Evaluation of retail fresh meat packagings covered with stretch films of plasticized PVC and non‐PVC alternatives

The characteristics and performance of several non‐PVC stretch films were compared to those of plasticized PVC. Initially the main polymer components of the film were identified by infrared spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The differences between films in mechanical properties, such as puncture resistance and tensile strength, varied about a factor of two, while the differences in elongation at break were considerably higher. Plasticized PVC showed properties somewhere in the middle. The water vapour transmission was highest for PVC, while its permeability to oxygen was the lowest. The potential for overall migration was assessed by substitute testing, using 95% ethanol and isooctane as test media, and the migration from PVC was found to be the highest. However, after use of the appropriate reduction factor of four, as allowed for fresh meat, the PVC film also proved to conform to legislation. The potential for specific migration was investigated by solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography. Twenty‐four components were identified, of which 11 could be compared to relevant migration limits based on evaluations of the EU Scientific Committee for Food. The release of solvents was estimated by direct thermal desorption at 100°C. Four films of different composition were used in a storage experiment with fresh beef. The meat quality was followed by measurements of colour, microbiological quality (total colony forming units and lactic acid bacteria) and lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) through a prolonged shelf‐life test. No differences in meat quality during normal shelf‐life were seen as a function of the film used. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚苯乙烯蜂窝状多孔膜的制备及应用

以线性聚苯乙烯(PS)为膜材料,采用Breath Figures法制备了高度规整的蜂窝状结构多孔膜.研究了溶液浓度、环境湿度、气体吹扫速度及不同溶剂对多孔膜结构的影响.结果表明,相比于苯和二氯甲烷,氯仿作为溶剂因其挥发度适宜,PS浓度在20～80mg/mL的铸膜溶液可形成规整的蜂窝状结构多孔膜,且膜孔分布均匀、大小均一;制膜的湿度需高于环境湿度,但随着湿度的增加孔径增大;气体吹扫速度可在400～1000mL/min范围,但吹扫速度较大时孔径略有降低.该膜可作为固定诸如辣根过氧化酶等活性酶的载体,用于酶催化反应.     

Numerical modelling of non‐linear electroelasticity

The numerical modelling of non‐linear electroelasticity is presented in this work. Based on well‐established basic equations of non‐linear electroelasticity a variational formulation is built and the finite element method is employed to solve the non‐linear electro‐mechanical coupling problem. Numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy of the implemented formulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A refined non‐linear non‐conforming triangular plate/shell element

A refined non‐conforming triangular plate/shell element for geometric non‐linear analysis of plates/shells using the total Lagrangian/updated Lagrangian approach is constructed in this paper based on the refined non‐conforming element method for geometric non‐linear analysis. The Allman's triangular plane element with vertex degrees of freedom and the refined triangular plate‐bending element RT9 are used to construct the present element. Numerical examples demonstrate that the accuracy of the new element is quite high in the geometric non‐linear analysis of plates/shells. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling of non‐Fickian diffusion and dissolution from a thin polymeric coating: An application to drug‐eluting stents

In this paper, we present a general model for non‐Fickian diffusion and drug dissolution from a controlled drug delivery device coated with a thin polymeric layer. First, we study the stability and deduce an analytic solution to the problem. Then, we consider this solution and provide suitable boundary conditions to replace the problem of mass transport in the coating of a coronary drug‐eluting stent. With this approach, we reduced the computational cost of performing numerical simulations in complex 3‐dimensional geometries. The model for mass transport by a coronary drug‐eluting stent is coupled with a non‐Newtonian blood model flow. In order to show the effectiveness of the method, numerical experiments and a model validation with experimental data are also included. In particular, we investigate the influence of the non‐Newtonian flow regime on the drug deposition in the arterial wall.     

蜂窝纸板压缩破坏机理研究

从蜂窝纸板的结构和力学角度分析了蜂窝纸板的破坏模式、纸蜂窝芯的压缩破坏过程和蜂窝胞壁壁板受载破坏机理,得知蜂窝纸板的压缩破坏主要与纸蜂窝芯的结构和蜂窝胞壁的屈曲有关,为蜂窝纸板缓冲性能的研究提供了理论基础.     

Flexible multibody dynamics based on a non‐linear Euler–Bernoulli kinematics

This paper presents a new dynamic model of a multi‐beam system in the floating‐frame approach. The proposed solution can be used to model light flexible manipulators in fast dynamic conditions or large space structures undergoing moderate but finite deformations. The model is based on the non‐linear Euler–Bernoulli kinematics proposed in J. Mech. Mach. Theory 1999; 34 :205. From this ‘exact’ kinematics we develop two approximate models. The first one is a linear model with respect to the deformation parameters, the second is a quadratic one. These two models capture the dynamic stiffening, and are consistent in the sense that they contain all the terms up to their maximal order with respect to the energy conservation. These two models are tested by simulation and compared with the standard floating frame model based on linear elastic kinematics and with the finite element codes of Reference [23] (Module d'analyse de mécanismes flexibles MECANO: Manuel d'utilisation. LTAS report, University of Liege, Belgium, 1988). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

镁合金蜂窝板隔声性能分析

采用AZ31镁合金板材、AZ31镁合金蜂窝芯、铝合金蜂窝芯制备了镁合金蜂窝板和镁-铝蜂窝板,并测定具有不同结构参数的蜂窝板的隔声性能。预期高隔声镁合金蜂窝板应用于交通运输装备上,将可提高地板或壁板的减振降噪能力,极大改善乘坐的舒适性,提高能源效率。     

Nomex蜂窝在俄罗斯航空领域的发展及应用

本文对Ｎｏｍｅｘ蜂窝在俄罗斯航空领域的发展与应用进行了评述，并介绍了其研制水平及工艺特点。     

Non‐linear analysis of structures using high performance hybrid elements

In this work, we describe the formulation and implementation for stress‐based hybrid elements for conducting non‐linear analysis of elastic structures. The motivation behind developing these elements is that they should be as simple to use as standard displacement‐based isoparametric brick elements, but at the same time, be relatively immune to the shortcoming that these elements suffer from, namely, ‘locking’ problems which occur when they are used to model plate/shell geometries, almost incompressible materials or when the elements are distorted, and so on. The formulation is based on a two‐field mixed variational principle. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed elements on a variety of challenging problems involving very large deformations, buckling, mesh distortions, almost incompressible materials, etc. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型蜂窝产品的设计创新与形象语义研究

目的探索新型蜂窝结构产品的设计定义、开发创新、语义形象综合评价方法与市场定位洞察。方法借助SWOT产品语义分析方法,洞察新型蜂窝结构产品的市场机会,分析该类产品的功能价值、美学特质和设计运用,并在此基础上,借助产品语义关键词量表和雷达图等评估手段进行创新设计。挖掘出以蜂窝结构特质为内核,以"轻便、时尚、民主设计"为开发方向的产品设计思路,并进行产品开发。从设计方案中选择8款方案,从"结构强度、量产工艺、冗余可靠性、经济、可持续、外观造型"6个维度进行综合评价。结论蜂窝结构形式具有优良的结构特征和一定的产业价值,符合可持续设计的发展方向。从蜂窝结构和审美意象出发,在成型工艺、材料选配、制造关键技术提升的前提下,发挥蜂窝形式的仿生特质,运用设计手段进行巧妙的应用,从而创造出具有全新用户体验和生活美学特征的系列产品。     

无损探伤工业射线胶片常见伪缺陷简析

本文针对工业射线胶片在生产和使用中的伪缺陷问题，进行广泛分析，简述其产生原因、处理措施，期待对胶片生产销售技术人员、无损检测人员的工作有所帮助。     

蜂窝纸芯成形质量在线检测系统的开发

基于MATLAB 开发软件,对蜂窝纸板生产过程中蜂窝纸芯的成形质量进行了在线自动检测。将生产线上获得的蜂窝纸芯实际图像进行处理后,与标准模板图像进行比对运算,得出蜂窝纸芯的实际生产质量情况。比对算法的关键有2 个:在图像中寻找匹配目标;将实际图像与模板图像的匹配部分进行相似度计算。采用相关模板匹配的方法进行目标匹配,采用逐个像素点比较的方法进行相似度的比对计算,通过该算法可以高效快速地将实际图像与模板图像中提取的匹配部分进行运算,得到其相似度,获得产品的生产质量。     

A 1D Honeycomb‐Like Amorphous Zincic Vanadate for Stable and Fast Sodium‐Ion Storage

Developing nanomaterials with synergistic effects of various structural merits is considered to be an effective strategy to improve the sluggish ion kinetics and severe structural degradation of sodium‐ion battery (SIB) anodes. Herein, honeycomb‐like amorphous Zn₂V₂O₇ (ZVO‐AH) nanofibers as SIBs anode material with plentiful defective sites, complex cavities, and good mechanical flexibility are reported. The fabrication strategy relies on the expansive and volatile nature of the organic vanadium source, based on a simple electrospinning with subsequent calcination. Originating from the synergies of amorphous nature and honeycomb‐like cavities, ZVO‐AH shows increased electrochemical activity, accelerated Na‐ion diffusion, and robust structure. Impressively, the ZVO‐AH anode delivers superior cycle stability (112% retention at 5 A g^?1 after 5000 cycles) and high rate capability (150 mAh g^?1 at 10 A g^?1). The synthetic versatility is able to synergistically promote the practical application of more potential materials in sodium‐ion storage.