横向各向同性介质中地震波的模拟

研究了各向性异性介质中弹性波波动方程虎谱法求解的稳定条件，应用虚谱法模拟两种常见震源在横向向同性介质中激发的波场和力源作用于横向各同性介质时的ＶＳＰ记录。结果表明，当满足稳定条件时，虚谱法可有效模拟ＰＴＬ和ＥＤＡ介质中的地震波传播，其模拟结果可帮助我们进一步认识各向异性介质中地震波的传播规律。     

火焰原子吸收法测定聚酯切片中的微量锑

研究了仪器最佳工作条件 ,介质及共存离子干扰试验和样品处理方法。该方法样品采用湿法消化 ,以浓硫酸和过氧化氢使聚酯炭化 ,将有机物质氧化成无机的试液进行测定。用消化罩控制过氧化氢流速 ,不仅节省劳力而且提高工效及分析准确度。回收率为 96.5%～ 1 0 1 %     

氢化物原子荧光法测定化探样品中砷、锑、铋、汞

本文研究了在酸性介质中，运用氢化物发生法，快速测定化探样品中砷、锑、铋、汞。本法具有仪器结构简单，元素选择性好，干扰因素少等特点，并具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重现性。砷、锑、铋、汞的RSD／102分别为9．1～21．7、5．0～10．4、2．6～19．9、12．6～23．1。测得令人满意的结果。     

各向异性介质中弹性波传播特性的伪谱法模拟研究

本文首先研究了各向异性介质中弹性波动方程伪谱法求解的稳定性条件，然后应用伪谱法模拟研究了各向异性介质中三种常见震源（垂直力源、压力源和剪切源）的辐射特征和三种各向异性模型的波传播快照特征；最后模拟研究了力源作用于裂隙诱导各向异性介质时ＶＳＰ记录的特征。所有这些工作表明用伪谱法研究各向异性介质中弹性波传播是有效的，与此同时，我们也获得了一些各向异性介质中波传播的有益认识。     

各向异性介质中弹性波传播特征的伪谱法模拟研究

本文首先研究了各向导性介质中弹性波动方程伪谱法求解的稳定性条件；然后应用伪谱法模拟研究了各向异性介质中三种常见震源（垂直力源、压力源和剪切源）的辐射特征和三种各向导性模型（PTL、EDA和正交介质）的波传播快照特征；最后模拟研究了力源作用于裂隙诱导各向导性介质时VSP记录的特征。所有这些工作表明用伪谱法研究各向异性介质中弹性波传播是有效的。与此同时，我们也获得了一些各向异性介质中波传播的有益认识。     

横向各向同性介质中的兰姆问题

各向异性介质咯种力源作用下波动方程的解的求取，对于各向异性介质中波场的研究来说是非常重要的，作者对周期面力、集中力以及切向力等条件下的波动方程进行了求解，获得了均匀横向同性介质中各种力源作用下位函数解析式。     

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在自然界中，蕴藏着丰富的天然气水合物，水合物的结构有I、Ⅱ和H型。开发的方法有：热力分解法、减压法和注入化学剂等等。多孔介质中水合物的形成条件和管道、井筒中水合物的形成条件有较大的区别，在多孔介质中必须考虑毛细管力的作用，水合物的分解条件主要取决于多孔介质中岩石和流体的特性如润湿角和孔隙尺寸等。文章所推导出在多孔介质中考虑毛细管力的影响后，天然气水合物形成压力和温度与实验数据吻合较好，而没有考虑毛细管力的影响计算出的天然气水合物在给定温度下所得到的水合物的形成压力偏低。     

三重介质模型试井分析方法

给出了一类三重介质油藏试井物理模型描述，建立了有效井径数学模型，通过拉普拉斯变换方法求出了井底压力的拉氏空间解以及早期、中期、晚期压力表达式，分析了压力变化特征，从理论上揭示三重介质油藏压力导数曲线存在两个凹陷，这两个凹陷分别反映了第一类孔隙介质与裂缝、第二类孔隙介质与裂缝的窜流特征。本文还提出了新的典型曲线拟合法。     

横向各向同性介质中的相移法偏移

本文在非垂直对称轴横向各向同性（ＴＩ）介质情况下，引用描述平面声波传播的克里斯托弗尔方程，推导出ＴＩ介质中ＳＨ波，ｑＰ波和ｑＳＶ波的频散关系式，然后根据单程标量波动方程相移法偏移的原理，讨论了这三种波偏移向下延拓算子的解析表达式以及在ＴＩ介质中相移法偏移的实现方法，理论脉冲响应的计算证明了该方法的正确性。     

松辽盆地南部油气化探异常成因模型

本文分析了因水土两种介质物质以及其中烃气指标分布特征不同，而导致地表化探指标所反映的油气信息的差异，提出了两种介质中烃异常强度的比值规律，及其与油气藏类型和保存条件的关系。     

离子色谱法测定化工装置冷凝水中的有机酸

运用离子色谱分析技术,采用亲水性阴离子分离柱,氢氧化钾做淋洗液梯度淋洗,前处理柱进行前处理,对化工装置冷凝水中的有机酸根离子进行了同时分离和电导检测,同时对该方法进行了综合评价,得到令人满意的结果。该方法重复性和再现性相对偏差小于4%,相关系数大于0.999,回收率在86.65%~107.64%,具有简便、准确、检测灵敏度高、分离效果好等特点,随着离子色谱技术的发展,离子色谱法检测有机酸将得到广泛的应用。     

辽河滩海油田储层敏感性评价

按标准岩芯分析程序，对辽河滩海油田大量岩芯进行了试验分析，初步评价了储层敏感性，认为该储层的敏感程序依次为：速敏性（中－强），水敏性（中），盐敏性（中），酸敏性（无－弱）。     

Donnan-Potential Sensors Based on Zirconia-Modified Nafion Membranes Treated under Different Conditions for the Determination of Amino Acids with Several Nitrogen-Containing Groups

The effect of heat treatment at varying relative humidity and mechanical deformation on the properties of Nafion perfluorosulfonic cation-exchange membranes and Nafion-based hybrid materials containing hydrated zirconia nanoparticles has been studied. It has been shown that the treatment of the materials makes it possible to change their water uptake, ionic conductivity, and diffusion permeability over wide ranges. Variations in the water uptake and intrapore space volume of the membranes provided by their treatment and modification have led to a decrease in the sensitivity of DP-sensors (the analytical signal is the Donnan potential) to interfering hydroxonium cations in arginine and histidine solutions in 1.5?5 times. The material samples providing a high accuracy of determination of amino acid ions in a concentration range from 1.0 × 10^–4 to 1.0 × 10^–1 mol/L at pH < 7 have been selected.     

弦截迭代法在求取P-S转换波转换点位置和旅行时中的应用——以单一水平界面VTI介质为例

求取转换点位置是进行转换波资料处理的重要环节,目前主要有严格的解析方法、基于泰勒级数展开的近似解析方法和基于射线理论的迭代方法3种。以单层水平界面VTI介质为例,给出了弦截迭代方法计算转换点位置和旅行时的步骤和公式;通过各向同性介质、VTI介质模型计算,对3种方法的计算精度进行了对比,讨论了各向异性参数对转换点位置和走时的影响,通过强各向异性介质模型探讨了弦截迭代法应用的局限性。研究结果表明,弦截迭代法由于没有使用任何近似,因此在事先给定的计算精度范围内是准确的,但在长偏移距和强各向异性介质同时存在的情形下,反射的SV波会出现“三叉区”现象,从而导致该方法失效。     

水力脉冲空化射流钻井技术在河南油田中硬地层中的应用

针对河南油田目前中硬地层机械钻速低、钻井周期长、钻井成本高等问题,开展水力脉冲空化射流钻井提速技术研究及现场试验,优选了水力脉冲空化射流发生器和钻具组合,并优化了水力参数,现场应用4口井表明,水力脉冲空化射流技术提高了中硬地层的钻井速度,同比机械钻速平均提高16.24%,解决了河南油田中硬地层地层机械钻速低的难题。     

LIQUEFACTION OF CELLULOSIC WASTE V. WATER FORMATION AND EVALUATION OF PYROLYTIC CHAR AS A BY —PRODUCT OF PYROLYSIS REACTION

Liquid hydrocarbon oil and water have been produced from the liquefaction of cellulosic matter present in municipal solid wastes (MSW). Gases and residual char have also been produced as by-products resulting from the pyrolysis reaction of cellulose. Quantities of water and pyrolytic char were estimated at different conditions of the process (temperature pressure of hydrogen, carrier oil medium and concentration of boric acid). From the results obtained, it was suggested that the formation of water seems to be sensitive to the operational conditions which enhance a water-gas shift reaction (in which water molecules are consumed to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen). Decreasing of the undesired chary by-product could be achieved by increasing the concentration of boric acid that catalyzes the liquefaction reaction. Two petroleum distillates, namely gas oil and residual fuel oil, were used as carrier media of a solid refuse. It was found that fuel oil is more efficient as a buffering medium that prevents cellulose macromolecules from a rapid and complete charing during the liquefaction process. The pyrolytic char was characterized and evaluated by means of different analytical procedures and solvent extraction using petroleum ether 40-60°C and methanol. Calorific value of the pyrolytic char was found to be 4.6 Kcal g^-1 which is quite close to that of a brown coal. Dropping point test of the extracted material by petroleum ether indicated that the extract can be utilized for producing lubricating greases via saponificattion with a salt of sodium or calcium.     

异丙基甲苯异构体的快速气相色谱分析

用气相色谱分离 ,热导池检测器测定了甲苯介质中异丙基甲苯同分异构体 ,难分离物质对的分离度大于1 ,分析时间小于 6min。对实际样品进行了测定 ,与其它方法结果相符 ,异丙基甲苯含量 68.65%的试样测定8次 ,计算其 RSD为 0 .6%。     

LIQUEFACTION OF CELLULOSIC WASTE V. WATER FORMATION AND EVALUATION OF PYROLYTIC CHAR AS A BY —PRODUCT OF PYROLYSIS REACTION

ABSTRACT

Liquid hydrocarbon oil and water have been produced from the liquefaction of cellulosic matter present in municipal solid wastes (MSW). Gases and residual char have also been produced as by-products resulting from the pyrolysis reaction of cellulose. Quantities of water and pyrolytic char were estimated at different conditions of the process (temperature pressure of hydrogen, carrier oil medium and concentration of boric acid). From the results obtained, it was suggested that the formation of water seems to be sensitive to the operational conditions which enhance a water-gas shift reaction (in which water molecules are consumed to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen). Decreasing of the undesired chary by-product could be achieved by increasing the concentration of boric acid that catalyzes the liquefaction reaction. Two petroleum distillates, namely gas oil and residual fuel oil, were used as carrier media of a solid refuse. It was found that fuel oil is more efficient as a buffering medium that prevents cellulose macromolecules from a rapid and complete charing during the liquefaction process. The pyrolytic char was characterized and evaluated by means of different analytical procedures and solvent extraction using petroleum ether 40–60°C and methanol. Calorific value of the pyrolytic char was found to be 4.6 Kcal g^?1 which is quite close to that of a brown coal. Dropping point test of the extracted material by petroleum ether indicated that the extract can be utilized for producing lubricating greases via saponificattion with a salt of sodium or calcium.     

基于矢量位和标量位的广域电磁法三维有限元数值模拟

广域电磁法(WFEM)提出了一种适用于全域公式计算的视电阻率,从根本上突破了"远区"理论的束缚,有效扩展了人工源电磁法的观测范围和探测深度,提高了野外数据的观测精度和效率.考虑到地下介质是三维的,从基于库仑规范的矢量位和标量位角度出发研究了广域电磁法三维有限元数值模拟方法.该方法克服了直接根据麦克斯韦方程组求取电磁场分...     

离子色谱扩展技术及其应用简介

本文简要介绍了Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、有机酸、ＮＯ２＾－、ＮＯ３＾－的离子色谱分析方法,监测Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋在油气田开发中意义重大,其含量决定了注水水质,直接影响油气采集。离子色谱采用色谱分离－柱后衍生,紫外－可见检测器检测的方法可快捷准确地测定油气田水中Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋含量。有机酸除可采用液相色谱分析外,也可利用离子色谱色谱柱分离电导检测器检测,广泛应用于许多领域中。该法快迅、方便、