减容型氨制冷工艺是安全防范的有效技术手段

国内现行氨制冷工艺,系统繁杂,容器、管道及冷排管内容积大,充氨量必定随之加大,轻易成为“重大危险源”。而发达国家早己针对性地进行技术改革,减（简）容型制冷工艺乃措施之一,值得借鉴。     

Incorporated Organic Modified Ag Nanoparticles in Ormocer

Ag nanoparticles coated trisodium citrate were incorporated in ormocer by sol-gel method. The doping concentration of Ag in ormocer is about 1.0% in weight. The HRTEM demonstrated that the particles disperse in ormocer, and the size of Ag nanoparticles is 5-10 nm. The absorption band of Ag nanoparticle at 410 nm was observed.     

载银沸石抗菌剂的制备及其抗菌性能

本文通过离子交换法制备了抗菌性能良好的载银沸石抗菌剂,研究了制备工艺对抗菌剂载银量(CAg)及抗菌性能的影响.结果表明:AgNO3浓度对CAg的影响十分显著,随AgNO3浓度的增加CAg呈线性增加;反应温度对CAg也有较大影响,在50℃时CAg达到最大值;pH值和反应时间对CAg的影响不大,pH值从3增大到8,CAg仅增加0.21%,反应时间从1小时延长到8小时,CAg仅增加0.2%.制备工艺对抗菌性能的影响主要是由其对CAg的影响所引起的,增加体系的AgNO3浓度可明显提高抗菌剂的抗菌活性,pH值在3～8之间变化对抗菌性能没有明显影响.     

Synthesis of Starch-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Activity

In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared using silver nitrate as the metal precursor, starch as protecting agent, and sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) as a reducing agent by the chemical reduction method. The formation of the silver nanoparticles was monitored using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and particle size analyzer and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Synthesis of nanoparticles were carried out by varying different parameters, such as reaction temperature, concentration of reducing agent, concentration of silver ion in feed solution, type and concentration of the stabilizing agent, and stirrer speed expressed in terms of particle size and size distribution. Dispersion destabilization of colloidal nanoparticles was detected by Turbiscan. It was observed that size of the starch stabilized silver nanoparticles were lower than 10 nm. The microbial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles was examined by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Silver nanoparticles were tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. High bacterial activity was observed at very low concentrations of silver (below 1.39 μg/ml). The antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles has been assayed against Candida albicans.     

装甲铝合金显微硬度及微动磨损对其影响的研究

利用MH-6型显微硬度仪和MGW-01高频往复式微动磨损试验机进行7A52装甲铝合金的显微硬度测试和微动磨损试验,分析不同取向表面显微硬度及微动磨损试验对显微硬度的影响。结果表明不同取向表面显微硬度基本相同,试验范围内微动磨损表面显微硬度比基体表面显微硬度增加。     

Antimicrobial action effect and stability of nanosized silica hybrid Ag complex

Nanosized silica hybrid silver complex (NSS) showing strong antifungal activity, in which nanosilver (nano-Ag) was bound to silica (SiO2) molecules, was synthesized via gamma-irradiation at room temperature. NSS was characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FESEM images and EDXS data showed that well-dispersed 3-to-10-nm Ag nanoparticles (core part) were loaded onto the outer parts of 5-to-20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles. The antifungal efficiency of NSS was evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In the case of Rhizoctonia solani, the growth rate was decreased typically by more than 90% at a 6 microg/ml concentration of NSS as a medium additive. The antifungal-action mechanism was investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the NSS treatment against Botrytis cinerea. The stability and antimicrobial activity of NSS were determined, using the plate culture method, from several water samples containing NSS after 7-day NSS treatment. Moreover, the NSS solution maintained stable antifungal activity for at least 24 mos. These results suggest that NSS, an environment-friendly nanomaterial, can be used as strongly effective growth inhibitor of various microorganisms, making it applicable to diverse antimicrobial-control systems.     

Safe and Effective Reversal of Cancer Multidrug Resistance Using Sericin‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Lysosome‐Targeting Delivery in Mice

Multidrug resistance (MDR) and adverse side effects are the major challenges facing cancer chemotherapy. Here, pH/protease dually responsive, sericin‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SMSNs) for lysosomal delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to overcome MDR and reduce systemic toxicity are reported. Sericin, a natural protein from silkworm cocoons, is coated onto MSNs as a gatekeeper via pH sensitive imine linkages. The sericin shell prevents the premature leakage of encapsulated DOX from MSNs in extracellular environment. Once reaching drug‐resistant tumors, sericin's cell‐adhesive bioactivity enhances cellular uptake of SMSNs that are in turn transported into perinuclear lysosomes, thus avoiding drug efflux mediated by membrane‐bound pumps. Lysosomal acidity triggers cleavage of pH sensitive linkage between sericin and MSNs concurrently with lysosomal proteases deconstructing sericin shell. This pH/protease dual responsiveness leads to DOX burst release into cell nuclei, inducing effective cell death, thus reversing MDR. These DOX‐loaded SMSNs not only effectively kill drug‐resistant cells in vitro, but also significantly reduce the growth of DOX‐resistant MCF‐7/ADR (breast cancer cells) tumor by 70% in a preclinical animal model without eliciting systemic toxicity frequently encountered in current clinical therapeutic formulations. Thus, the dually responsive SMSNs are an effective, lysosome‐tropic, and bio‐safe delivery system for chemotherapeutics for combating MDR.     

Intracellular Uptake and Toxicity of Ag and CuO Nanoparticles: A Comparison Between Nanoparticles and their Corresponding Metal Ions

An increased understanding of nanoparticle toxicity and its impact on human health is essential to enable a safe use of nanoparticles in our society. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of a Trojan horse type mechanism for the toxicity of Ag‐nano and CuO‐nano particles and their corresponding metal ionic species (using CuCl₂ and AgNO₃), i.e., the importance of the solid particle to mediate cellular uptake and subsequent release of toxic species inside the cell. The human lung cell lines A549 and BEAS‐2B are used and cell death/membrane integrity and DNA damage are investigated by means of trypan blue staining and the comet assay, respectively. Chemical analysis of the cellular dose of copper and silver is performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and confocal Raman microscopy are employed to study cellular uptake and particle‐cell interactions. The results confirm a high uptake of CuO‐nano and Ag‐nano compared to no, or low, uptake of the soluble salts. CuO‐nano induces both cell death and DNA damage whereas CuCl₂ induces no toxicity. The opposite is observed for silver, where Ag‐nano does not cause any toxicity, whereas AgNO₃ induces a high level of cell death. In conclusion: CuO‐nano toxicity is predominantly mediated by intracellular uptake and subsequent release of copper ions, whereas no toxicity is observed for Ag‐nano due to low release of silver ions within short time periods.     

Detection and Classification of Related Lipopolysaccharides via a Small Array of Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides

A small array of antimicrobial peptides comprising three cysteine-terminated natural sequences covalently immobilized to pendant surface maleimide groups are used to bind and successfully discriminate five types of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules. Using surface plasmon resonance, LPSs isolated from four strains of Escherichia coli and one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa yield distinct binding profiles to the three immobilized peptides. Linear discriminant analysis generated 100% training set and 80% validation set classification success for the 40 samples evaluated. This work demonstrates the discriminatory binding capabilities of immobilized antimicrobial peptides toward LPS molecules and alludes to their use as probes in pathogen sensing devices potentially superior to the current state-of-the-art.     

Ag-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的微粒尺寸效应

本文用Maxwell-Gamett有效介质理论计算了不同体积成分比的Ag-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜在2.50 nm-830 nm波段的光学常数,考虑了由于金属颗粒尺寸对其内部传导电子平均自由程的限制而产生的尺寸效应。同时讨论了Ag-MgF2复合薄膜中的Ag微粒表面等离子体共振吸收峰的峰强、峰位、半高宽以及由于金属微粒的尺寸效应而引起的峰位移动的情况,并将考虑尺寸效应后所得到光学常数的理论值和实验结果进行了比较。     

Morphology Control and Optical Absorption Properties of Ag Nanoparticles by Ion Implantation

Ion implantation is a powerful method for fabricating nanoparticles in dielectric.For the actual application of nanoparticle composites,a careful control of nanoparticles has to be achieved.In this letter,the size,distribution and morphology of Ag nanoparticles are controlled by controlling the ion current density,ion implantation sequence and ion irradiation dose.Single layer Ag nanoparticles are formed by Ag+ion implantation at current density of 2.5μA/cm2.By Ag and Cu ions sequential implantation,the siz...     

纳米银对大肠杆菌的抗菌作用及其机制

以大肠杆菌为研究对象,对纳米银的抗菌效果进行了研究.并对其抗菌机制做了初步探讨.纳米银对大肠杆菌的抑制生长曲线的结果表明,20 μg/mL的纳米银能够完全抑制106 cfu/mL的大肠杆菌细胞生长,纳米银使大肠杆菌的延滞期加长,并且纳米银浓度越高,延滞期越长.采用透射电镜观察了经纳米银粒子处理过的大肠杆菌细胞形态变化过程,结果显示纳米银粒子先在细胞壁上产生小的孔洞,通过这些孔洞进入周质空间,导致细胞膜成分渗漏和破坏细胞膜,进而进入细胞内部.进入细胞内部的纳米银粒子使DNA浓缩呈紧张态,并与破损细菌的细胞质结合积聚,最后引起胞内物质流失.另外,纳米银对大肠杆菌总DNA影响的分析表明.随着纳米银浓度的增高,大肠杆菌总DNA样品降解的程度增大.     

The Role of Surface Chemistry on the Toxicity of Ag Nanoparticles

The role of surface chemistry on the toxicity of Ag nanoparticles is investigated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast as a platform for evaluation. Combining the shape‐controlled synthesis of Ag nanoparticles with a comprehensive characterization of their physicochemical properties, an understanding is formed of the correlation between the physicochemical parameters of nanoparticles and the inhibition growth of yeast cells upon the introduction of nanoparticles into the cell culture system. Capping agents, surface facets, and sample stability—the three experimental parameters that are inherent from the wet‐chemical synthesis of Ag nanoparticles—have a strong impact on toxicity evaluation. Hence, it is important to characterize surface properties of Ag nanoparticles in the nature of biological media and to understand the role that surface chemistry may interplay to correlate the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles with their biological response upon exposure. This work demonstrates the great importance of surface chemistry in designing experiments for reliable toxicity evaluation and in mitigating the toxicity of Ag nanoparticles for their safe use in future commercialization.     

Plasmon-enhanced Performance of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Based on Electrodeposited Ag Nanoparticles简

In the present work,pulse current deposition is used to deposit evenly distributed and uniformly sized Ag nanoparticles onto a TiO_2 nanotube array as photoelectrode in dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs),and the size and amount of loading Ag nanoparticles are controlled by the pulse deposition time.Due to the enhanced light absorption and electron—hole separation caused by plasmon effect,DSSCs based on Ag-modified TiO_2nanotube arrays show higher energy conversion efficiencies than those based on bare nanotubes with the same tube length.Particularly,DSSC based on nanotubes modified using pulse deposition time 1 s/3 s delivers the highest energy conversion efficiency of 1.68%and the largest short-circuit current of 4.37 mA/cm~2,while DSSC consisting of bare nanotubes exhibits efficiency of 1.20%and short-circuit current of2.27 mA/cm~2,which represents a 40%enhancement of cell efficiency in DSSC based on Ag-modified TiO_2nanotubes.It is also noted that overly long pulse deposition time will not further increase DSSC efficiency due to agglomeration of Ag particles.For example,when the pulse deposition time is increased to 2 s/6 s,DSSC based on Ag-modified nanotubes exhibits a lower efficiency of 1.42%.Moreover,high-concentration TiCl_4treatment on TiO_2 nanotube arrays can further increase the energy conversion efficiencies to 3.82%and2.61%for DSSC based on Ag-modified TiO_2 nanotubes and DSSC based on bare TiO_2 nanotubes,respectively,by significantly creating more surface area for dye loading.     

透射电镜电子束辐照法制备纳米银粒子

利用透射电镜中的电子柬对银（Ag）前驱体进行辐照,制备纳米Ag颗粒,分析结果表明,用化学还原法制得的Ag粒子的尺寸较大,约500nm,呈现多足结构的团聚状态,以化学还原法制得的Ag粒子作为前驱体,用电子柬辐照可得直径为2—50nm、外形圆形的纳米Ag颗粒,分散性好。     

Enhanced Polar Magneto-optical Kerr Rotation in Cobalt Thin Film Incorporating Ag Nanoparticles

We report an experimental study on the effect of Ag nanoparticles on the polar magneto-optical Kerr effect in cobalt thin film. The magneto-optical cobalt thin film was prepared by electron beam deposition method onto the Ag nanoparticles which were synthesized by laser ablation in liquid technique. Our results indicate that we have sufficient enhancement of polar magneto-optical Kerr effect of cobalt thin film around the surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles. Moreover, combination of surface plasmon resonance of the Ag nanoparticles and very thin Au layer can be attained the enhancement factor in all of visible spectral region.     

Platinum Nanoparticles to Enable Electrodynamic Therapy for Effective Cancer Treatment

Electrochemical therapy (EChT), by inserting electrodes directly into tumors to kill cancer cells under direct current (DC), is clinically used in several countries. In EChT, the drastic pH variation nearby the inserted electrodes is the main cause of tumor damage. However, its limited effective area and complex electrode configuration have hindered the clinical application of EChT in treating diverse tumor types. Herein, a conceptually new electric cancer treatment approach is presented through an electro‐driven catalytic reaction with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) under a square‐wave alternating current (AC). The electric current triggers a reaction between water molecules and chloride ions on the surface of the PtNPs, generating cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals. Such a mechanism, called electrodynamic therapy (EDT), enables effective killing of cancer cells within the whole electric field, in contrast to EChT, which is limited to areas nearby electrodes. Remarkable tumor destruction efficacy is further demonstrated in this in vivo EDT treatment with PtNPs. Therefore, this study presents a new type of cancer therapy strategy with a tumor‐killing mechanism different from existing methods, using nanoparticles with electrocatalytic functions. This EDT method appears to be minimally invasive, and is able to offer homogeneous killing effects to the entire tumor with a relatively large size.     

Investigation and Comparing the Effects of CNTs and Ag Nanoparticles Doping on YBCO Superconductor Properties

In this work, we investigate and compare doping effects of Ag nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the properties of Y₁Ba₂Cu₃ O _7?δ (YBCO) high-temperature superconductor. The YBCO samples were prepared using sol-gel method and characterized by resistivity versus temperature (ρ–T), the electrical field versus current density (E–J), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The results show that the orthorhombic phase of superconductivity was formed for all the prepared samples. Also, we found that the crystalline size of the YBCO samples decreases from 62 to 33 nm by adding CNTs and Ag nanoparticles to the compound. The pinning energy, critical current density and critical temperature of the samples increase by adding CNTs and Ag nanoparticles to YBCO compound, but CNTs play a more effective role than Ag nanoparticles in this compound.