通道失配对极化敏感阵列滤波性能的影响

在极化敏感阵列通道失配条件下,建立了极化敏感阵列接收信号误差模型。把通道失配误差分解为阵元极化信息误差和阵列孔径信息误差,给出误差量明确物理解释。在单干扰源情况下,分析了通道失配对极化敏感阵列滤波性能的影响,并给出通道失配条件下,期望信号和干扰信号间的空间匹配系数、极化匹配系数和最大SINR表达式,最后,通过计算机仿真验证了文中结果,并给出有意义的结论。     

三维极化滤波及其参数估计

以高频地波雷达为背景,提出了三维极化向量滤波方法,此法能够滤除二维极化滤波不以滤除的干扰,综合提高极化域和空域的抗干扰能力。文中详细讨论了三维极化滤波参数的估计方法,并给出了扰极化度化度较高时参数的简化估计式。     

基于时频联合域极化滤波的高分辨极化雷达信号检测

本文以瞬态极化时频分析作为理论工具,针对高分辨极化雷达体制,提出了时频联合域极化滤波的概念;然后应用文中介绍的瞬态极化短时Fourier变换(STFT),提出了一种通过时频联合域积累的高分辨极化雷达信号检测算法.仿真实验表明了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

全保偏M-Z型光纤磁场传感系统实验研究

报道一种基于全保偏Mach Zender型干涉检测的光纤磁场传感系统。采用TbDyFe磁致伸缩材料,在长度约为10cm的裸保偏光纤上环绕了一层厚度约为2μm的膜,大大提高了磁致伸缩材料与光纤的附着性能,解决了光纤弯曲问题。选用保偏光纤耦合器、保偏光纤偏振器,构成包括传感部分在内的全部保偏的Mach Zender型光纤传感系统,从根本上抑制了系统偏振噪声;利用主动相位补偿法有效地消除了干涉仪系统的相位漂移。对系统的直流偏置和交流磁场响应特性进行了测试。实验结果表明,系统的相位随磁场变化的灵敏度为0.45458rad/mT,可检测的磁场分辨率达到2×10-8T。     

磁致伸缩材料被覆保偏光纤磁场传感研究

通过直流磁控溅射镀膜,将磁致伸缩材料———铽镝铁被覆在一段去掉保护层的保偏光纤上,得到铽镝铁被覆保偏光纤结构的磁传感单元。采用保偏光纤及保偏光纤器件,建立马赫-曾德尔光纤干涉仪,将铽镝铁被覆保偏光纤结构的磁传感部分接在干涉仪的一臂中间,另一臂中接入保偏光纤绕制的压电陶瓷调制器进行光纤干涉系统的相位控制。该系统通过压电陶瓷调制器将相位控制在正交工作点上,解决了系统的相位衰落;全保偏光纤结构有效控制了系统偏振诱导的信号衰落,实现了系统对信号的稳定检测。实验得到了系统在不同大小直流偏置磁场作用下的磁场响应特性,结果表明,较大直流偏置磁场可使系统响应灵敏度提高约20倍,最小可测的交流磁场信号达到2.2×10-8T。     

Energy Filtering of Charge Carriers: Current Trends,Challenges, and Prospects for Thermoelectric Materials

Exhaustive attempts are made in recent decades to improve the performance of thermoelectric materials that are utilized for waste heat‐to‐electricity conversion. Energy filtering of charge carriers is directed toward enhancing the material thermopower. This paper focuses on the theoretical concepts, experimental evidence, and the authors' view of energy filtering in the context of thermoelectric materials. Recent studies suggest that not all materials experience this effect with the same intensity. Although this effect theoretically demonstrates improvement of the thermopower, applying it poses certain constraints, which demands further research. Predicated on data documented in literature, the unusual dependence of the thermopower and conductivity upon charge carrier concentrations can be altered through the energy filtering approach. Upon surmounting the physical constraints discussed in this article, thermoelectric materials research may gain a new direction to enhance the power factor and thermoelectric figure of merit.     

极化自适应滤波算法的新实现

当目标信号与杂波干扰信号在时域、频域和空域的状态特征难以区分时,若两者在极化域可分,则可利用极化信息进行雷达目标检测。由于在强杂波的情况下信干比比较小,而且干扰的极化状态通常是未知的,或随时间或空间是不断变化的,传统的极化滤波算法并不能满足要求。文中针对强杂波环境下,提出了一种极化域新的自适应滤波算法,该方法基于线性约束最小方差(LCMV)准则,采用变极化接收技术,实现对信号的最佳接收,为实现实时处理和自适应快速变化的干扰,推导了一种递推极化滤波算法,为实现实时跟踪提供了一种可能,仿真结果也证明了该方法的有效性。     

极化敏感阵列滤波性能分析:完全极化情形

本文研究了完全极化情形下极化敏感阵列滤波性能.期望信号和干扰信号来自任意方向,并且任意极化,推导获得阵列最大输出信号干扰噪声比SINR,它是空间匹配系数和极化匹配系数的函数.与普通阵列相比较,极化敏感阵列不仅可以在空域滤波,而且可以在极化域滤波.当干扰和期望信号到达角差别较大时,阵列通过调整方向特性抑制干扰、增强信号;当干扰信号和期望信号到达角接近时,仍然可以利用它们极化状态的差异提高SINR.对于干扰方来讲,要想获得较好的干扰效果,干扰信号必须要和期望信号具有相同的到达角和极化状态.具体的算例结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

Realizing Super-High Piezoelectricity and Excellent Fatigue Resistance in Domain-Engineered Bismuth Titanate Ferroelectrics

Bismuth titanate (BIT) is widely known as one of the most prospective lead-free ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials in advanced high-temperature sensing applications. Despite significant advances in developing BIT ferroelectrics, it still faces major scientific and engineering challenges in realizing super-high performance to meet next-generation high-sensitivity and light-weight applications. Here, a novel ferroelectric domain-engineered BIT ceramic system is conceived that exhibits super-high piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃ = 38.5 pC N⁻¹) and inverse piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃^* = 46.7 pm V⁻¹) at low electric field as well as excellent fatigue resistance (stable up to 10⁷ cycles). The results reveal that the introduction of high-density layered (001)-type 180° domain walls with flexible polarization rotation features and the formation of small-size multi-domain states with low energy barriers are mainly responsible for the excellent electrical performance. To the best of knowledge, it is the first time to reveal such intriguing domain structures in BIT ceramics in detail, especially from the atomic-scale perspective by using atomic number (Z)-contrast imaging in combination with atomic-resolution polarization mapping. It is believed that this breakthrough conduces to comprehensively understand structural features of ferroelectric domains in BIT ceramics, and also opens a window for future developments of super-high performance in bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics via domain engineering.     

Unraveling Deterministic Mesoscopic Polarization Switching Mechanisms: Spatially Resolved Studies of a Tilt Grain Boundary in Bismuth Ferrite

The deterministic mesoscopic mechanism of ferroelectric domain nucleation is probed at a single atomically‐defined model defect: an artificially fabricated bicrystal grain boundary (GB) in an epitaxial bismuth ferrite film. Switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SS‐PFM) is used to map the variation of local hysteresis loops at the GB and in its immediate vicinity. It is found that the the influence of the GB on nucleation results in a slight shift of the negative nucleation bias to larger voltages. The mesoscopic mechanisms of domain nucleation in the bulk and at the GB are studied in detail using phase‐field modeling, elucidating the complex mechanisms governed by the interplay between ferroelectric and ferroelastic wall energies, depolarization fields, and interface charge. The combination of phase‐field modeling and SS‐PFM allows quantitative analysis of the mesoscopic mechanisms for polarization switching, and hence suggests a route for unraveling the mechanisms of polarization switching at a single defect level and ultimately optimizing materials properties through microstructure engineering.     

光纤偏振模色散和偏振相关损耗对超短光脉冲传输的影响

采用琼斯矩阵与随机耦合的波片模型（Monte—Carlo）方法相结合研究了在偏振模色散（PMD）和偏振相关损耗（PDL）共同作用下,超短光脉冲经光纤传输后脉冲被展宽的统计特性。结果表明,通过与偏振模色散的相互作用,偏振相关损耗可以引起光脉冲的压缩效应,同时脉冲展宽和压缩的概率密度分布与光纤偏振模色散及偏振相关损耗的相对数值存在十分密切的关系。在偏振模色散为0．05ps／km^1/2,光纤长度为75km的情况下,当偏振相关损耗均值从0．07dB／km增加到0．49dB／km时,光脉冲被压缩的概率从4．3％增大到92．9％。无论何种情况下,脉冲压缩和展宽的概率密度均可用瑞利-麦克斯韦分布函数进行描述。     

光纤传输系统偏振模色散对输出信号偏振度的影响

光纤通信系统的偏振模色散(PMD)是限制系统传输容量和距离的关键因素。系统输出信号的偏振度(DOP)反映了系统的偏振模色散。利用光纤通信系统的Jones矩阵模型，在理论上得到了系统的输出光脉冲Stokes矢量的表达式。在此基础上分析和计算了系统的输出脉冲的偏振度特性。结果表明，系统的输出信号的偏振度随入射脉冲偏振态的变化而变化，当入射脉冲偏振态与系统的主偏振态一致时，系统的输出信号的偏振度达到极大；同时，随着系统的偏振模色散幅度的增大而变小。系统的输出信号的偏振度还随着信号原始啁啾系数绝对值的增大而减小，但与啁啾系数的符号无关。     

半导体光放大器的偏振调制特性研究

首先理论分析了半导体光放大器的非线性偏振调制（PolM）效应,导出了稳态条件下SOA的偏振转换矩阵。通过数值仿真,描述了包括非线性自偏振调制（SPolM）、互偏振调制（XPolM）导致的偏振态在庞加球上的变化形态。计算结果表明,SOA偏振调制效应表现为偏振旋转特性,偏振旋转的大小由入射光强和偏振态决定,旋转结果表现为输出光中的TM模分量增加,而TE模分量下降。文章同时讨论了SOA驱动电流变化对PolM效应的影响以及由其引起的电光偏振调制（IPolM）效应,并仿真得出了电流变化导致的输出光偏振态的变化轨迹。     

Nanoscale Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Measurement,Theoretical Models,and Optimization Strategies

The demands for waste heat energy recovery from industrial production, solar energy, and electronic devices have resulted in increasing attention being focused on thermoelectric materials. Over the past two decades, significant progress is achieved in inorganic thermoelectric materials. In addition, with the proliferation of wireless mobile devices, economical, efficient, lightweight, and bio‐friendly organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials have gradually become promising candidates for thermoelectric devices used in room‐temperature environments. With the development of experimental measurement techniques, the manufacturing for nanoscale thermoelectric devices has become possible. A large number of studies have demonstrated the excellent performance of nanoscale thermoelectric devices, and further improvement of their thermoelectric conversion efficiency is expected to have a significant impact on global energy consumption. Here, the development of experimental measurement methods, theoretical models, and performance modulation for nanoscale OTE materials are summarized. Suggestions and prospects for the future development of these devices are also provided.     

BOTDA系统偏振效应研究动态

文章对布里渊光时域分析(BOTDA)分布式光纤传感系统中的偏振效应机理及受激布里渊散射的矢量模型分析进行了阐述。对目前国内外的研究现状,从受激布里渊散射效应中偏振相关布里渊增益谱分析、控制偏振态以及抑制偏振衰落技术等方面进行了详细介绍。布里渊光纤传感系统矢量建模分析和偏振态控制技术具有很好的研究前景,对未来研究中利用偏振态的敏感特性进行分布式传感光纤的温度、应变和振动信息测量及抑制偏振衰落来提高光纤传感系统空间分辨率都具有参考价值。     

Emerging Mono-Elemental Bismuth Nanostructures: Controlled Synthesis and Their Versatile Applications

Bismuth (Bi), as a nontoxic and inexpensive diamagnetic heavy metal, has recently been utilized for the preparation of a variety of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanosheets, etc., with a tunable bandgap, unique structure, excellent physicochemical properties, and compositional features for versatile properties, such as near-infrared absorbance, high X-ray attenuation coefficient, excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, and a long circulation half-life. These features have endowed mono-elemental Bi nanomaterials with desirable performances for electronics/optoelectronics, energy storage and conversion, catalysis, nonlinear photonics, sensors, biomedical applications, etc. This review summarizes the controlled synthesis of mono-elemental Bi nanomaterials with different shapes and sizes, highlights the state-of-the-art progress of the desired applications of mono-elemental Bi nanomaterials, and presents some personal insights on the challenges and future opportunities in this research area. It is hoped that the controllable manipulation techniques of Bi nanomaterials, along with their unique properties, can shed light on the next-generation devices based on Bi nanostructures and Bi-related nanomaterials.     

圆极化和水平极化天线在调频广播的应用对比分析

本文介绍了水平极化和圆极化两种天线的特点和参数,通过当地发射台安装的两副不同极化天线,在相同环境条件下收测其覆盖场强,将收测的数据进行对比,分析了两副天线的覆盖效果,并据此对调频广播发射天线的更新换代提出建议.     

涂覆球体的散射矩阵及极化分析

利用物理光学法及平面板块元法，通过场的Ｆｒａｎｚ表达式，对涂覆 散射阵进行了推导和计算，然后通过散射阵分析目标散场场的极化特性参数和最优极化，并给出了具体算体。     

Magnetic Field Induced Inter-Valley Trion Dynamics in Monolayer 2D Semiconductor

The valley polarization dynamics of excitonic states (excitons and trions) in monolayer (1L)-MoSe₂ under strong magnetic field are investigated. The experimentally observed magnetic-field-induced valley polarizations of trions (excitons) are analyzed by the rate equation model. It is found that the magnetic-field-induced valley polarizations are attributed to the asymmetric valley scattering of trions from K+ to K− valley and vice versa due to the degeneracy lifting of K+ and K− valleys by valley Zeeman effect under magnetic field. Moreover, the feeding of the valley-polarized excitons for trions formation and longer inter-valley scattering time reaching to a few nanoseconds at 10 K contribute to the larger valley polarization of trions than that of excitons in 1L-MoSe₂.