该过程的分布式软件平台和UG集成软件平台的特点。以数控铣床新产品开发为例,研究了UG集成环境下数控机床虚拟样机的构建与仿真过程,包括数字模型与装配、运动仿真、结构分析以及在虚拟样机上的加工仿真,给出了相应的示例。研究表明,应用UG的各功能模块可以有效地构建数控机床的虚拟样机并对其进行全面的仿真,使所设计的数控机床得到全面优化,为数控机床的开发设计提供了一种可行的先进方法。     

Crystallization of fibres inside a matrix: a new way of fabrication of composites

Fibrous composites are normally fabricated by inserting premade fibres into a matrix and trying to tailor mechanical or physical properties of the material by a proper choice of fibre arrangement, fibre volume fraction, structure and properties of interface, etc. As a rule, this method satisfies all the needs fairly well. But in many cases, particularly when heat-resistant composites are involved, it leads to complications which cause composite experts to refrain from being involved in technically very attractive projects. So the need for alternative methods of composite fabrication obviously exists. The process described here is an example of such an alternative. It is based on the fibres growing from the melt within the volume of the matrix. The matrix should have prefabricated continuous cylindrical channels to be filled with the melt of the fibre material. The process is described using as a model a composite with a molybdenum matrix and single crystalline sapphire fibres. It is shown that the productivity of oxide fibre fabrication based on the process described can be some orders of magnitude higher than that based on the well known Czochralsky's and Stepanov's methods. The strength of the single-crystalline sapphire fibres obtained has been studied, as well as the high-temperature creep strength of composites containing such fibres. Some of the results of these experiments are reported here.     

投射式虚拟现实的原理与实现及其在机器人控制中的应用

论述了投射式虚拟现实的原理，着重讨论投射式虚拟现实的实现方法，分析了投射式虚拟现实当前所面临的问题，主要研究方向及解决办法，最后给出了投射式虚拟现实的一些实际应用。     

Novel AR-based interface for human-robot interaction and visualization

Intuitive and efficient interfaces for humanrobot interaction(HRI) have been a challenging issue in robotics as it is essential for the prevalence of robots supporting humans in key areas of activities.This paper presents a novel augmented reality(AR) based interface to facilitate human-virtual robot interaction.A number of human-virtual robot interaction methods have been formulated and implemented with respect to the various types of operations needed in different robotic applications.A EucUdean distance-based method is developed to assist the users in the interaction with the virtual robot and the spatial entities in an AR environment.A monitor-based visualization mode is adopted as it enables the users to perceive the virtual contents associated with different interaction methods,and the virtual content augmented in the real environment is informative and useful to the users during their interaction with the virtual robot.Case researches are presented to demonstrate the successful implementation of the AR-based HRI interface in planning robot pick-and-place operations and path following operations.     

Modelling, analysis, and acceleration of a printed circuit board fabrication process

Product design and fabrication constitute an important business activity in any manufacturing firm. Designing an optimized product fabrication process is an important problem in itself and is of significant practical and research interest. In this paper, we look into a printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication process and investigate ways in which the fabrication cycle time can be minimized. Single class queueing networks constitute the modelling framework for our study. The model developed in this paper and the analysis experiments carried out are based on extensive data collected on a PCB fabrication company located in Bangalore, India. This is a representative PCB fabrication company involving multiple, concurrent fabrication works with contention for human/technical resources. Our model seeks to capture faithfully the flow of the fabrication process in this company and such other organisations, using queueing networks. Using the model developed, we explore how the cycle times can be reduced using input control, load balancing, and variability reduction. The model presented is sufficiently generic and conceptual; its scope extends beyond that of a PCB fabrication organization.     

基于Arduino平台的交互原型设计研究

目的探索基于Arduino平台的交互原型设计和实现方法。方法首先简要介绍交互原型设计和Arduino平台。然后总结基于Arduino平台的交互原型设计和实现的一般流程,是软硬件结合的全过程,依次为需求分析和用户分析、系统设计(包括设计原理分析、硬件部分设计和软件部分设计)、系统实现(包括硬件连接、软件编程和包装设计与制作)、系统评价和迭代。最后通过两个案例详细阐述该流程,这两个案例不同于传统智能产品,更强调环境感知的创新设计。其中,VR交互手套采用低廉的硬件实现了三维空间鼠标,达到人与环境交互的目的;PM2.5感知器不仅将空气中的PM2.5可视化,而且还能与用户互动。结果总结了基于Arduino平台的交互原型设计的一般流程,通过两个案例将该流程细化实施。结论鉴于Arduino低成本、开放性、与传感器连接容易等特点,适合交互原型的设计,这里总结设计和开发的软硬件全过程,使读者可以初步掌握基于Arduino平台进行交互原型设计的基本能力。     

Multicrystalline Silicon for Solar Cells: Process Development by Numerical Simulation

Continuously improving crystallization conditions and solar cell processes have lead to steadily increasing efficiencies of solar cells based on multicrystalline silicon. There is, however, still an efficiency gap between mono‐ and multicrystalline silicon amounting to 1–2 % (absolute) depending on the cell process used. Topographies of the local solar cell performance clearly reveal that the main contribution to this efficiency gap is due to recombination‐active dislocations present in multicrystalline silicon. A further improvement of the efficiencies attainable with multicrystalline solar cells therefore is achievable by a reduction of the dislocation density. Dislocations originate from thermal stress that originates from temperature gradients inside a multicrystalline ingot during crystallization and cooling. In order to reduce this thermal stress and consequently the dislocation density we employ a numerical simulation routine, the so‐called virtual crystallization furnace, for perfect control of the temperature distribution during the entire ingot fabrication process.