原油强化蒸馏技术的工业应用

采用尽可能接近工业生产条件的实验方法，利用燕炼现有资源进行了强化大庆原油蒸馏过程的实验室研究，并对实验结果进行了工业实验和工业应用。结果在生产装置工艺操作条件及产品质量基本不变的条件下，强化后大庆原油在变重的情况下总拔基本不变但渣油切割点提高３０ ℃，尤其是常三前＋ 减一线收率增加２ ．５ ％ ～３ ．０ ％ 。     

利用活性添加剂强化原油蒸馏技术进展

介绍了采用活性添加剂强化原油蒸馏的理论依据 ,试验研究进展及其工业应用情况。通过对国内外有关研究成果的总结与分析 ,指出了强化原油蒸馏的关键问题 ,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

工业木素磺酸盐与大庆原油形成低界面张力的条件研究

系统地研究了工业木素磺酸与大庆原油形成低界面张力的条件。研究证明，单纯工业木素磺酸盐不能与大庆原油形成超低界面张力，但与多种活性剂能产生协同效应，添加少量石油磺酸盐、碱为助剂配制的工业木素磺酸盐三元复合体系与大庆原油间的界面张力可以达到１０＾３ｍＮ／ｍ－１０＾－４ｍＮ／ｍ数量级。     

用活化剂强化原油蒸馏过程的研究

研究了以大庆原油和辽河稠油为原料,用其馏分油催化裂化的回炼油做活化剂,强化原油蒸馏过程,测定了活化剂加入浓度对石油分散体系聚集稳定性的影响,说明用活化剂调节原油体系的相转移是可行的。实验结果表明,向原油中加入适量的回炼油后再进行蒸馏,可使轻油收率提高约2m％或裂化料收率提高约5m％。     

原油强化蒸馏技术的工业应用

采用强化蒸馏技术,可提高原油拔出率。南阳石蜡精细化工厂经过室内筛选试验,确定了GX-301型强化剂作为强化蒸馏剂,工业试验表明：GX-301原油强化蒸馏剂可提高南阳原油蒸馏拔出率0．99个百分点。在生产0^#柴油时,催化裂化原料收率增加2．89个百分点;在生产 5^#柴油时,柴油收率提高1．03个百分点,轻油拔出率提高0．96个百分点。     

石油天然气加工工业

TE6 2 4 .2 2 0 0 4 12 0 2 2原油强化蒸馏技术的工业应用〔刊〕/李照峰 ,张黎鹏 (中国石化南阳石蜡精细化工厂 )∥石油与天然气化工 .- 2 0 0 4 ,33(2 ) .- 98～ 99,10 3　　用强化蒸馏技术 ,可以提高原油拔出率。南阳石蜡精细化工厂经过室内筛选试验 ,确定了GX 30 1型强化剂作为强化蒸馏剂 ,工业试验表明 :GX 30 1原油强化蒸馏剂可提高南阳原油蒸馏拔出率 0 .99个百分点。在生产 0 # 柴油时 ,催化裂化原料收率增加 2 .89个百分点 ;在生产 +5 # 柴油时 ,柴油收率提高 1.0 3个百分点 ,轻油拔出率提高 0 .96个百分点。表 5 (刘智强摘 )TE…     

石油分散体系理论与强化蒸馏机理探讨

文中阐述了石油分散体系理论和强化蒸馏机理,说明了石油分散体系活化态及其测定方法,归纳了活化剂的设计原则和主要成分,总结了原油强化蒸馏技术在工业上的应用和目前存在的问题,并对强化蒸馏技术今后的发展提出了建议。     

原油蒸馏增收剂的应用

为了解决原油日益变重的问题,达到提高常压蒸馏拔出率的目的,在石油加工领域,开发了原油强化蒸馏技术。针对长庆原油应用GCD系列增收剂进行了强化蒸馏实验室研究和工业应用试验。结果表明：GCD660和GCD600型增收剂均能不同程度地提高轻质油的拔出率;GCD660型增收剂的效果优于GCD600型增收剂,轻质油收率最多提高2．26个百分点。     

工业木素磺酸盐与大庆原油形成低界面张力的条件研究

系统地研究了工业木素磺酸盐与大庆原油形成低界面张力的条件。研究证明 ,单纯工业木素磺酸盐不能与大庆原油形成超低界面张力 ,但与多种活性剂能产生协同效应 ,添加少量石油磺酸盐、碱为助剂配制的工业木素磺酸盐三元复合体系与大庆原油间的界面张力可以达到 10 -3 mN/m～ 10 -4 mN/m数量级。     

全馏程实沸点蒸馏曲线数学模型

根据原油的实沸点（ＴＢＰ）蒸馏数据和超临界萃取分馏方法得到的常压渣油ＴＢＰ蒸馏数据,开发了获得全馏程ＴＢＰ蒸馏数据的方法。针对大庆原油建立了描述原油ＴＢＰ蒸馏曲线、相对分子质量曲线和密度曲线的数学模型,为工艺设计提供了可靠的基础数据计算方法。     

利用活化剂强化常减压蒸馏

利用活化剂来改变石油分散体系的性质,以改善石油液体沸腾时的气相形成条件,可以强化常减压蒸馏过程,提高烃质油的收率和质量,这对炼油新技术的开发以及解决石油市场的供需矛盾、提高柴汽比均具有重要的意义。通过对国内外的这方面研究成果的总结与分析,指出了强化蒸馏技术的关键性问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Experimental Study of Desalting and Dehydration of Two Samples of Iraqi Crude Oils

The salt content of a crude oil consists of salts dissolved in the water, which are dispersed within the produced crude. This study has been done to find the optimum conditions for desalting and dehydration of two types of Iraqi crude oil (Naft Khana crude and Basra crude from the Iraq strategic pipeline), which were provided from the Daura refinery in Baghdad. Naft Khana crude oil is lighter than Basra crude oil and has higher API gravity and it is relatively easy to desalt. Also, Naft Khana crude oil has a salt concentration higher than Basra crude oil. The optimum experimental conditions for improving desalting/dehydration process were 7 vol% ethylamine dosage, 100°F crude oil temperature, 20 vol% adding fresh water, and 30 min settling time. Basra crude oil required a high washing water ratio to increase the rate of water droplet settling in the desalter and the dilution efficiency of salts in crude oil.     

含蜡原油热处理过程中若干组分的作用

本文研究了大庆、南阳原油中的胶质—沥青质,石蜡—正构烷烃和微晶等组分在含蜡原油热处理过程中的作用,从而指出:(1)只有当原油中含有石蜡和适量的胶质—沥青质时,才具备用热处理方法来改善其低温流动性能的可能性。(2)胶质—沥青质在含蜡原油中具有非常显著的分散作用增粘作用。它们通过吸附、共晶等作用改变原池中石蜡的结晶习性、形态及结构强度,从而取得降凝、降粘等效果。(3)各种原油中胶与正构烷烃之比在0.43～5.2之间,经过最佳条件热处理就可显示出热处理效果。胶—正烷烃比在0.6～3.0之间热处理效果最佳。(4)微晶蜡在含蜡原油热处理过程中,其本身不能显示热处理效果,当加热温度高达微晶蜡能在原油中大量溶解的温度时,在降温重结晶过程中,微晶蜡的析出将恶化热处理效果。     

Calculation of Wax Precipitation Magnitude in Crude Oil Storage Tanks in Khark Island

During the different seasons of the year, the temperature of the oil tank goes up or down. The present work is composed of two parts, evaluation of the crude oil temperature and determining amount of wax precipitation. The numerical method has been developed for solving the energy equation and a thermodynamic model has been developed to predict wax precipitation based on average crude oil temperature. In the experimental investigation, a crude oil storage tank in Khark Island is selected as the case study and average crude oil temperature have been measured for two days and compared by the numerical result.     

The Prediction of Undersaturated Crude Oil Viscosity: An Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Model Approach

Abstract

Viscosity is one of the most important governing parameters of the fluid flow, either in the porous media or in pipelines. So it is important to use an accurate method to calculate the oil viscosity at various operating conditions. In the literature, several empirical correlations have been proposed for predicting undersaturated crude oil viscosity. However these correlations are not able to predict the oil viscosity adequately for a wide range of conditions. An extensive experimental data of undersaturated oil viscosities from different samples of Iranian oil reservoirs was applied to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model and fuzzy model to predict and calculate the undersaturated oil viscosity. Validity and accuracy of these models has been confirmed by comparing the obtained results of these correlations and with experimental data for Iranian oil samples. It was observed that there is acceptable agreement between the ANN model and fuzzy model results with experimental data.     

Inhibition of asphaltene flocculation in light crude oil: effect of pressure,temperature and inhibitor concentration

Abstract

In this study, a light crude oil sample was taken from Hassi Messaoud field to characterize its physicochemical properties. The asphaltene flocculation onset was determined in the dead oil by Flocculation Titrimeter equipment. The petroleum resins have been extracted from the same crude oil and tested as an inhibitor of asphaltene flocculation then their efficiency has been studied at different conditions of pressure and temperature. The results point out that the extracted resins may have two different effects on the onset point depending upon the operator conditions and the concentration of the added resins to crude oil.     

沥青质沉淀点的测定与模型化计算

通过自行设计、组装了一套采用透光率法测定原油体系沥青质沉淀点的实验装置,并采用该仪器测定了6个浓度的沥青质+甲苯体系及4个浓度的原油+甲苯体系的正戊烷和正己烷沥青质沉淀点。模型计算中采用目前具有代表性的Hirschberg沥青质沉淀溶解度模型以拟合实验数据。结果发现由实验数据回归得到的原油溶解度参数明显高于状态方程法的计算结果;原始条件下沥青质的溶解度参数值明显低于被提纯后沥青质的溶解度参数值。     

A New Investigation on Asphaltene Precipitation: Experimental and a New Thermodynamic Approach

The process of asphaltene precipitation has a substantial effect on oil production in petroleum industry. In this work, a series of experiments was carried to determine the asphaltene precipitation of crude oil during solvent titration condition with Iranian crude oil sample using experimental set up. The precipitants such as pentane, heptanes, hexane, nonane and decane with varying volumes were used. Also, a developed thermodynamic model based on micellization and PC-SAFT (perturbed chain modification Statistical Associating Fluid Theory) has been proposed to account asphaltene precipitation during solvent titration conditions and the proposed model was verified using experimental data obtained in this work and also with those reported in the literature. In the proposed micellization model the PC-SAFT EOS (cubic equations of state) is applied to predict the onset point and to perform flash calculations. In order to compare the performance of the proposed micellization model, the asphaltene precipitation experimental data were correlated using existing micellization model and the proposed micellization model. The results show that the proposed micellization model predicts more accurately the asphaltene precipitation experimental data and is in agreement with the experimental data of reported in this work and with those reported in the literature with a mean square error of 0.9%. Therefore the predictions obtained from this proposed model, resulted in a good agreement with experimental data which shows a significant improvement in comparison to the previous micellization model in the available literature.