Study of Back Contacts for CdTe Solar Cells

ZnTe/ZnTe:Cu layer is used as a complex back contact.The parmeters of CdTe solar cells with and without the complex back contacts are compared.The effects of un-doped layer thickness,doped concentration and post-deposition annealing temperature of the complex layer on solar cells preformance are investigated.The results show that ZnTe/ZnTe:Cu layer can improve back contacts and largely increase the conversion efficiency of CdTe solar cells.Un-doped layer and post-deposition annealing of high temperature can increase open voltage.Using the complex back contact,a small CdTe cell with fill factor of 73.14% and conversion efficiency of 12.93% is obtained.     

CdS/CdTe太阳电池的背接触

磷硝酸腐蚀是一种适宜于工业化生产的背表面刻蚀工艺.文中采用磷硝酸腐蚀CdTe薄膜,并用溴甲醇腐蚀作为对照实验,研究了两种腐蚀对材料性质的影响.随后用真空蒸发法分别沉积了四种背接触层,提出了适宜于工业化生产的背接触技术,并从实验和理论上对两种背接触结构的CdTe太阳电池进行了分析.     

CuSCN Modified Back Contacts for High Performance CZTSSe Solar Cells

Optimization of the back contact interface is crucial for improving the performance of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin film solar cells. In this paper, self-depleted CuSCN is deployed as an intermediate layer at the Mo/CZTS interface to improve the quality of the back contact. This CuSCN layer, obtained via aqueous solution processing, reduces the thickness of Mo(S,Se)₂ and eliminates multi-layer crystallization of the absorber by suppressing the undesirable reaction between Mo and Se during the selenization process. By regulating the selenium infiltration into the CZTS precursor films during the selenization process, highly crystalline, single-layer Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) absorber layers are realized. The single-layer CZTSSe absorber exhibits reduced carrier recombination, enhanced carrier density and increased work function. The improved back contact and absorber layer enables 11.1% power-conversion-efficiency to be achieved.     

温度循环下CdS/CdTe太阳电池稳定性的研究

对CdS/CdTe太阳电池在温度循环下的稳定性进行了研究,测定了其I-V特性曲线,并与室温下的电池作了比较.结果表明:经温度循环后电池的转换效率、填充因子和短路电流密度都有不同程度的下降,而用ZnTe作背接触层的电池稳定性有所改善.     

局部背接触结构单晶Si太阳电池的研究

报道了采用局部背接触结构的激光刻槽埋栅太阳电池的研究结果.模拟分析了局部背接触结构的作用,设计了合理的电池结构.通过工艺优化,得到了转换效率达到17.28%(大气质量AM=1.5 G,VOC=650.4mV,JSC=33.15 mA/cm2,FF=0.8014,电池面积为4 cm2)的太阳电池.     

氩氧气氛下沉积的CdTe薄膜及太阳电池的性质

研究了在氩氧气氛下近空间升华沉积CdTe的技术．发展了在表面十分平整的玻璃衬底上沉积优质CdTe薄膜的方法,对比了在玻璃衬底和CdS薄膜上CdTe薄膜的结构特征．通过研究氧分压对CdTe薄膜择优取向的影响,证实了在恰当的近空间升华沉积过程中,两种衬底上的CdTe薄膜具有相同的结构．研究了玻璃衬底上CdTe薄膜的电学与光学性质,观察了后处理对上述薄膜性质的影响,并研制出了效率达1338%的小面积CdTe 薄膜太阳电池．     

CdTe太阳能电池研究进展

详细叙述了制备ＣｄＴｅ基太阳能电池的各种技术及其特点、沉积后热处理工艺、背电极工艺及ＣｄＴｅ基太阳电池的研究进展;重点讨论了近空间升华技术、氯的热处理工艺、ＺｎＴｅ、Ｃｕ背电极技术。介绍ＣｄＴｅ基太阳电池的应用前景,以及存在的问题和解决和途径。     

Functionalization of Graphene Oxide Films with Au and MoOx Nanoparticles as Efficient p‐Contact Electrodes for Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

A graphene oxide (GO) film is functionalized with metal (Au) and metal‐oxide (MoO_x) nanoparticles (NPs) as a hole‐extraction layer for high‐performance inverted planar‐heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These NPs can increase the work function of GO, which is confirmed with X‐ray photoelectron spectra, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectra measurements. The down‐shifts of work functions lead to a decreased level of potential energy and hence increased V_oc of the PSC devices. Although the GO‐AuNP film shows rapid hole extraction and increased V_oc, a J_sc improvement is not observed because of localization of the extracted holes inside the AuNP that leads to rapid charge recombination, which is confirmed with transient photoelectric measurements. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the GO‐AuNP device attains 14.6%, which is comparable with that of the GO‐based device (14.4%). In contrast, the rapid hole extraction from perovskite to the GO‐MoO_x layer does not cause trapping of holes and delocalization of holes in the GO film accelerates rapid charge transfer to the indium tin oxide substrate; charge recombination in the perovskite/GO‐MoO_x interface is hence significantly retarded. The GO‐MoO_x device consequently shows significantly enhanced V_oc and J_sc, for which its device performance attains PCE of 16.7% with great reproducibility and enduring stability.     

CdS/CdTe叠层太阳电池的制备及其性能

CdS/CdTe太阳电池是薄膜太阳电池研究工作的一个重要方向.为了提高开路电压Voc、改善电池的光谱响应,进而提高电池的转换效率,在此提出CdS/CdTe叠层太阳电池结构.文中,叠层电池的顶电池由CdS/CdTe超薄层构成;底电池由CdS/CdTe薄膜层构成.经分析测试,实验制备的CdS/CdTe叠层太阳电池具有明显的叠层结构,开路电压最高达到了852mV,短路电流密度最大为13mA/cm2,填充因子最高为55.2%,这种叠层电池的效率达到了8.16%(0.071cm2).研究表明相对于传统的单层CdS/CdTe太阳电池,CdS/CdTe叠层电池的制备对研究如何提高CdS/CdTe太阳电池的光伏性能有一定的参考价值.     

CdS/CdTe叠层太阳电池的制备及其性能

CdS/CdTe太阳电池是薄膜太阳电池研究工作的一个重要方向.为了提高开路电压Voc、改善电池的光谱响应,进而提高电池的转换效率,在此提出CdS/CdTe叠层太阳电池结构.文中,叠层电池的顶电池由CdS/CdTe超薄层构成;底电池由CdS/CdTe薄膜层构成.经分析测试,实验制备的CdS/CdTe叠层太阳电池具有明显的叠层结构,开路电压最高达到了852mV,短路电流密度最大为13mA/cm2,填充因子最高为55.2%,这种叠层电池的效率达到了8.16%(0.071cm2).研究表明相对于传统的单层CdS/CdTe太阳电池,CdS/CdTe叠层电池的制备对研究如何提高CdS/CdTe太阳电池的光伏性能有一定的参考价值.     

低光强下CdTe太阳电池的性能研究

研究了低光强下CdTe太阳电池的性能变化.基于经典的CdS/CdTe结构,建立了短路电流、开路电压、填充因子和转换效率等参数与光强之间的关系模型,模拟了0.02～1kW/m2光强范围内的主要参数变化规律.结果表明,随着光强的减小,CdTe电池短路电流呈线性减小,开路电压呈指数下降,填充因子先增大,在0.3 kW/m2附近达到最大值,之后迅速降低;转换效率逐渐恶化.研究结果为CdTe薄膜太阳电池在室外低光强下和室内应用提供了理论基础.     

利用碳糊成膜法改进CdTe太阳电池背处理工艺

提出一种新型的制备Cd％太阳电池背接触方法。利用碳糊成膜法,将含Cu、Te的CdCl2浆状悬浊液涂覆在CdTe表面,只进行一次后退火,X射线衍射（XRD）、二次质子谱（SIMS）测试发现,就能同时达到CdCl2后处理的作用、形成CuxTe的缓冲层和降低背接触势垒的目的。实验结果表明。本文方法将传统的CdCl2后处理和形...     

背接触太阳电池的背面设计优化

利用quokka3仿真软件建立三维模型,对n型叉指背接触(IBC)单晶硅太阳电池的单元电池结构设计和栅线参数进行了仿真优化,并通过激光和丝网印刷进行了实验验证.实验结果表明,在不同IBC单元电池结构设计下,当p+发射区与n+背表面场区的宽度比值为4时,IBC太阳电池效率比宽度比值为2.3时的高0.11％.可通过减小单元...     

Application of copper thiocyanate for high open‐circuit voltages of CdTe solar cells

Copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) has proven to be a low‐cost, efficient hole‐transporting material for the emerging organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. Herein, we report that CuSCN can also be applied to CdTe thin‐film solar cells to achieve high open‐circuit voltages (V_OCs). By optimizing the thickness of the thermally evaporated CuSCN films, CdTe cells fabricated by close space sublimation in the superstrate configuration have achieved V_OCs as high as 872 mV, which is about 20–25 mV higher than the highest V_OC for the reference cells using the standard Cu/Au back contacts. CuSCN is a wide bandgap p‐type conductor with a conduction band higher than that of CdTe, leading to a conduction band offset that reflects electrons in CdTe, partially explaining the improved V_OCs. However, due to the low conductivity of CuSCN, CdTe cells using CuSCN/Au back contacts exhibited slightly lower fill factors than the cells using Cu/Au back contacts. With optimized CdS:O window layers, the power conversion efficiency of the best CdTe cell, using CuSCN/Au back contact, is 14.7%: slightly lower than that of the best cell (15.2%) using Cu/Au back contact. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

碲化锌插入层对碲化镉太阳电池性能参数影响的分析

分析了有Zn Te/ Zn Te∶Cu插入层的Cd Te太阳电池在能带结构上的变化.通过对比有无插入层的Cd Te太阳电池在C- V特性、I- V特性、光谱响应上的不同,肯定了插入层对改善背接触特性的作用,发现它还可以改善器件前结Cd S/ Cd Te的二极管特性和短波光谱响应.实验结果还表明,不掺杂的Zn Te对提高器件的效率是必要的.恰当的不掺杂层厚度和退火温度能有效地改进Cd Te太阳电池的性能,而对填充因子的提高最为显著     

背接触太阳电池发射区设计及可靠性研究

利用Silvaco-TCAD仿真软件全面系统地分析了不同发射区表面浓度和结深对n型插指背接触(IBC)太阳电池短路电流、开路电压、填充因子及转换效率的影响.借鉴双极半导体器件抗二次击穿技术,详细分析了不同发射区结深、发射区边缘刻蚀技术和发射区边缘选择性掺杂技术对IBC电池热击穿特性的影响.结果表明:发射区表面浓度越大、结深越深,IBC电池效率越高.当发射区表面浓度为5× 1020 cm-3、结深为1 μm时,转换效率高达23.35％.同时,深结发射区也有助于改善IBC电池的热击穿特性.发射区边缘刻蚀结构不具有改善IBC电池热击穿特性的作用,而发射区边缘选择性掺杂结构可有效改善IBC电池的热击穿特性,从而提高IBC太阳电池组件的可靠性.     

High‐Performance Hybrid Solar Cell Made from CdSe/CdTe Nanocrystals Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide and PCDTBT

Core/shell tetrapods synthesized from CdSe and CdTe exhibit a type II band offset that induces separation of charge upon photoexcitation and localizes carriers to different regions of the tetrahedral geometry. CdSe/CdTe nanocrystals immobilized on oleylamine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets can be homogeneously mixed with an organic dye (PCDTBT) to form donor–acceptor dispersed heterojunctions and exhibit a high power conversion efficiency of ～3.3% in solar cell devices. The near‐IR light absorbing type II nanocrystals complement the absorption spectrum of the visible light‐absorbing organics. The high efficiency is attributed to the amine‐functionalized rGO sheets, which allow intimate contact with the nanocrystals and efficient dispersal in the organic matrix, contributing to highly efficient charge separation and transfer at the nanocrystal, rGO, and polymer interfaces.     

N型背发射极晶体硅太阳电池模拟研究

N型晶体太阳电池由于少子寿命高、光致衰减低、弱光响应好等优点,近年来在高效率低成本太阳电池领域一直备受关注。利用PC1D模拟,对N型背发射极晶体硅太阳电池进行了分析。结果表明,背发射极掺杂浓度、结深、背表面复合速率、前表面掺杂浓度及复合速率都对电池转换效率有较大影响,尤其是电池前表面与背表面复合速率对电池性能的影响最为明显,而电池前表面场掺杂深度则对电池性能影响较小。对于前表面复合来说,当前表面复合速率小于1×103cm/s时,电池性能受表面复合速率变化的影响很小;但复合速率超过1×103cm/s后,电池转换效率快速下降。背表面复合对电池效率影响则更明显,当背表面复合速率超过1×104cm/s后,电池转换效率急剧下降,在背表面复合速率增大到1×106cm/s时,电池效率下降到不足5%,而在电池背表面复合速度较小时(10~103cm/s)则可获得较高的转换效率。     

石墨烯/CdTe肖特基结柔性薄膜太阳能电池研究

利用Matlab仿真模拟了石墨烯/P-CdTe肖特基结太阳能电池的光电特性。结果表明,电池的短路电流密度Jsc为23.9×10–3A/cm2、开路电压Voc为0.64 V、填充因子FF为79.0,转换效率η高达12%。与传统的氧化铟锡(ITO)电极比较,石墨烯柔韧性好,同时具备高透光和高导电的特性,可替代ITO作为新型电极材料来制备柔性薄膜太阳能电池。     

Voltage dependent photocurrent collection in CdTe/CdS solar cells

The voltage dependence of the photocurrent J_L(V) of CdTe/CdS solar cells has been characterized by separating the forward current from the photocurrent at several illumination intensities. J_L(V) reduces the fill factor (FF) of typical cells by 10–15 points, the open circuit voltage (V_OC) by 20–50 mV, and the efficiency by 2–4 points. Eliminating the effect of J_L(V) establishes superposition between light and dark J(V) curves for some cells. Two models for voltage dependent collection give reasonable fits to the data: (1) a single carrier Hecht model developed for drift collection in p‐i‐n solar cells in which fitting yields a parameter consistent with lifetimes of 10⁻⁹ s as measured by others; or (2) the standard depletion region and bulk diffusion length model fits almost as well. The simple Hecht‐like drift collection model for photocurrent gives very good agreement to J(V) curves measured under AM1·5 light on CdTe/CdS solar cells with FF from 53% to 70%, CdTe thickness from 1·8 to 7·0 µm, in initial and stressed states. Accelerated thermal and bias stressing increases J_L(V) losses as does insufficient Cu. This method provides a new metric for tracking device performance, characterizes transport in the high field depletion region, and quantifies a significant FF loss in CdTe solar cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.