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Molecular detection of the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma and comparison with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas from Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A.C. PADOVAN K.S. GIBB A. BERTACCINI M. VIBIO R.E. BONFIGLIOLI P.A. MAGAREY B.B. SEARS 《Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research》1995,1(1):25-31
A diagnostic test using the polymerase chain reaction is described for the detection of phytoplasma DNA in grapevines collected from South Australia and Victoria. Grapevines with Australian grapevine yellows disease tested positively for a phytoplasma but those with 'restricted spring growth syndrome' (formerly called 'grapevine decline') tested negatively. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were done to determine the relationships between phytoplasmas of the Australian grapevine yellows and of representatives from both the aster yellows group (which includes phytoplasmas of grapevine yellows from Italy) and the elm yellows group (which includes phytoplasmas of flavescence dorée). Results showed that Australian grapevine yellows is associated with a unique phytoplasma that is more closely related to the phytoplasmas of the aster yellows group than to those of the elm yellows group. 相似文献
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R.G. BONFIGLIOLI P.A. MAGAREY R.H. SYMONS 《Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research》1995,1(2):71-75
In the 1994/95 season, unusual, widespread and generalised foliar symptoms, similar to those of Australian grapevine yellows (AGY), occurred in late summer-autumn in many regions of Australia. They were confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as being associated with the presence of the phytoplasma of AGY. In contrast, the early-season (i.e. late spring-early summer) symptoms of AGY were less common and generally confined to isolated shoots. Positive PCR assays for phytoplasma (65 out of a total of 90) were obtained only from vines showing AGY-like symptoms while none of the 88 PCR assays for symptomless vines were positive. The disorder of restricted spring growth syndrome, widespread and damaging in spring 1994, occurred in some vines which also later showed AGY-like symptoms in the autumn. 相似文献
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对热水预处理法抽提半纤维素的研究进行了综述,该方法成本低、对环境无污染,能耗低、半纤维素的水解率和回收率高,具有很好的发展前景。 相似文献
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柴菊华 《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》1997,(4):52-55
参考国内外有关文献,就葡萄对根癌病的抗性研究进展进行了综述,内容包括抗性鉴定方法、指标、分级标准和北美种群、欧亚种及种间杂种、东亚种群葡萄品种对根癌病的抗性。 相似文献
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缺铁对葡萄生理效应的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以盆栽红地球葡萄为试材,采用MS营养液,研究了全铁、1/2铁、缺铁对葡萄生理特性的影响。结果表明,缺铁30d叶片叶绿素含量显著开始下降,并且叶绿素a降解比叶绿素b幅度大;而1/2铁和全铁60d后才开始下降,降解幅度小;缺铁胁迫30~60d后是葡萄对铁最敏感的时期。不同铁处理(60d)可显著影响丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和叶片光合速率。 相似文献
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在传统的化学法制浆过程中,植物纤维原料中的半纤维素蒸煮时会降解到蒸煮废液中,得不到有效利用。结合生物质精炼理念,可以在蒸煮前提取出部分半纤维素,提取出的半纤维素可以用于生产生物质乙醇等化学品,提取后的植物纤维原料仍用于制浆造纸。热水抽提法是目前提取半纤维素的最有效方法之一。本文对热水抽提法提取半纤维素工艺的原理、研究进展及发展前景进行了分析与综述。 相似文献
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谢序勤;王新洲;汪雪 《中国人造板》2019,26(S1):35-40
采用纳米蒙脱土改性脲醛树脂,制备一种高性能环保胶黏剂。研究表明,纳米蒙脱土可以均匀分散于脲醛树脂体系中,形成的弹性体结构,对树脂具有增强、增韧作用;改性后脲醛树脂热稳定性和耐水性显著提高,改善了其在复杂环境下的使用性能;同时,改性后脲醛树脂的静态弹性模量、硬度以及动态储能模量、损耗模量均显著增加。 相似文献
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PETER R. CLINGELEFFER LESLIE R. KRAKE 《Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research》2002,8(2):95-100
High-yielding clones of Sultana (syn. Thompson Seedless) were grown in a warm climate under irrigation as either cane-pruned or minimally-pruned field vines. Test material included Sultana clone H5, six heat-treated clones originating from H5, and a heat-treated clone of Thompson Seedless (TS-HT91) sourced from California. Vine performance was measured over 10 seasons (1984–1993). Previous thermotherapy had eliminated leafroll viruses from three of the six selections originating from H5 and from TS-HT91. When cane-pruned, the TS-HT91 clone was 9% more productive than H5 as well as all selections originating from thermotherapy of H5. With minimal pruning all selections free of leafroll viruses had superior performance (approximately 14% increase) compared to those still infected with leafroll viruses. In those clones where thermotherapy had not removed leafroll viruses, yields from two out of three clones (minimally-pruned) were increased relative to H5; one remained lower. Clonal differences in productivity were related to vine growth, particularly above-ground components, but there were no significant clonal effects on berry weight, pH or titratable acidity. While long-term field trials are necessary to clearly demonstrate positive effects from thermotherapy, light pruning can enhance prospects for confirming an improvement in yield. Indeed, severe pruning can even limit expression of yield from putatively superior clones, and thus mask expression of positive outcomes from thermotherapy. 相似文献
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在碱法制浆前对杨木木片进行热水预水解处理,并借助扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及热重分析(TG)等手段探讨了不同预水解因子(P因子)对木片相关性能的影响。结果表明,随着P因子的增大,水解后木片的白度和得率逐渐降低并趋于稳定,处理后木片中的聚戊糖含量显著降低,酸溶木素和Klason木素含量也降低,纤维素的含量变化不大;热水预水解处理将导致木片纤维的数均长度和宽度均有所下降,且随着P因子的增大,纤维素的结晶度有所提高,但不改变纤维素晶体构型;预水解后木片表面形成较多孔隙,且纤维表面会形成由木素或木素 碳水化合物复合体(LCC)等组成的球形颗粒状物质,当P因子≥1355时,易发生物质的吸附沉积现象,在木片上形成一层光亮层;TG和发热量分析表明,经热水预水解处理后的木片,热失重要低于原木片,且预水解后木片的发热量随着P因子的增加而增加。 相似文献
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通过对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄冬季不同埋土处理方式下受冻程度进行调查,对比分析各处理方式及自根苗和嫁接苗越冬后长势,测定冻害对葡萄光合作用的影响。结果表明:越冬时植株受冻害程度越重,葡萄叶片光合能力越差,来年生长越弱;嫁接苗抗冻害能力强,来年生长状况正常,光合作用强;通过不同埋土处理,以土覆EVA膜处理后的葡萄受冻最轻,光合作用强,其它处理效果依次是土覆PVC膜、草覆EVA膜、PE膜覆土、沟埋等。 相似文献
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葡萄根系提水作用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用部分根区干旱方法测定了赤霞珠葡萄根系和叶片水势,夜间根系运转水的数量以及提水作用与叶片蒸腾之间的关系。结果表明,叶片水势与蒸腾速率显著相关,处于干燥区侧的葡萄根系的水势和含水量日变化与蒸腾速率的变化相反。一昼夜根系水势呈现出降-升-降-升有规律的变化;根系含水量的变化趋势与水势基本一致,干旱一侧根系的第一个高峰含水量出现在早晨6:00,第二个含水量高峰出现在下午4:00;土壤水势与蒸腾速率之间没有显著性相关;夜间从湿根侧运转到干根一侧的水分为1.4g。 相似文献
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Effects of nitrogen (N) supply on biomass distribution as well as N effects on NO3 \"assimilation, were examined in two-year-old graftlings of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon on five rootstocks. Whole-plant biomass in all graftlings more than doubled with increased N supply in solution from 0.25 to 8 mM. Whole plant biomass was also affected by rootstock genotype, but to a lesser extent than by N supply. Biomass allocation to roots declined with increased N supply for all stock-scion combinations, but the magnitude of that response varied with rootstock genotype. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in leaves increased with increased N supply for all stock-scion combinations, whereas root NRA increased only up to 1 mM N supply, dropping markedly with additional N. NRA in leaves was one to two orders of magnitude higher than NRA in roots - a difference that increased steadily with increased N supply. By implication, grapevine leaves have a much higher capacity for NO3 - - reduction than do grapevine roots, and any contribution by roots to whole-vine NO3 - - assimilation declines even further as NO3 - - availability increases. 相似文献
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葡萄叶片中白藜芦醇的紫外线诱导研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用紫外线(UV)诱导赤霞珠葡萄叶片合成白藜芦醇,研究了不同UV剂量、不同光照条件对白藜芦醇诱导后合成情况的影响。结果发现:(1)紫外线诱导后黑暗条件下,白藜芦醇的含量分别是诱导后直接进行日光照射和避光6h后再日光照射处理的160.54倍和10.03倍;(2)在紫外线诱导后72h内,不同剂量的紫外线处理都具有诱导葡萄叶片合成白藜芦醇的效果,并且白藜芦醇含量随UV剂量的增加而呈上升趋势;(3)葡萄叶片诱导后,白藜芦醇含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,12~24h达到最高含量,36h后降低。 相似文献