3.2 Mt/a加氢处理装置节能分析与实施

根据中国石化青岛炼油化工有限责任公司3.20 Mt/a加氢处理装置满负荷标定数据进行装置能耗分析,结合装置的生产实际情况,指出装置节能降耗的方向。通过采用先进的技术、优化操作条件、增上技改技措项目和加强管理等措施,提高装置的管理水平,降低了装置能耗,2009年装置能耗累计值为293.44 MJ/t,比2008年下降了34.2％,2010年装置能耗累计值为 198.13 MJ/t,比2009年下降了32.4％,刷新了中国石化同类装置能耗记录,同时也为新建加氢装置或老装置改造提供了节能思路。     

石油沥青专利

一种改性沥青加工成套设备 本实用新型涉及一种改性沥青加工成套设备。它包括集合在集装箱架体内的基质沥青供给装置、导热油加热温控装置、预混装置、混炼装置,还包括集装箱架体外的改性剂添加装置及电气控制装置;基质沥青供给装置包括管道、输入泵、流量计及阀门,混炼装置包括管道、混进泵、混炼机、输出泵及阀门,预混装置包括反应釜,     

浅议炼油企业装置成本核算与控制

装置成本核算的加强正是成本费用观念渗透到生产环节的具体体现.装置成本核算,是以生产装置为单位,对炼油企业的全部加工成本按装置进行归集,同时通过平行结转分步法计算各装置完全成本[1].核算结果作为各装置纵向比较、同类型装置横向比较的数据基础,进而衡量不同装置的操作及管理水平,找出问题和不足,提供决策依据.     

芳烃装置余热蒸汽透平压缩机节能应用

随着石油化工企业在节能环保上越来越重视,芳烃装置大量低温余热的回收利用成为了芳烃装置在节能环保上的探索方向。近年新建芳烃装置做了大量优化,使装置能耗有所降低,装置竞争力也不断提高。国内某新建芳烃装置首次采用了低温余热发生0.45 MPa蒸汽驱动异构化循环氢压缩机方案,优化装置余热蒸汽流程,提高装置余热蒸汽的利用率,进一步降低芳烃装置的能耗。     

重油催化裂化与苯乙烯装置的热联合节能

针对重油催化裂化装置热能过剩和苯乙烯装置高耗能的状况,分析了该联合装置的各自用能,提出了重油催化裂化与苯乙烯装置热联合的节能设想。通过合理的技术改造回收重油催化装置的过剩热并以蒸汽供热形式来满足苯乙烯装置所需用能,不仅解决重油催化裂化装置的取热瓶颈问题,降低炼油装置综合能耗,而且基本解决苯乙烯装置所需蒸汽消耗,优化了苯乙烯的生产成本,节能增效成果显著。生产运行表明,两装置热联合改造实施后,重油催化装置增产3.5 MPa的蒸汽11 t/h,而且有3.5 MPa的蒸汽26.5 t/h和1.0 MPa的蒸汽16.5 t/h作为动力源得到梯级利用,使炼油装置能耗降低291.82 MJ/t,联合装置节能增效2 507.201×104RMB$。     

上流式反应器技术的应用

介绍了世界上第一套上流式反应器 (UFR)技术在齐鲁石油化工公司胜利炼油厂渣油加氢脱硫 (VRDS)装置的生产运行情况。结果表明 :UFR作为减压渣油脱硫装置的预处理装置可以极大地优化VRDS装置的运转 ,降低装置运转的苛刻度 ,有效地延长装置运转周期 ,提高装置的经济效益     

哈尔滨石化新液态烃精制装置建成

4月9日,哈尔滨石化公司双脱主体装置——年产10万吨干气、年产35万吨液态烃精制装置建成。这两套装置的建成将解决哈尔滨石化干气脱硫、液态烃脱硫醇装置无备用的问题,为下游气分装置、甲乙酮装置和聚丙烯装置等化工装置提供硫含量更低的干气、液化气等原料。     

硫磺回收装置处理汽油吸附脱硫再生烟气试运总结

中国石化镇海炼化分公司2套70 kt/a硫磺回收装置于2010年2月处理汽油吸附脱硫(S Zorb)装置再生烟气,经过5个月的试运,2套硫磺回收装置运行工况正常。从S Zorb装置再生烟气进硫磺回收装置流程及控制、硫磺回收装置引烟气操作及装置工况变化、S Zorb装置再生烟气组分波动情况、处理该烟气对硫磺回收装置能耗影响、硫磺回收装置烟气二氧化硫排放情况等方面介绍了硫磺回收装置处理S Zorb再生烟气试运情况。     

加氢裂化装置高压换热器管束腐蚀原因分析

加氢裂化装置用氢主要来源于制氢和重整两个装置,两装置来氢有着各自的特点:制氢装置来氢相对比较干净,重整装置来氢中含有一定量的氯离子。加氢裂化装置大量使用奥氏体不锈钢,在含氯离子的介质中可能会被腐蚀。某加氢裂化装置高压换热器壳程不锈钢换热管表面出现大量的腐蚀坑,根据装置的改造情况、换热管表面腐蚀情况等得出该换热管腐蚀原因为装置改制氢装置来氢为重整装置来氢。重整装置来氢中氯离子含量超标,在一定的条件下腐蚀设备。为了控制腐蚀,可以通过改善脱氯效果、改变工艺、材料升级以及在介质中添加缓释剂等方法。     

Zeus发展公司统计的天然气转化项目

<正>由于天然气价格持续偏低,国外天然气转化项目较多。Zeus发展公司最近统计的43个天然气转化项目,包括5个直接还原铁装置,13个化肥装置,12个甲醇装置,5个甲醇制汽油装置,4个费托合成油装置,2个合成气制汽油装置,2个合成气制乙醇装置和1个甲醇制二甲醚装置。其中中小规模项目超过大型项目。     

The Use of Microscopic Bitumen Froth Morphology for the Identification of Problem Oil Sand Ores

Abstract

Oil sand, which is found in various deposits around the world, consists mostly of sand, surrounded by up to 18 wt% bitumen. The largest deposits known are situated in northern Alberta, Canada, where reserves of bitumen are estimated to be 1.7 trillion barrels. Bitumen is similar to heavy oil, but with much higher viscosity and density. The two main commercial oil sand operations in Alberta are surface mines and use aqueous flotation of the bitumen to separate it from the rest of the oil sand. Under optimal conditions up to 95% of the bitumen can be recovered, but occasionally ores are mined that create problems in extraction, and recovery can drop to 70% or less. This article discusses the microscopic morphologies of various bitumen and heavy oil streams and their relationship to processing problems. The results of extensive microscopic work have demonstrated that the bitumen in an oil sand ore is the phase most susceptible to oxidation and that the resulting changes manifest themselves in particular microscopic structures. The presence and type of these structures can be related to the processing behavior of oil sand ores. Morphological features found in froths from commercial operations are similar to those found in froths from laboratory-prepared samples. The morphological features found in froths of oxidized ores have been categorized and quantified for a variety of samples and are referred to as degraded bitumen structures. Experiments in which fresh oil sand ores were subjected to low-temperature oxidation showed that bitumen froth morphology changed dramatically compared to that of nonoxidized ores for identical bulk compositions and extraction water chemistries.     

The Use of Microscopic Bitumen Froth Morphology for the Identification of Problem Oil Sand Ores

Oil sand, which is found in various deposits around the world, consists mostly of sand, surrounded by up to 18 wt% bitumen. The largest deposits known are situated in northern Alberta, Canada, where reserves of bitumen are estimated to be 1.7 trillion barrels. Bitumen is similar to heavy oil, but with much higher viscosity and density. The two main commercial oil sand operations in Alberta are surface mines and use aqueous flotation of the bitumen to separate it from the rest of the oil sand. Under optimal conditions up to 95% of the bitumen can be recovered, but occasionally ores are mined that create problems in extraction, and recovery can drop to 70% or less. This article discusses the microscopic morphologies of various bitumen and heavy oil streams and their relationship to processing problems. The results of extensive microscopic work have demonstrated that the bitumen in an oil sand ore is the phase most susceptible to oxidation and that the resulting changes manifest themselves in particular microscopic structures. The presence and type of these structures can be related to the processing behavior of oil sand ores. Morphological features found in froths from commercial operations are similar to those found in froths from laboratory-prepared samples. The morphological features found in froths of oxidized ores have been categorized and quantified for a variety of samples and are referred to as degraded bitumen structures. Experiments in which fresh oil sand ores were subjected to low-temperature oxidation showed that bitumen froth morphology changed dramatically compared to that of nonoxidized ores for identical bulk compositions and extraction water chemistries.     

内蒙古图牧吉油砂流化热转化反应规律

 在小型流化热转化实验装置上,考察了内蒙古图牧吉油砂的流化热转化反应规律。得到最佳的反应条件为反应温度490℃、反应时间5 min、水/油质量比0.4、热载体/油砂质量比2。在此最优操作条件下,液体产品收率达到79.87%, 轻油收率达到26.59%。随着图牧吉油砂流化热转化反应温度的升高,干气、液化气及汽油产率增加,这主要来自于重油的二次裂化。热转化后的液体产品相对于油砂沥青,残炭、微量金属含量及黏度都有大幅度的降低,同时馏程得到很大改善,有助于后续的加工利用。     

热油激励技术在套保油田稠油排砂冷采中的应用

在采用排砂冷采工艺开发套保油田稠油过程中,形成了热油激励油层维护油井正常生产技术。该技术是向油层加入一定量的热油,利用热油的冲击作用破坏蚯蚓洞自然桥堵,使砂砾顺利流入井底;利用热油的热量解除沥青吸附造成的桥堵,扩大近井地带蚯蚓洞直径,提高油井近井地带的渗流能力,以利于蚯蚓洞的继续延伸。通过现场试验,确定了热油激励参数。该技术已成为套保油田排砂冷采、规模开发的最有效的日常维护生产措施。     

辽河油区油井射孔防砂技术及发展方向探讨

介绍了辽河油区筛管防砂、分层防砂、机械压裂防砂、化学高温压裂防砂、人工井壁防砂、纤维防砂等典型油井射孔防砂技术。分析了该油区油井射孔防砂技术的现状及发展方向,目前已形成5种枪型,高、中、低3种参数的系列化防砂产品,适用于不同油藏状况。截至2009年底,已在辽河油田出砂较严重区块施工330口井,增油30×104t,防砂成功率94.5%,防砂成功井地面测试油井含砂量〈0.03%,实现了射孔技术与防砂技术的结合。该技术施工程序简单,防砂生产效果好,是出砂油田高效开发的一条新途径。     

基于EMD的稠油油井出砂信号特征识别

在进行基于振动的稠油油井出砂监测试验中,为更好地识别出砂信号,提高信噪比,准确建立出砂参数与出砂信号间的关系,将经验模态分解(EMD)应用到出砂信号的特征提取中。采用EMD方法将出砂信号分解成固有模态分量,并通过峭度分析和能量分析,在这些分量中得到包含出砂振动信号特征的3个IMF分量。通过对IMF分量进行频域分析,得到出砂信号频域范围。通过室内出砂监测试验,验证了EMD方法对出砂信号特征识别的有效性,为现场出砂监测信号处理提供了一种新的思路。     

新型潜油电泵防砂防垢吸入口的研究应用

针对中原油田矿化度高、出砂量大的开采现状,设计了潜油电泵防砂防垢吸入口,作为电动潜油泵提液系统的辅助设备,对井液先通过滤网防砂管工艺装置进行砂粒过滤,同时通过高强磁防垢器进行磁化处理,使矿化物分子结构改变,结垢缓解。解决了多砂和矿物质结垢而造成的泵卡及泵结垢等技术难题,现场应用效果良好。     

Characteristics and Evaluation of Extremely Shallow Oil Sand in a Heavy Oil Reservoir

Oil in extremely shallow layers gains more attention worldwide as oil price declines. Oil sand is abundant in shallow layers of Chunfeng Oilfield, from 0 m outcrop to 500 m depth. Most cores are so loose that they cannot effectively subject to experiment. To this effect, some special measures are taken to evaluate oil sand, including thermal property analysis, seepage flow analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. It is found that NMR and thermal properties are new and effective measures to evaluate oil sand in heavy oil reservoirs. Useful properties such as thermal and seepage properties and flushing efficiency are analyzed in this study. These oil sands are found to possess not only superb physical properties, but also excellent thermal conductivity, which is advantageous for common steam drives and steam-assisted gravity drainage. The experiments also prove that even after a lengthy time of steam drive, oil saturation still remains high. Extremely shallow oil sand shows very favorable potential. Thorough analysis and evaluation of oil sand characteristics benefit exploration and development as well as further study of basic petroleum energy theories.     

螺杆泵举升技术在稠油排砂冷采中的应用

排砂冷采是一项新的稠油开采方式,除要求特定的地质条件外,在举升工艺上要求采用具有高携砂性能的螺杆泵。通过在套保油田多口井应用该工艺,总结出具体设计这种螺杆泵技术参数的方法,即泵排量、转速、扬程和地面驱动功率,同时阐述了如何配套油管、油杆、锚定器和定位销等井下工具。根据总结设计方法,在开发40多口井现场应用后,其举升工艺基本满足了排砂冷采需要。     

塔河油田阿克亚苏三叠系下油组沉积演化与油气关系

塔河油田阿克亚苏三叠系下油组为厚层的上泥下砂的良好储盖组合,主要发育缓斜坡浅水辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖沉积,三角洲平原亚相上的辫状河道、心滩和前缘亚相的河口坝构成了下油组的主砂体。实际勘探表明,厚层块状的河道砂体、河口坝往往是地下水层的主要载体,油气主要产于顶部的薄层心滩砂体内,形成上油下水的局部低幅度次生油气藏。究其原因,首先是沿断裂运移来的油气主要聚集在上部的上油组和中油组的河道砂体中,下油组充注程度不高;其次是下油组连通性很强的河道砂体网络发育,造成油气容易运移输送,而不易聚集成藏,只有在低幅构造上发育的心滩尖灭砂体内才能形成油气聚集,加之运移距离远,形成零星发育的低幅构造—岩性油气藏。因此,确定心滩砂体的分布范围和低幅构造的叠合关系,弄清连通河道砂与断裂的时空匹配关系等因素,才是阿克亚苏三叠系下油组进一步勘探的关键。