用红木叶生态染料染棉的工艺探讨

用生态染料红木叶对棉进行染色,采用不同的媒染剂,分别为明矾、氯化亚锡、氯化钙、硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁,不同的媒染剂浓度;同时结合预媒、同媒和后媒三种媒染方法进行试验,对试样在水洗、摩擦、日晒以及汗渍牢度等方面的性能差异进行了对比。     

槐米染色棉织物工艺及其抗紫外性能研究

为实现槐米染料的工业化应用及提高棉织物的功能性,分析了使用壳聚糖、Al3+、Fe2+媒染剂预媒染色法对棉织物染色效果的影响,重点研究了铝预媒染方法染色温度、染色时间、pH值等工艺参数对染色棉织物K/S值的影响,并测试了槐米染色棉织物的抗紫外性能。结果表明:直接使用槐米染色的效果较差;壳聚糖媒染对上染效果影响不大,使用铝、铁媒染剂,可得到不同颜色的棉织物;铝媒染剂染色棉织物为鲜艳的黄色,为较好的媒染方法;铝预媒染染色方法染色优化条件为:温度为80℃,染色时间120分钟,染浴pH值为6.8;铝预媒染染色棉织物具有较好的抗紫外性能。     

活性染料用无醛固色剂的合成及应用

在氮气保护下,以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚(APEG)为原料,合成一种无醛固色剂,并作为固色剂应用于棉织物的活性染料染色中。考察了引发剂浓度、单体浓度、原料配比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对共聚物P(APEGDMDAAC)性能的影响,优化的共聚物合成工艺条件为:单体质量分数ω=50%,烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚用量为3%,反应温度80℃,反应时间6h,引发剂用量为0.4%,引发剂的加料分式为连续滴加。结果表明,在活性染料染色中,该固色剂对棉织物具有较好的固色性能,经其处理的棉织物的染色牢度效果较好,湿摩擦牢度可达3级,干摩擦牢度可达4级,皂洗牢度可达4级。     

交联改性壳聚糖在棉织物活性染料染色中的应用

采用交联改性降解壳聚糖对棉织物进行接枝改性,考察壳聚糖接枝改性对棉织物雷马素活性染料染色性能的影响.结果表明:棉织物经壳聚糖改性后,增加了织物表面对染料阴离子的亲和力和固着力,上染率和K/S值都有所提升,其固色率也有很大提高,均达80%以上;经雷马素红RR和雷马素黄RR染色后,改性棉织物的干、湿摩擦牢度和耐皂洗褪色同未改性棉织物一样,分别为4、3~4和4级,耐皂洗沾色降低半级,为3~4级.用雷马素蓝RR染色后,改性棉织物干摩擦牢度提高半级,达4级,湿摩擦牢度和耐皂洗等级同未改性棉织物一样,分别为3~4和4级.     

固色剂AF-80对棉织物染色性能的影响研究

采用固色剂AF-80对染色后的棉织物进行固色处理,分析了固色剂浓度和固色温度对固色率及干湿摩擦牢度的影响。结果表明:在不影响棉织物的鲜艳度和手感的前提下,固色剂浓度3%、固色温度60℃时,固色率明显改善,干摩擦牢度提高0.5级,湿摩擦牢度提高1级,满足染整加工技术要求。     

封闭型水性聚氨酯的固色应用

采用封闭型水性聚氨酯对棉织物进行固色研究,探讨了水性聚氨酯的用量、催化剂的使用以及固色工艺对固色效果的影响。结果显示,当水性聚氨酯的用量为40~60 g/L,催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(T-12)为水性聚氨酯用量的0.7%时,固色后棉织物的湿摩擦牢度可达到4级,且汽蒸工艺有助于湿摩擦牢度的提高。用红外光谱差谱技术研究了固色机理,结果表明,水性聚氨酯因其成膜性以及覆盖染料的作用而提高色牢度,尤其是湿摩擦牢度。     

灵菌红素的染色性能研究

灵菌红素是一类含甲氧基吡咯骨架结构的天然色素,具有多种生物活性,难溶于水,易溶于乙醇,所以用乙醇与水的混合溶液作为灵菌红素染色的溶剂。本文研究了温度、浴比、pH值等因素对灵菌红素染羊毛、腈纶的染色动力学的影响,结果显示最佳染色工艺条件。由于灵菌红素对羊毛的染色牢度较低,进一步讨论了媒染剂对灵菌红素上染羊毛织物的影响,结果显示Al^3＋处理后的染色织物色光变化较小,皂洗牢度和干湿摩擦牢度均有提升。抗菌性实验说明用灵菌红素染色后的织物具有良好的抗菌性。     

乙烯砜型橙色活性染料的制备及染色性能研究

以4-β-羟乙砜基硫酸酯苯胺-2-磺酸和间苯二胺为原料,通过重氮化和偶合反应制备了乙烯砜型橙色活性染料,染料的最大吸收波长为442 nm,通过红外和液-质联用对产物结构进行了表征。通过浸染染色工艺,将该乙烯砜型橙色活性染料用于棉纤维的染色研究,结果表明该染料在棉纤维上的固色率为65. 1%,染色棉纤维的干/湿摩擦牢度分别为4和3级,日晒牢度4级,水洗变色牢度3～4级,沾色(棉)牢度4～5级。     

还原剂SRP在天然靛蓝染色中的应用研究

本文研究了应用还原剂SRP还原天然靛蓝对棉织物进行染色,通过单因素分析和正交试验法优化了天然靛蓝的染色工艺,并研究了还原剂SRP结构和还原电位。通过染色织物K/S值、色牢度等评级,得到优化工艺为:天然靛蓝5%(o. w. f.),还原剂SRP 30 g/L,烧碱3. 33 g/L,60℃下还原15 min;染色时,氯化钠70 g/L,染色温度20℃,染色时间75 min。在优化条件下染色织物的皂洗牢度和汗渍牢度均达到4～5级,日晒牢度3～4级,但摩擦牢度低于3级。还原剂SRP中主要含有S和Na以及其他少量元素;还原电位与还原剂结构、还原剂浓度和烧碱浓度有关,染料的存在使还原电位绝对值增大;还原电位绝对值越高,染色织物的K/S值越大。     

改善活性染料的湿摩擦牢度

本文使用不同皂洗剂分别对活性染料染色的纯棉织物进行皂洗后处理,并对皂洗后处理时的皂洗温度、皂洗时间以及皂洗次数等工艺条件进行探讨,着力于能否降低皂洗温度,实现低温皂洗,从而达到节省能源而又提高活性染料湿摩擦牢度的目的。     

核桃青皮醇提物对棉织物染色性能的研究

为解决天然染料核桃青皮染色色调单一的问题,以颜色特征值和染色牢度为指标,通过单因素和正交实验优化了影响染色效果的温度、时间、pH值及核桃青皮色素染液的质量浓度等因素,比较了单金属盐的不同媒染方法和双金属盐复配对纯棉织物染色性能的影响。结果表明,核桃青皮色素染色的优化条件为：温度90oC、质量浓度71.40 g/L、染浴pH=4.0、时间140 min。核桃青皮提取液染色棉织物色谱的范围广,耐摩擦牢度好;耐皂洗牢度上单金属盐媒染是后媒＞前媒＞同浴＞直接染色,双金属盐复配及Fe3+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Al3+、Cr6+等单金属盐媒染的耐皂洗色牢度均能达到3级以上。X-射线衍射分析表明棉织物内部结构未受影响,Fe3+、Fe2+、Cr6+、Sr2+、Na+和K+等单金属盐和Fe2+/Cu2+、Fe2+/Ti4+、Cu2+/Ti4+、Cu2+/Sn2+、Al3+/Cr6+、Cr6+/Ti4+和Cr6+/Sn2+等双金属盐媒染后的棉织物紫外线防护能力增强。     

天然染料腐植酸在纯棉针织物染色上的研究

通过在碱剂、温度、助剂对天然染料腐植酸在纯棉针织物上的上染探讨了腐植酸在纯棉针织物上的染色工艺。在外加盐NaC l的作用下,使用Fe3＋为酶染剂上染纯棉针织物的最佳工艺是pH=3.5、CFe3＋=4g/L,T=35℃,浴比：1：50情况下浸染30m in。     

Mordant dye application on cotton: optimisation and combination with natural dyes

It is well known that cotton fibres can be dyed through the formation of coordinate bonds involving cellulose chains, mordants such as alum, and natural dyes such as alizarin. Similarly, synthetic dyes known as mordant acid dyes can be used to dye wool fibres. Unlike mordant dyes on wool, the fastnesses of natural dyes on cotton are often low. Although concerns surrounding textile sustainability have sparked renewed interest in the use of natural dyes, extensive replacement of synthetic dyes with natural dyes is neither practical nor fundamentally possible. However, similarities in dyeing methods using mordant and natural dyes raise the possibility of using mordant dyes as alternatives to natural dyes in the dyeing of cotton. Further, the potential for combining suitable dyes from these two classes to expand the colour gamut currently available from natural dyes on cotton seem worthy of exploration. The results of this study indicate that shades comparable with those produced by natural dyes can be obtained on cotton using select mordant dyes following Fe²⁺ and Al³⁺ pretreatments. The best results were obtained using a two‐step/two‐bath process and dyes such as CI Mordant Blue 13 and CI Mordant Orange 6. In evaluations of mordant and natural dye combinations using the two mordant dyes logwood and Osage orange as prototypes, interesting fabric shades were obtained. However, the fastness properties of these dyes must be improved in order to produce commercially viable dyeings.     

栀子染料染棉针织物的染色工艺研究

以栀子染料染得更深、牢度更好的棉针织物为出发点,主要研究了栀子染料的提取,金属离子Fe^2＋,Al^3＋对棉针织物媒染效果,并通过单因素优化、正交实验确定栀子染料金属铝预媒染的最佳工艺。结果表明：铝离子预媒染用于棉针织物染色的最佳工艺为：浴比1：25,温度75℃,染液pH值5,媒染剂用量6％（owf）,染料用量45％（owf）。     

Application of rare earth as mordant for the dyeing of ramie fabrics with natural dyes

Selecting appropriate metallic compounds as mordants is essential for dyeing with natural dyes. This paper presents the application of rare earth compounds as mordant for the dyeing of ramie fabrics with four kinds of natural dyes. The influences of pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting, and post-mordanting on the dyeing effect were explored. The post-mordanting was proved to give rise to the highest dye uptake. The effects of dyeing conditions including dyeing temperature and time, dyeing bath pH and the concentration of rare earth on the dye uptake were investigated systematically. The fabrics dyed with natural dyes in presence of rare earth as mordant exhibited high color shade stability in the baths with pH varying from being acidic to neutral and alkaline. Employing rare earth as mordant apparently raised the color fastness to washing, rubbing and light of the ramie fabrics dyed with the natural extracts. In comparison with the commonly used metallic salts, using rare earth chlorides as mordants can greatly reduce the ionic concentration employed in natural dyeing. This study proved that rare earth would be a kind or promising environmentally friendly mordant in natural dyeing.     

Cetylpyridinium chloride cationic finishing improves the dyeing and antibacterial properties of madder dyed cotton

In this work, after cationic pretreatment of cotton fabric with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), the compound of citric acid (CA) and succinic acid (SUA) were used as crosslinking agents to dye cotton fabrics with natural madder dye to improve the dyeing and antibacterial properties and realise the multifunctional finishing of cotton fabric. The effects of mordant dyeing, CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing, and CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing on the microstructure and properties of cotton fabrics were compared. The dyeing by the three processes occurred primarily in the amorphous zone of the fibres, and all kept the original crystalline form of the cotton. CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing and CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing increased the thermal stability of the cotton fabric. CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyed cotton obtained excellent dyeing results with the colour depth value (K/S) of 12.3 and rubbing fastness and washing fastness of levels 4–5, and the levelness and dye permeability were acceptable. Furthermore, the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.99%, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) reached 50+. Moreover, the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) increased by 55% compared with raw cotton. This showed that CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyed cotton had excellent antibacterial, anti-ultraviolet, and anti-wrinkle performances.     

The use of cochineal and Monascus purpureus as dyes for cotton fabric

This study describes the dyeing efficiency of cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) and Monascus purpureus colorants on cotton fabric. The effects of mordant, dyeing time and temperature on the shades and fastness properties of both colorants were studied. The colour coordinate values indicate that the cochineal colorant exhibited higher colour strength than M. purpureus for premordanted cotton fabric (4% owf). Optimum dyeing with M. purpureus was observed at a temperature of 80 °C for 80 min at a 30:1 liquor ratio. However, for cochineal, the optimum dyeing conditions were 60 °C for 60 min at a 40:1 liquor ratio. Furthermore, both colorants demonstrated moderate to good fastness properties. The results of the study indicate that cochineal has better dyeing properties than M. purpureus colorants.     

Effects of additives on the dyeing of cotton yarn with the aqueous extract of Combretum latifolium Blume stems

Flavonoid constituents from the aqueous extract of the stems of Combretum latifolium Blume sourced in Thailand have potential use as dyestuffs for cotton dyeing. In an effort to improve current natural dyeing methods with this extract, further aspects of the process were studied. It was found that, before equilibrium was reached, an increase in temperature led to an increase in dye adsorption rate of the extract; the initial rate and extent of dye adsorption was further increased by the addition of sodium chloride to the dyebath. In addition, cotton yarn pretreated with a chitosan solution (with and without a crosslinking glyoxal solution), followed by dyeing with C. latifolium extract, provided better depth of shade and also gave better fastness to light and washing than the untreated cotton yarn. Post‐mordanting cotton yarn with a biomordant solution from Memecylon scutellatum leaves also gave good light and wash fastness of the resulting dyed cotton, comparable with the dyeing results with the less environmentally friendly alum as a mordant.     

Using carbon black nanoparticles to dye the cationic‐modified cotton fabrics

Carbon black (CB) aqueous dispersion was prepared and used to dye the cationic‐modified cotton fabrics through exhaust dyeing process. The effects of CB concentration, CB nanoparticles size, dyeing bath pH, dyeing time and dyeing temperature were investigated. The color yields of dyed fabrics were evaluated on Kubelka‐Munk value K/S. The surface morphologies of cationic modified and nonmodified cotton fabrics were measured by video microscope. The fabrics presented 18.9 of the color yield with the dyeing conditions: the dyeing solution contained 2% o.w.f. CB and dyeing at 80°C for 30 min with pH 13 using a 50 : 1 liquor ratio. The images of the video microscope demonstrated a clear surface profile for the cationic‐modified cotton fabrics dyed with smaller CB particle size solutions. These results indicated that CB nanoparticles were suitable for dyeing the cotton fabrics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011