复合SPD制备超细晶6061铝合金的组织及性能

采用反复镦压和等径角挤压相结合的复合挤压技术,在室温对退火态的6061铝合金进行4道次变形,获得等轴的超细晶铝合金。借助于透射电镜对变形过程的微观组织演变过程进行观察,提出了复合挤压过程中晶粒细化的过程。对不同实验状态的试样进行了硬度和拉伸实验,试样三个垂直面的硬度值增加了1倍,抗拉强度由165 MPa增加到402.7 MPa,但伸长率由26.8%下降到9.7%,复合挤压比等径角挤压对试样的力学性能影响更剧烈。     

冷轧结合T6热处理对7075铝合金组织和性能的影响

将7075铝合金经过先冷轧(Cold rolling,CR)后T6热处理(CR+T6)和先T6热处理后冷轧(T6+CR)两种方式进行处理,采用金相显微镜、透射电镜,结合材料拉伸力学性能分析研究了变形和热处理相结合对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的影响。结果表明,先冷轧后T6热处理对合金抗拉强度和延伸率影响不大,而先T6热处理后冷轧的试样屈服强度和抗拉强度随着变形量的增大显著提高。T6+40%(T6+CR的最优参数)与60%+T6(CR+T6的最优参数)的试样相比消耗的能量少且强度和塑性都更好。不同程度的晶界强化和位错强化是促使CR+T6和T6+CR处理试样力学性能改变的主要原因。     

热变形Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸试验研究热变形(锻造、轧制)Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W(原子分数/%,下同)合金的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明:铸态Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W合金为近层片组织,主要由α2/γ层片晶团及分布在层片晶团周围的少量γ相和β相组成,层片晶团平均尺寸为100μm;经热包套锻造后,层片晶团发生破碎、扭折,并且室温抗拉强度较铸态提高了77MPa,800℃抗拉强度提高了36MPa;该锻态合金经热包套轧制后,合金组织转变为细小的双态组织,平均晶粒尺寸为25μm,合金力学性能进一步提高,其中室温抗拉强度提高到603MPa,伸长率为1.0%,800℃抗拉强度提高到716MPa,伸长率为3.6%。     

铝含量对Ni_3Al基合金IC6E微观组织和力学性能的影响EI

为了确定Ni3Al基合金IC6E中最佳的铝含量,在成分为Ni-14.0Mo-7.2Al-0.025B(质量分数/%,下同)的母合金中,分别加入了四种不同含量的铝(0%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%),测定了这些合金的室温拉伸和1050℃/90MPa高温持久性能,并采用扫描电镜分析了这些合金的微观组织。综合考虑这些合金的微观组织以及力学性能,确定了在IC6E合金中最佳的铝含量为7.8%。     

Effect of Trace Sc and Zr on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al Alloy 2618

An experimental 2618(Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni) alloy added with trace Sc and Zr was prepared by ingot metallurgy (IM) method. The aging behavior of the alloy was studied by Vickers hardness measurement at 200℃ and 300℃, and the tensile properties of alloy specimens were measured at 20℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃. The microstructure was observed by using optical microscope, SEM and TEM. It was found that the addition of Sc and Zr to 2618 alloy resulted in a primary Al3(Sc,Zr) phase which could refine the grain because it acts as nuclei of heterogeneous crystallization in the melt during solidification. The secondary Al3(Sc, Zr) particles were full coherent with matrix and had obvious precipitation hardening effect. They also made the S' phase precipitate more homogeneous. So the strength of alloy increases at both ambient and elevated temperatures without a decrease of ductility. The ductile fracture of alloy occurs by microvoid nucleation, growth and coalescence, so the microvoid coalescence is the dominant fracture mechanism.     

电子束熔丝沉积4043/4074铝合金的组织与力学性能

目的 研究电子束熔丝沉积Al-Si合金的微观组织与力学性能以及后续热处理的影响。方法 采用电子束熔丝沉积快速成形技术,分别对直径2 mm的4043和4047铝合金丝材进行增材制造成形,研究样品在不同方向上的微观组织与力学性能以及后续热处理的影响。结果 打印态的4043和4047合金的致密度分别为99.81%和99.88%,热处理后略有降低,分别为98.94%和99.77%。打印态样品中含有一些由硅颗粒和杂质相组成的条带状微观组织。打印态样品中含有近似等轴状与棒状的两类细小Si颗粒。打印态样品在长、宽、高3个方向上的拉伸强度相当,4043合金的抗拉强度为120~127 MPa,伸长率为12%~30%;4047合金的抗拉强度为151~155 MPa,伸长率为15%~30%。经热处理后,样品的强度略有降低,但伸长率显著提升。结论 通过控制EBF3参数,可以获得致密无缺陷的具有良好力学性能的块体Al-Si合金样品,其力学性能可通过后续热处理进一步调控。     

微量Y对铸造Ni50Al20Fe30合金组织与性能的影响

研究了不同Ｙ含量对铸造Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０合金与性能的影响。结果表明,微量Ｙ的加入可以改善Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０合金的强强度与塑性。Ｙ含量为０．０５ｗｔ％－０．１ｗｔ％是合金最佳含量范围。微量Ｙ的加入影响合金的共晶区,可明显改变合金的微观组织形态。     

Effect of Thermal Oxidation on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of the PVD Hf‐Coated Mg Alloy

Hafnium coatings are fabricated on magnesium alloys by magnetron sputtering and are further submitted to the thermal oxidation treatment at temperature of 200, 300, and 400 °C. The thin hafnium oxide film and new grain boundaries are observed on the hafnium coatings during the appropriate treatment temperature (300 °C). These changes in microstructure result in surface densification, oxidation, and low porosity of the treated coating that significantly decrease its susceptibility to corrosion. Consequently, the thermal oxidation treatment hafnium coating exhibits a more positive corrosion potential, lower corrosion current density, and higher polarization resistance than that of the as‐deposited coating using an electrochemical system. Moreover, the enhanced adhesion of the treated coating produced by applying an appropriate treatment temperature facilitates an efficient long‐term protection of magnesium alloy.

     

焊接速度对 7A52 铝合金 FSW 组织及力学性能的影响

目的在保证搅拌速度一定时,针对8 mm厚的7A52铝合金,在不同焊接速度下采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)进行焊接试验,研究其焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能。方法利用搅拌摩擦焊机进行对接焊接,焊后制取金相试样观察焊接接头宏观形貌和显微组织,并测定其力学性能。结果7A52铝合金FSW焊接接头焊核区的面积随着焊接速度的增大而增大,当焊接速度为250mm/min时,焊接接头的焊核区面积最大,焊核区的显微组织都为细小的等轴晶,焊接接头横截面的焊核区呈明显"洋葱环"的形貌,而热力影响区的结构特征则呈现出了较高的塑性变形流线层。焊接接头显微硬度分布都呈现出"W"形变化,在焊接速度为150 mm/min时,焊接接头的平均抗拉强度能达到452 MPa,达到了母材抗拉强度的89%。结论通过对不同焊接速度下7A52铝合金FSW焊接接头的组织和性能进行研究,得到了不同焊接速度下焊接接头组织和力学性能。     

冷却速率对Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y变形镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过水冷和空冷两种冷却方式制备成分相同的Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y(质量分数/%,下同)铸态合金,挤压变形后进行时效处理,研究不同熔体冷却速率对挤压态和时效态合金组织性能的影响。结果表明:通过水冷冷却可以显著细化铸态组织,促进I相(Mg3YZn6)的生成,并抑制W相(Mg3Y2Zn3)的形核;由于初始组织不同,水冷和空冷两种冷却方式铸造的Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y合金经过挤压变形后,抗拉强度分别达到327MPa和306MPa,伸长率分别达到14.8%和10.0%;时效处理后,合金的晶粒尺寸和织构强度变化很小,析出的MgZn相和MgZn2相含量成为影响时效态合金性能的主要因素;时效处理挤压态水冷冷却铸造合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到330MPa和348MPa,伸长率为14.4%,与时效前相比略有减小;时效处理挤压态空冷铸造合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度增大至344MPa和359MPa,伸长率降至8.6%。     

Effect of Solution Annealing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Ni-Cr-W-Fe Alloy

The effect of solution annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-Cr-W-Fe alloy developed for advanced 700?C ultra-supercritical power plants was investigated. Test samples in this study were subjected to different solution treatments and the same aging treatment(at 760?C for 1 h).When solution annealing temperature was elevated from 1020?C to 1150?C, the stress-rupture life at750?C/320 MPa was increased from 60 h to 300 h, the stress-rupture elongation was enhanced from12% to 17%, and the elongation of the tensile at 750?C was improved from 11% to 24%. All tensile and stress-rupture samples displayed an intergranular dimple mixed fracture. Intergranular micro-cracks had a great relationship with the morphology of grain boundary carbides. Most carbides retained the morphology of globular shape and continuous thin plate. After tensile and stress-rupture tests, a few carbides were converted into lamellar. The results showed that intergranular micro-cracks were easier to form at continuous thin plate carbides than at globular shape carbides. Lamellar carbides hardly caused the nucleation of micro-cracks. Besides, grain boundaries sliding and elements diffusion during stressrupture tests led to the formation of precipitate free zones, which accelerated the extension of microcracks and influenced the stress-rupture life.