基于纹理描述的花纹板缺陷检测

提出一种基于保相位变换(PHOT)的纹理抑制方法对花纹板表面进行处理,抑制规律纹理,突出非规律纹理即缺陷区域.首先对花纹板图像进行预处理,主要包括降采样、亮度补偿及水痕标记,对预处理后的图像进行FFT变换,幅度均一化及FFT反变换,得到仅保留相位信息的频域图像.对得到频域图像求梯度以放大缺陷和正常区域的差异,并采用马氏距离对梯度图进行二值化操作.最后对二值化图像进行包括缺陷重构和去水痕在内的后处理操作,从而实现花纹板表面缺陷检测.经测试,该算法对花纹板表面存在的花纹残缺、花纹错乱、翘皮和油斑四种缺陷都有较好的检出效果.     

热轧平整机组平整花纹板的方法

针对薄规格热轧板存在的浪形问题,从机、电、液相融合的角度出发,对热轧平整机组作机械设备选型,提高平整机压下和零调的精度,避免花纹板豆高的影响;调节加速斜坡控制参数,减小加速度,使得加速过程变得平稳;结合HGC压下系统工作原理,在电气控制程序中增加压力反馈值平滑滤波处理优化PI调节器参数,抑制振动干扰。采用多种轧辊辊形的经验曲线,配合平整机弯辊减少热轧板表面浪形。经生产验证,热轧平整机组平整花纹板效果良好。     

花纹板的研制与开发

介绍了包钢成功开发花纹板的各项性能指标,针对花纹板生产中容易出现的问题提出改进意见和方案,并找出花纹辊槽深与F6压下率的对应关系.     

扁豆形花纹板的精轧机轧制工艺方法探讨

介绍了攀钢热轧板厂在扁豆形花纹板生产中，精轧机的配辊、调零方法及其负荷分配特点。     

超薄热轧花纹板轧制工艺的优化

超薄热轧花纹板可实现“以热带冷”,特别是普通材质超薄花纹板,力学性能和机械性能要求较低,性价比高,应用领域广泛。超薄热轧花纹板的生产瓶颈体现在生产过程,因其在精轧工序变形量大、轧制力高、轧制速度快,易发生堆卡钢、甩尾事故。1580热轧线使用Q235B铸坯生产厚度1.2～1.8 mm的花纹板,初期使用常规轧制工艺,精轧机甩尾频繁,热轧线堆卡钢率超过5%,通过控制加热温度及两炉温差,制定合理的粗轧除鳞道次控制中间坯温度,提升卷箱速度改善中间坯头尾温差,对精轧轧辊、轧制速度、轧机负荷和弯窜辊的轧制参数进行优化,以及冷却卷取等工序的工艺进行优化,结合合理的轧制排程及轧制节奏控制,解决了轧制超薄极限规格花纹板堆卡钢率高的问题,实现了花纹板极限规格的小批量稳定生产。     

1.4mm花纹板生产工艺的开发与优化

介绍了承钢公司1780热连轧生产线极薄规格1.4 mm厚度花纹板的开发情况。通过采用上辊压花纹辊、开发精轧花纹辊清零模式和卷取卷径计算输入模式程序、提高轧线稳定性、优化精轧花纹板轧制时负载分配、优化卷取参数、提高卷形质量等方法,成功轧制了1.4 mm花纹板,并具备了薄规格花纹板批量生产能力,为承钢带来了可观的经济效益。     

铝铸轧带坯生产花纹板质量缺陷的成因探析

针对铝铸轧带坯生产的花纹板,花纹高度不够、筋条不饱满、花纹偏移等质量问题;结合轧制试验结果,对可能影响压花质量的铸轧坯质量、中间退火制度、冷轧轧制参数、乳液润滑剂等方面进行了分析;通过调整工艺参数和改变生产条件问题得以解决。     

减少连铸坯表面振痕的方法研究

分析了结晶器振动产生连铸坯表面振痕的生成机理,论述了振痕对连铸坯质量的影响,研究和探讨了减少铸坯表面振痕的途径,提出了减少连铸坯表面振痕,提高连铸坯表面质量的有效措施。     

减少连铸坯表面振痕的方法研究

分析了结晶器振动产生连铸坯表面振痕的生成机理,论述了振痕对连铸坯质量的影响,研究和探讨了减少铸坯表面振痕的途径,提出了减少连铸坯表面振痕、提高连铸坯表面质量的有效措施。     

针铁矿法喷淋除铁试验研究

巴彦淖尔紫金公司采用两段酸浸-黄钾铁矾法除铁工艺,一个锌系统每年浸出渣量为10万t/a,渣中含有大量的有价金属,其中铁30000t/a,锌4 000t/a,以及大量的铅和银金属,由于含硫较高,造成火法处理中尾气回收有很大的困难。通过研究发现,采用针铁矿法喷淋除铁后,大大降低了渣含硫,可以降低渣火法处理尾气回收的压力,同时由于不需要加入铵、钠等阳离子,也降低了生产成本。     

微小相去除夹杂物的水模型实验

采用水模型实验模拟了钢包钢水中微小相去除夹杂物的现象,利用高速摄像仪和图像处理技术分析了小气泡和夹杂物模拟物的运动行为,并且进行了净化剂和3种制球方式去除夹杂模拟物的实验,分析了气泡发生方式去除夹杂物的效果和原因,以提高钢水洁净度。结果表明:加入净化剂后,促进了夹杂物的去除,发现了气泡捕获多个夹杂模拟物的现象。在不同时刻,夹杂模拟物的去除率比没有产生小气泡时的去除率要高,平均提高13.66%。在3种气泡发生方式中,由于气泡生成时对内核材料的冲击作用,促进了净化剂的裂解,使得以外层净化剂加内核模拟物方式形成的复合球体最容易产生小气泡,夹杂物去除率100%,效果最好。     

玻璃包覆FeCoSiB微丝包覆层化学去除方法

以玻璃包覆FeCoSiB合金微丝为对象,研究了氢氟酸含量和反应温度对包覆层去除过程的影响,以及缓蚀剂对Fe-CoSiB芯丝的保护效果.结果表明:在反应温度为25℃的条件下,当所采用的HF质量分数从10%增加到40%时,玻璃包覆层去除速度从0.005μm·s^-1提高至0.076μm·s^-1;在HF质量分数为40%的条件下,当反应温度从10℃升高到45℃时,玻璃包覆层去除速度从0.033μm·s^-1提高到0.234μm·s^-1;反应温度为20~25℃时,用质量分数40%的氢氟酸溶液去除厚度范围为7.5~9.0μm高硼硅玻璃包覆层的最佳时间为150s;硫氰酸钠及硫氰酸钠+乌洛托品作为缓蚀剂均可显著抑制氢氟酸溶液对芯丝的腐蚀,硫氰酸钠+乌洛托品还可有效减少金属吸氢,有利于防止芯丝力学性能的劣化.

     

΢С��ȥ���������ˮģ��ʵ��

The phenomenon of inclusion removal by fine and uniform heterophases in the molten steel in the ladle was simulated in the water model. The movement behavior of small bubbles and inclusions was analyzed by using of high-speed video camera and image processing technology. Furthermore, the experiment in inclusion simulant removal by purifying agent in three ball-making modes was also carried out in the water model. The effects and causes of inclusion removal under different bubble generation method were analyzed to improve the cleanliness of molten steel. The results show that the purifying agent promotes the removal of inclusions. There is the phenomenon of the bubble capturing multiple inclusion simulants. The rate of inclusion removal by the heterophases at different time is higher than the rate of inclusion removal without small bubbles and the average number raises 13.66%. The composite sphere produced outer layer of purifying agent and the kernel of simulants is most likely to produce fine bubbles and to remove inclusions 100% in three ball-making modes. Because the bubbles are generated, the bubbles impact on the core material to promote cracking of the purifying agent, so more bubbles are generated.     

Effectiveness of caries removal by the partial tunnel preparation method

The tunnel preparation method is designed to remove approximal caries through a channel from the occlusal surface while preserving the marginal ridge. This method entails reduced access to the caries lesion and thereby uncertainty as to the complete removal of caries. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effectiveness of caries removal in 60 extracted premolars and molars by the partial tunnel preparation method. The glass polyalkenoat (ionomer) filling and the distance to the pulp were also examined. Examination of the sectioned teeth showed residual caries in the axial wall of two teeth and in dentin close to the enamel lesion in 10 teeth. Very few porosities were found within the glass polyalkenoat material and at the interface between the filling and the cavity walls.     

钢渣去除废水中重金属离子的研究综述

 钢渣具有比表面积大、疏松多孔且在水溶液中易水解电离出Ca2＋、Fe2＋、OH－、羟基化基团SOH等性质,能很好地去除废水中重金属离子,且效率较高。钢渣对重金属离子的去除机理包括物理吸附和化学吸附。物理吸附主要依靠钢渣与溶液中重金属离子之间的范德华力;化学吸附主要包括表面配位、阳离子交换、化学沉淀及还原作用。钢渣对重金属离子的吸附效率主要受溶液的pH值、重金属离子初始浓度、钢渣的组分及粒径等影响。目前关于钢渣吸附重金属离子的研究多是静态吸附试验,并且采用的多是人工合成的单一组分废水,与现实存在一定的差异。因此,未来需进一步开展钢渣去除重金属离子的动态去除效率及规律研究,并深入探讨其他污染物质对钢渣去除效率的影响。     

顺路溜井局部出矿留矿法研究

论述了适合高宝山金矿急倾斜、矿岩不稳固的薄矿脉，采用顺路溜井局部出矿留矿法试验研究成果及取得的经济效益。     

Organic halogen removal from chlorinated humic ground water and lake water by nitrifying fluidized-bed biomass characterised by electron microscopy and molecular methods

The dechlorinating and genotoxicity-removing activities of nitrifying fluidized-bed reactor biomass towards chlorinated organic compounds in water were shown at level below 1 ppm. The removal rates of adsorbable organic halogens were 200 micrograms Cl (g VS day)-1 for chlorinated humic ground water and 50 micrograms Cl (g VS day)-1 for chlorinated lake water when studied in batch mode. In a sequenced batch mode the removal rates [micrograms Cl (g VS day)-1] were 2000 from chlorohumus, 1400-1800 from chlorophenols in chlorinated ground water, and 430-720 from chlorohumus in chlorinated lake water. Genotoxicity was removed to a large extent (60%-80%) from the chlorinated waters upon incubation with nitrifying reactor biomass. 2,6-Di-, 2,4,6-tri and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenols competed with chlorinated water organohalogens for dechlorination. The dechlorination of chlorophenols and chlorohumus required no ammonia and was not prevented by inhibitors of ammonia oxidation, nitrapyrin, parathion, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, or allylthiourea. Electron microscopical inspection of the biomass showed the dominance of clusters of bacteria resembling known nitrifying species, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, and Nitrosospira. This was supported by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the biomass DNA with four different primers, revealing the presence of 16S rDNA sequences assignable to the same species. The most intensive band obtained with the Nitroso4E primer was shown to be closely related to Nitrosomonas europaea by restriction analysis.