金港地下污水处理厂工程建设及设计特点

金港污水处理厂采用A2/O+MBR工艺处理金港镇污水,出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准。该污水处理厂是一座规模较大的全地下式污水处理厂,工艺先进、构筑物及设备选型合理、自动化程度高。     

南通开发区污水处理厂二、三期工程的设计及运行比较

南通开发区污水处理厂二、三期工程的设计规模分别为3.0×10<'4>m<'3>/d和4.8×10<'4>m<'3>/d,都采用改进型SBR(CAST)工艺,出水水质都执行<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB18918-2002)的一级B标准.三期工程的设计中借鉴了二期工程的设计经验,对构筑物的设计参数、有关构筑物布置及一些设备的安装方式进行了优化,可为相关工程提供借鉴与参考.     

姜堰市城区污水处理厂的设计与运行

详细介绍了姜堰市城区污水处理厂一期工程采用CAST污水脱氮除磷处理工艺的工艺流程,各处理单元的设计参数及主要处理构筑物、设备等,并分析了运行效果,提出建议,为相关水处理工程提供经验。     

大丰市城北污水处理厂二期调试运行

江苏省大丰市城北污水处理厂建设规模为3万m^3/d，分两期建成。一、二期均采用CAST处理工艺，污泥处理采用不经消化的带式脱水工艺。主要叙述各工艺构筑物的设备配置、功能、设计参数及二期工程的调试运行情况。     

某市第一污水厂工艺改造工程实例

针对某市污水处理厂工艺改造,在原有污水处理构筑物上增加JS-BC装置,使污水处理厂出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级标准的A标准排放。介绍JS-BC新型污水处理装置、改造以后工艺流程及增添的设备。     

CASS处理城市污水工程实例

介绍了云南丽江污水处理厂的工艺流程,各构筑物和主要设备的参数。该工艺采用CASS处理城市污水,具有能耗省、脱N除P、工艺简单的特点,且出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)中的一级标准的B标准。     

节能型半地下污水厂多段多级AO工艺设计及调试运行

大连某污水处理厂设计规模为12×10~4m~3/d,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准。生物处理采用多段多级AO工艺,多点进水充分利用碳源,强化除磷脱氮效果,厌氧区、缺氧区采用水力混合节省能耗。深度处理采用上向流悬浮滤料滤池工艺,利用自过滤水重力反冲洗,无需反冲洗水泵及反冲洗风机等设备。构筑物采用半地下式结构,顶部加盖覆土绿化。污水厂既有地下式污水厂的优美环境,又具有地上式污水厂操作管理的便捷。介绍了主要构筑物的设计参数及工艺特点,并对调试运行过程中出现的问题提出了相应措施。     

高密度沉淀池/转盘滤池用于乌海污水处理厂深度处理

为提升出水水质,乌海污水处理厂采用以高密度沉淀池/转盘滤池为主体的深度处理工艺。介绍了该污水厂深度处理工艺流程、各主体构筑物的设计参数和配套设备的相关情况。实际运行结果表明,出水水质稳定达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(》GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准。     

诸城市昌城镇污水处理厂改造工程设计

诸城市昌城镇污水处理厂原采用速分池工艺,出水水质执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准。由于进水水质水量不稳定、屠宰废水增多以及深度处理构筑物的运行不正常,造成出水水质不能达标,尤其是TN、植物油指标,故需要对污水处理厂进行改造。在充分利用原有设施和设备的基础上,采用倒置A2/O工艺对原有设计进行改造,并增加调节水质和去除油类的处理构筑物,运行效果良好。详细介绍了工程的改造目的、改造内容和改造成果。     

CAST工艺在严寒地区市政污水处理中的应用

佳木斯市某污水处理厂采用CAST工艺,介绍了其设计、调试和工程实际运行情况,实际运行出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的二级标准,表明CAST工艺应用于严寒地区的污水处理是可行的。     

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in sewage treatment plants

In this study, the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the biological units of various full-scale municipal sewage treatment plants were measured. Samples of influent, primary effluent, aeration tank effluent, final effluent and grab samples of primary, activated, secondary and anaerobically digested sludge were collected by 5 sampling events over one year. The two sewage treatment plants (STPs) selected for this study include plant A receiving 95% domestic wastewater and plant B receiving 60% industrial wastewater and 40% domestic wastewater. PFOS and PFOA were observed at higher concentration in aqueous and sludge samples in plant B than that of plant A. Mass flow of PFOS increased significantly (mean 94.6%) in conventional activated sludge process (CAS) of plant B, while it remained consistent after the secondary treatment in plant A. Mass flow of PFOA increased 41.6% (mean) in CAS of plants A and B and 76.6% in membrane biological reactor (MBR), while it remained unchanged after the treatment of liquid treatment module (LTM). Our results suggest that mass flow of these two compounds remains consistent after treatment of activated sludge process operating at short sludge retention time (SRT). Seasonal variations of PFOS in concentrations of raw sewage were found in plant A, while PFOA did not have significant seasonal variation in both plants A and B.     

啤酒污泥用作城市污水厂种泥的试验研究

为考察啤酒厂污水处理站的脱水污泥（简称啤酒污泥）用作城市污水厂接种污泥的可行性，摸索污泥的培养与驯化规律，采用连续操作、全流量同步培养和驯化方法，在处理能力为500m^2／d的UNITANK池中对啤酒污泥进行了培养和驯化。试验结果表明，啤酒污泥完全可以作为城市污水处理厂的接种污泥使用，而且培养时间短，出水水质好。曝气0．5h、厌氧搅拌1h时，活性污泥增长最快。将DO控制在2mg／L左右有利于活性污泥的增长；当DO长时间在7mg／L以上时，污泥浓度下降趋势明显。污泥浓度达到2000mg／L所需的培养驯化时间仅为5d；使出水水质达到一级B标准所需的培养时间约为6d。这种培养、驯化方法和经验可为其他城市污水处理厂的建设和运行提供参考。     

污水厂出水SS偏高问题研究及措施

研究了上海某A/B/C活性污泥工艺污水处理厂出水SS偏高的问题,对影响出水SS的主要影响因素进行了综合分析,并提出了工艺调整措施,在实际运行中取得了较好的效果。     

微波加热对污泥肥效和卫生指标的影响

污泥经微波辐照处理后，氮、磷、有机质的含量有所降低，但仍是很好的有机肥原料；污泥的卫生学指标能达到控制标准的要求；污泥机械脱水时加入絮凝剂（PAM）的分子质量也明显降低，有利于污泥的农用化。设计制作了一台大型试验装置，在污水处理厂的现场试验结果与实验室的试验结果是一致的。     

改良氧化沟工艺的活性污泥异常问题及对策

针对采用改良氧化沟工艺的城市污水处理厂运行一年多来发生的化学泡沫、腐化浮泥、反硝化浮泥和老化漂泥等问题，分析了其各自产生的原因，并给出了解决方法。认为反硝化浮泥和老化漂泥是该厂易出现的污泥异常问题，可通过控制排泥量、污泥负荷和曝气量等运行参数加以预防控制。     

Direct quantification of bacterial biomass in influent, effluent and activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants by using flow cytometry

A rapid multi-step procedure, potentially amenable to automation, was proposed for quantifying viable and active bacterial cells, estimating their biovolume using flow cytometry (FCM) and to calculate their biomass within the main stages of a wastewater treatment plant: raw wastewater, settled wastewater, activated sludge and effluent. Fluorescent staining of bacteria using SYBR-Green I + Propidium Iodide (to discriminate cell integrity or permeabilisation) and BCECF-AM (to identify enzymatic activity) was applied to count bacterial cells by FCM. A recently developed specific procedure was applied to convert Forward Angle Light Scatter measured by FCM into the corresponding bacterial biovolume. This conversion permits the calculation of the viable and active bacterial biomass in wastewater, activated sludge and effluent, expressed as Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) or particulate Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Viable bacterial biomass represented only a small part of particulate COD in raw wastewater (4.8 ± 2.4%), settled wastewater (10.7 ± 3.1%), activated sludge (11.1 ± 2.1%) and effluent (3.2 ± 2.2%). Active bacterial biomass counted for a percentage of 30-47% of the viable bacterial biomass within the stages of the wastewater treatment plant.     

城市污水厂污泥处置技术分析及福州市污泥处置的思考

本文对城市污水厂污泥处理处置主要技术进行分析,并阐述了国外污泥处置技术发展趋势,提出了污泥处理处置工作急需解决的问题。结合当前的污泥处置技术发展趋势,通过对福州市污水厂污泥处置现状及存在问题分析,提出了福州市今后的污泥处置技术路线:将厌氧消化做为有效减容、减量的手段,对污染物指标达到国家土地利用标准的污泥考虑土地利用,污染物指标不符合国家土地利用标准的污泥考虑焚烧和建材利用。     

Micro-profiles of activated sludge floc determined using microelectrodes

The microbial activity within activated sludge floc is a key factor in the performance of the activated sludge process. In this study, the microenvironment of activated sludge flocs from two wastewater treatment plants (Mill Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant and Muddy Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, with aeration tank influent CODs of 60-120 and 15-35 mg/L, respectively) were studied by using microelectrodes. Due to microbial oxygen utilization, the aerobic region in the activated sludge floc was limited to the surface layer (0.1-0.2mm) of the sludge aggregate at the Mill Creek plant. The presence of an anoxic zone inside the sludge floc under aerobic conditions was confirmed in this study. When the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the bulk liquid was higher than 4.0mg/L, the anoxic zone inside the activated sludge floc disappeared, which is helpful for biodegradation. At the Muddy Creek plant, with its lower wastewater pollutant concentrations, the redox potential and DO inside the sludge aggregates were higher than those at the Mill Creek plant. The contaminant concentration in the bulk wastewater correlates with the oxygen utilization rate, which directly influences the oxygen penetration inside the activated sludge floc, and results in redox potential changes within the floc. The measured microprofiles revealed the continuous decrease of nitrate concentration inside the activated sludge floc, even though significant nitrification was observed in the bulk wastewater. The oxygen consumption and nitrification rate analyses reveal that the increase of ammonia flux under aerobic conditions correlates with nitrification. Due to the metabolic mechanisms of the microorganisms in activated sludge floc, which varies from one treatment plant to another, the oxygen flux inside the sludge floc changes accordingly.     

污泥消毒技术的应用及进展

污泥是污水处理过程中产生的固体物质,不仅含有大量的有机质和N、P、K等营养元素,同时还含有大量细菌、病毒及寄生虫,需进行消毒处理后才能处置,但其消毒副产物会引起生态环境的负面效应。安全、可靠的消毒技术成为近年来污泥处理研究的热点。介绍了目前污泥消毒技术的应用及进展,并指出了今后的发展方向。     

Dynamic experiments with high bisphenol-A concentrations modelled with an ASM model extended to include a separate XOC degrading microorganism

The perspective of this work is to develop a model, which can be used to better understand and optimize wastewater treatment plants that are able to remove xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) in combination with removal of traditional pollutants. Results from dynamic experiments conducted with the endocrine disrupting XOC bisphenol-A (BPA) in an activated sludge process with real wastewater were used to hypothesize an ASM-based process model including aerobic growth of a specific BPA-degrading microorganism and sorption of BPA to sludge. A parameter estimation method was developed, which simultaneously utilizes steady-state background concentrations and dynamic step response data, as well as conceptual simplifications of the plant configuration. Validation results show that biodegradation of BPA is sensitive to operational conditions before and during the experiment and that the proposed model structure is capable of capturing important characteristics of the observed BPA removal, thus increasing the potential for generalizing knowledge obtained from plant specific experiments.