基于Simulink的数模混合电路仿真平台设计与实现

针对数模混合电路仿真精度与性能之间的矛盾问题和仿真工业级复杂数模混合电路时仿真工具存在主流芯片和电路模块不足问题,提出了一种粘合模式的数模混合仿真平台模型架构,基于该架构设计并实现了一种基于Simulink软件,通过嵌入数字电路和模拟电路主流仿真引擎获得充足主流芯片和电路模块支持的数模混合电路仿真平台,设计了一种结合了拓扑排序算法的仿真控制方式,实现了对工业级复杂电路进行流程化、模块化的数模混合仿真;最后通过一个能够时序上可以逻辑拆分的典型数模混合电路仿真验证了仿真平台的有效性。     

New Products

EAI's new hybrid computer system, called Hyshare, is aimed at the multi-user, multi-task application demands of larger- scale simulation and scientific computation laboratories. Consisting of an EAI 3200 digital computer and up to six EAI analog processors, the analog/digital and digital/ analog communications interface employs on-line, dynamic resource allocation techniques which allow analog processors to be assigned to separate tasks or linked together to meet specific application requirements.     

数模混合系统及其在自动飞行控制系统仿真研究中的应用

本文介绍由DJS-8数字机和HMJ-200模拟机组成的数模混合系统的特点以及它在自 动飞行控制系统仿真研究中的应用.并通过一应用实例进一步说明了它的应用情况.     

模拟信号的恢复及其误差研究

数模混合仿真中模拟信号的恢复及其误差对整个仿真过程具有重要影响。本文探讨了用零阶保持和一阶保持进行信号恢复的方法，比较了它们的误差及工作特点。特别指出了一阶保持中，由于存在积分器复原时间及数字机操作时间的影响而会带来附加的误差，因此一阶保持方法较难达到其理论的精度。     

SIMCON-simulation control to optimize man-machine interaction

The fitting of mathematical models to physiological systems can be tedious and difficult, whether one uses analog or digital computer methods. Both methods have their pros and cons depending on the available hardware and software and on the type of modeling. In recent years many digital simulation languages have been written combining analog-like and digital features to facilitate modeling, but, for a variety of reasons, none of these was suitable for our applications. We, therefore, designed a new digital simulation control system, SIMCON, which is described in this paper.The primary objectives were to provide: Maximum man-machine interaction at run-time, including visual displays, digital control, and both continuous analog and digital parameter adjustmentThe ability to generate solutions and to fit them to experimental data or other theoretical curves with a minimum of computer memoryThe option to use a mathematically oriented language, FORTRAN, and block operators with variable input/output.The result is a relatively general and simple simulation system which is easy to use and has wide versatility.     

An identification of parameters on a hybrid computer

The authors describe in this paper some findings concerning the identification of parameters of a chemical process. This problem was solved by several optimization methods on various computers and on an hybrid computer. Comparison is made of the obtained results and of the computation times. Major parameter identification problems, which require a great many integrations o f differential or partial derivatives equation systems, should be processed on a hybrid computer. This type o f problem is very well adapted to hybrid techniques since an analog computer serves as a parallel integration operator, non existent in a digital computer.     

Scalable hybrid computation with spikes

We outline a hybrid analog-digital scheme for computing with three important features that enable it to scale to systems of large complexity: First, like digital computation, which uses several one-bit precise logical units to collectively compute a precise answer to a computation, the hybrid scheme uses several moderate-precision analog units to collectively compute a precise answer to a computation. Second, frequent discrete signal restoration of the analog information prevents analog noise and offset from degrading the computation. And, third, a state machine enables complex computations to be created using a sequence of elementary computations. A natural choice for implementing this hybrid scheme is one based on spikes because spike-count codes are digital, while spike-time codes are analog. We illustrate how spikes afford easy ways to implement all three components of scalable hybrid computation. First, as an important example of distributed analog computation, we show how spikes can create a distributed modular representation of an analog number by implementing digital carry interactions between spiking analog neurons. Second, we show how signal restoration may be performed by recursive spike-count quantization of spike-time codes. And, third, we use spikes from an analog dynamical system to trigger state transitions in a digital dynamical system, which reconfigures the analog dynamical system using a binary control vector; such feedback interactions between analog and digital dynamical systems create a hybrid state machine (HSM). The HSM extends and expands the concept of a digital finite-state-machine to the hybrid domain. We present experimental data from a two-neuron HSM on a chip that implements error-correcting analog-to-digital conversion with the concurrent use of spike-time and spike-count codes. We also present experimental data from silicon circuits that implement HSM-based pattern recognition using spike-time synchrony. We outline how HSMs may be used to perform learning, vector quantization, spike pattern recognition and generation, and how they may be reconfigured.     

Scaling problems in dynamic system simulation

Dynamic system simulation using analog or hybrid computers requires scaling of the variables. This problem arises also in digital simulation when fixed-point arithmetic is used. Prediction of variables extrema is the most difficult problem in scaling. Authors developed methods of estimation of variables based on direct Lyapunov method. General solution for the linear time-invariant systems was obtained. Extension of this solution for some classes of non-linear systems common in control engineering is also shown.     

Modeling and computer simulations of anaerobic digestion process by dynamo

Modeling and computer simulations are found useful in studying the systems dynamics of biological processes. DYNAMO programming system is used in place of digital analog simulator program calles PACTOLUS to simulate a dynamic model of anaerobic digestion process. The use of dynamo is found satisfactory for this type of simulation scheme.     

Optical processing paradigms for electronic computers

Even if electronics were to reach some natural law, the authors state that photonics is not ready to replace electronics as the new platform for digital data processing. On the other hand, they say, photonics can greatly enhance the performance of electronic computers. Photonics already contributes to the fields of data storage and data communication. The missing link, however, between storage and communication is data processing. The authors describe a special optoelectronic architecture that can support data processing. In the context of their research, the authors discuss three computing paradigms: analog optical processing, which entails analog operations on sets of analog data obtained by a camera lens, for example; digital optical processing, which involves the use of light to perform digital logic; and analog-digital hybrid optical processing, which involves hybrid techniques and systems that can process both types of data     

Hybrid simulation of adaptive open loop control for parabolic systems

The “adaptive open loop control” is a compromise between the open loop and the closed loop controls. It consists in estimating the state of the system periodically in such a way that the control can be corrected, taking into account the estimated state, the final desired state and the criterion to be minimized. For a hybrid simulation, a linear parabolic system has been considered, with homogeneous boundary conditions and unknown initial condition. The purpose is to reach, in a finite time, a desired state profile, by minimising an energy criterion. The control is applied through a finite number of actuators (pointwise or by zones); the observation is made through a finite number of sensors. By using the eigenfunction method, it is possible to transform the original model into an infinite dimension set of decoupled ordinary differential equations. A hybrid simulation was carried out in real time, involving a truncated differential system simulated on the analog computer; the state estimation and the control being computed on the digital computer.     

A multi-user linear equalizer for uplink broadband millimeter wave massive MIMO

Most previous work on hybrid beamforming millimeter wave (mmWave) communications and massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems focused on narrowband channels. However, it is expected that the mmWave channels will be wideband, and for that reason, it is important to design solutions for frequency-selective channels. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the design of a hybrid analog/digital multiuser linear equalizer for broadband mmWave massive MIMO systems, optimized using the bit error rate (BER) as a metric. For the digital part, a closed-form solution is obtained by showing that the minimum mean square error (MMSE) and minimum BER solutions are identical. The analog part, which is assumed to be the same for all subcarriers, is computed iteratively over the radio frequency (RF) chains, and it is shown that the solution obtained in a previous iteration may be updated inexpensively to obtain a solution for the current iteration. The simulation results show that the performance gap between the proposed hybrid broadband multiuser equalizer and full digital equalizer decreases monotonically and exponentially with the number of RF chains until reaching zero. Moreover, the gap decay rate is faster for sparser mmWave channels, where fewer RF chains are required to achieve the same performance of the full digital architecture.     

Emulation of complex open quantum systems using superconducting qubits

With quantum computers being out of reach for now, quantum simulators are alternative devices for efficient and accurate simulation of problems that are challenging to tackle using conventional computers. Quantum simulators are classified into analog and digital, with the possibility of constructing “hybrid” simulators by combining both techniques. Here we focus on analog quantum simulators of open quantum systems and address the limit that they can beat classical computers. In particular, as an example, we discuss simulation of the chlorosome light-harvesting antenna from green sulfur bacteria with over 250 phonon modes coupled to each electronic state. Furthermore, we propose physical setups that can be used to reproduce the quantum dynamics of a standard and multiple-mode Holstein model. The proposed scheme is based on currently available technology of superconducting circuits consist of flux qubits and quantum oscillators.     

T型路口全感应交通控制器的设计

伴随着集成电路(IC)技术的发展,电子设计自动化(EDA)逐渐成为重要的设计手段,已经广泛应用于模拟与数字电路系统等许多领域。利用EDA工具可以在电子设计的各个阶段、各个层次进行计算机模拟仿真,保证设计工程的正确性,可以大大降低设计成本,缩短设计周期。交通灯控制系统可以实现交叉路口的红、绿灯自动控制,基于FPGA的交通控制系统具有电路简单、实时快速擦写、运算速度快、故障率低、可靠性高,而且体积小等特点。系统通过功能扩展、接口扩展可同时控制多个路口的红绿灯变换,可根据需要实现实时、快速擦写应用程序。设计采用了VHDL的结构描述风格,依据功能将系统分为控制模块、计数模块、显示模块、译码等模块,仿真结果表明控制系统自动实现了灯色的交替和转换,以及倒计时显示。     

双线性变换的递推算法

在数字控制器、数字滤波器的设计中,双线性变换是最常用的工具之一。但当系统的阶数较高时,实行双线性变换就比较繁琐。本文就双线性变换提出了适用于N阶系统的递推算法,并给出了利用递推算法的计算机辅助变换程序框图。     

Un sistema per la manipolazione di dati analogici

A system for handling analog data and, in particular, biomedical data, was developed and realized at the Istituto di Elaborazione dell'Informazione of the National Council of Research (CNR), Pisa.The system is a hybrid, special purpose, fixed program computer which performs A/D conversion and analog and digital operations. The system handles signals from d.c. up to 5 kHz, and accept repetition rate of input spike-wise signals up to 4 kHz. The analog operations that can be performed are: linear amplification, non linear amplification and band filtering. The digital ones, are: averaging, time and amplitude hystograms. When the system operates as A/D converter, the digital data are stored on a digital magnetic tape without interrupting the sampling process, by using a magnetic core memory as a buffer. Handling spike-wise signals, both amplitude and time coordinate are converted and stored in digital form.     

基于电子模拟计算机的动力学等效实验

电子模拟计算机,动力学,等效实验,仿真,非线性时变系统基于电学和动力学的广泛相似性,针对动力学实验复杂、可观测性差的实际,用电子模拟计算机实现动力系统的传递函数和基本算子,将动力学实验问题转化为电问题,从而可以利用成熟的电测量技术完成动力系统的仿真和实验.给出了基于电子模拟计算机的动力系统的基本元件的等效模型、典型动力系统的等效模拟和等效实验系统构架.模拟及仿真结果表明,文中方法简单、正确,应用范围广.     

毫米波无线通信系统混合波束成形综述

毫米波频段拥有大量未充分使用的频谱资源,能有效缓解低频段频谱拥塞,并且由于毫米波波长较短,能极大地减小大规模天线系统的物理尺寸,使得毫米波通信成为5 G无线通信系统潜在的关键技术之一。考虑到毫米波传播路径损耗严重,毫米波系统需采用波束成形技术改善传输质量。在毫米波大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-input multiple-out, MIMO)系统中,由于数字波束成形高功耗、高成本问题,混合数模波束成形成为重要的替代方案。本文首先阐述了毫米波混合波束成形的研究现状,而后给出了系统模型,最后介绍了信道估计、码本设计和低复杂度设计等混合波束成形的关键技术。     

Tricks and treats: Nonlinear operations in digital simulation

This report describes powerful shortcuts for programming common nonlinear functions, transfer characteristics, and signal generators useful for digital dynamic-system simulation, and also for digital instrumentation and control These computer routines are digital equivalents of analog diode and switching circuits. Recursion relations (difference equations) are often useful. Complete personal- computer programs demonstrate. limiters, hysteresis, backlash, function switches, and track/hold circuits, with practical applications to blood-circulation and control-rocket simulation, automatic display scaling, and computation of multi-run simulation envelopes.     

The use of hybrid computers for system-parameter estimation

This paper is devoted to the question in what way system-parameter estimation problems can be solved by means of hybrid equipment and what approaches are best suited for such problems.The combination of an analog model of the system under study and the digital computer taking care of the adjustment of that model is still an attractive scheme, in spite of the strong competition due to the rapid development of purely digital techniques.Advantages and problems are pointed out. Some illustrative examples are summarized.