回流污泥预浓缩强化新型氧化沟系统生物除磷的研究(英文)

A pilot-scale,pre-anoxic-anaerobic oxidation ditch was used in this study to treat municipal wastewater with limited carbon source.A novel return activated sludge(RAS) pre-concentration tank was adopted for improv-ing the phosphorus removal efficiency and the effects of RAS pre-concentration ratio were studied.Under the opti-mal operational condition,the suspended total phosphorus(STP) and the total phosphorus(TP) removal efficiencies were around 58.9% and 63.9% respectively and the effluent-P was lower than 0.8 mg·L-1.The reason is that with the optimal RAS pre-concentration ratio,nitrate is completely removed with endogenous carbon source and the secondary phosphorus release is strictly restrained in the pre-anoxic tank.Therefore,the anaerobic phosphorus release and the carbon source uptake by phosphorus accumulation organisms(PAOs) in the sludge,which are ex-tremely important to the phosphorus removal process,can be fully satisfied.Furthermore,the oxidation-reduction potential is proved to be suitable for controlling the RAS pre-concentration ratio due to influent fluctuation and varied conditions.The novel modified system is also beneficial for PAO accumulation.     

耦合内置缺氧区的氧化沟系统强化脱氮除磷的研究(英文)

A novel modified pilot scale anaerobic oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones was operated experimentally, aiming to study the improvement of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the effect of enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal in the process. Under all experimental conditions, the anaerobic-oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones and an internal recycle ratio of 200% had the highest nutrient removal efficiency. The effluent NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), PO43-P and total phosphorus (TP) contents were 1.2mg·L-1 , 13mg·L-1, 0.3mg·L-1 and 0.4mg·L-1, respectively, all met the discharge standards in China. The TN and TP removal efficiencies were remarkably improved from 37% and 50% to 65% and 88% with the presence of additional internal anoxic zones and internal recycle ratio of 200%. The results indicated that additional internal anoxic zones can optimize the utilization of available carbon source from the anaerobic outflow for denitrification. It was also found that phosphorus removal via the denitrification process was stimulated in the additional internal anoxic zones, which was beneficial for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal when treating wastewater with a limited carbon source. However, an excess internal recycle would cause nitrite to accumulate in the system. This seems to be harmful to biological phosphorus removal.     

Enhanced biological nutrient removal in modified carbon source division anaerobic anoxic oxic process with return activated sludge pre-concentration☆

A pilot-scale modified carbon source division anaerobic anoxic oxic (AAO) process with pre-concentration of returned activated sludge (RAS) was proposed in this study for the enhanced biological nutrient removal (BNR) of municipal wastewater with limited carbon source. The influent carbon source was fed in step while a novel RAS pre-concentration tank was adopted to improve BNR efficiency, and the effects of an influent carbon source distribution ratio and a RAS pre-concentration ratio were investigated. The results show that the removal efficiency of TN is mainly influenced by the carbon source distribution ratio while the TP removal relies on the RAS pre-concentration ratio. The optimum carbon source distribution ratio and RAS pre-concentration ratio are 60%and 50%, respectively, with an inner recycling ratio of 100%under the optimum steady operation of pilot test, reaching an average effluent TN concentration of 9.8 mg·L?1 with a removal efficiency of 63%and an average TP removal efficiency of 94%. The mechanism of nutrient removal is discussed and the kinetics is analyzed. The results reveal that the optimal carbon source distribution ratio provides sufficient denitrifying carbon source to each anoxic phase, reducing nitrate accumulation while the RAS pre-concentration ratio improves the condition of anaerobic zone to ensure the phosphorus release due to less nitrate in the returned sludge. Therefore, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulation organisms play an important role under the optimum condition, enhancing the performance of nutrient removal in this test.     

Biological Nutrient Removal in a Full Scale Anoxic/Anaerobic/Aerobic/ Pre-anoxic-MBR Plant for Low C/N Ratio Municipal Wastewater Treatment

A novel full scale modified A2O （anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic/pre-anoxic）-membrane bioreactor （MBR） plant combined with the step feed strategy was operated to improve the biological nutrient removal （BNR） from low C/N ratio municipal wastewater in Southern China. Transformation of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and membrane fouling were investigated. Experimental results for over four months demonstrated good efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand （COD） and NH4^＋-N removal, with average values higher than 84.5%and 98.1%, re-spectively. A relatively higher total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency （52.1%） was also obtained at low C/N ratio of 3.82, contributed by the configuration modification （anoxic zone before anaerobic zone） and the step feed with a distribution ratio of 1：1. Addition of sodium acetate into the anoxic zone as the external carbon source, with a theoretical amount of 31.3 mg COD per liter in influent, enhanced denitrification and the TN removal efficiency in-creased to 74.9%. Moreover, the total phosphate （TP） removal efficiency increased by 18.0%. It is suggested that the external carbon source is needed to improve the BNR performance in treating low C/N ratio municipal waste-water in the modified A^2O-MBR process.     

厌氧／缺氧SBR反硝化除磷过程的研究

Removal of denitrifying phosphorus was verified in a laboratory anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor (A/A SBR). The results obtained demonstrated that the anaerobic/anoxic strategy can enrich the growth of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) and take up phosphate under anoxic condition by using nitrate as the electron acceptor. The phosphorus removal efficiency was higher than 90% and the effluent phosphate concentration was lower than 1mg·L^-1 after the A/A SBR was operated in a steady-state. When the chemical oxygen demand(COD) of influent was lower than 180mg·L^-1, the more COD in the influent was, the higher efficiency of phosphorus removal could be attained under anoxic condition. However, simultaneous presence of carbon and nitrate would be detrimental to denitrifying phosphorus removal. Result of influence of sludge retention time (SRT) on denitrifying phosphorus removal suggested that the decrease of SRT caused a washout of DPB and consequently the enhanced biological phosphorus removal decreased with 8 days SRT. When the SRT was restored to 16 days, however, the efficiency of phosphorus removal was higher than 90%.     

氮源对利迪链菌素生产及相关次级代谢物分布的影响

The effects of nitrogen sources on streptolydigin production and distribution of secondary metabolites were investigated for flask cultured S.lydicus AS 4.2501.When peptone,asparamide,and glutamic acid were ex- amined as the nitrogen source,respectively,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）and photodiode array（PDA）analyses revealed the formation of two analogues of streptolydigin in the fermentation broth.When soybean meal was used as the source of nitrogen,three analogues of streptolydigin were detected.The use of am- monium sulfate as a source of nitrogen resulted in a lower pH value of the fermentation system,thus inhibiting streptolydigin biosynthesis and changing the metabolic profiling.Among the nitrogen sources that were made use of,glutamic acid was most favorable to the formation of streptolydigin.Simultaneously,this study also showed that the changing nitrogen sources resulted in altering the production and relative ratios of streptolydigin and its analogues.     

Denitrification and Dephosphatation by Anaerobic/Anoxic Sequencing Batch Reactor

Removal of denitrifying phosphorus was verified in a laboratory anaerobic/anoxic sequencing batch reactor (A/A SBR). The results obtained demonstrated that the anaerobic/anoxic strategy can enrich the growth of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) and take up phosphate under anoxic condition by using nitrate as the electron acceptor. The phosphorus removal efficiency was higher than 90% and the effluent phosphate concentration was lower than lmg·L-1 after the A/A SBR was operated in a steady-state. When the chemical oxygen demand(COD) of influent was lower than 180mg·L-1, the more COD in the influent was, the higher efficiency of phosphorus removal could be attained under anoxic condition. However, simultaneous presence of carbon and nitrate would be detrimental to denitrifying phosphorus removal. Result of influence of sludge retention time (SRT) on denitrifying phosphorus removal suggested that the decrease of SRT caused a washout of DPB and consequently the enhanced biological phosphorus     

Effect of Ferric Chloride on the Properties of Biological Sludge in Co-precipitation Phosphorus Removal Process

This paper studied the effect of ferric chloride on waste sludge digestion, dewatering and sedimentation under the optimized doses in co-precipitation phosphorus removal process. The experimental results showed that the concentration of mixed liquid suspended solid (MLSS) was 2436 mg稬^-1 and 2385 mg稬^-1 in co-precipitation phosphorus removal process (CPR) and biological phosphorous removal process (BPR), respectively. The sludge reduction ratio for each process was 22.6% and 24.6% in aerobic digestion, and 27.6% and 29.9% in anaerobic digestion, respectively. Due to the addition of chemical to the end of aeration tank, the sludge content of CPR was slightly higher than that of BPR, but the sludge reduction rate for both processes had no distinct difference. The sludge volume index (SVI) and sludge specific resistance of BPR were 126 ml穏^-1 and 11.7?10¹² m穔g^-1, respectively, while those of CPR were only 98 ml穏^-1 and 7.1?10¹² m穔g^-1, indicating that CPR chemical could improve sludge settling and dewatering.     

SBR好氧污泥颗粒的脱氮性能研究

The sequencing batch reactor （SBR） was started up by seeding the anaerobic granular sludge and the aerobic granular sludge was successfully cultivated. The performance characteristic of the aerobic granules for nitrogen removal was investigated in detail. The experimental results demonstrated the relationship between operational parameters [dissolved oxygen （DO） and pH] and variation of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonium （NH4^＋-N） and total nitrogen （TN）. In continuous flow pattern, COD was too low in the reactor at the later stage of a cycle, which restrained denitrification and decreased the removal of nitrogen, while in discontinuous flow pattern, the carbon source could be supplemented in time, which improved denitrification and increased the removal of TN from 66% to 81%.     

Determination of 4-nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol compounds in various types of wastewater and their removal rates in different treatment processes in nine wastewater treatment plants of Iran

Alkylphenols(APs), considered as xenoestrogenic compounds, mainly exist as 4-nonylphenol(4-NP) and 4-tertoctylphenol(4-t-OP) in environments. The high stability and accumulation of APs in aquatic systems have caused endocrine disruption. In this study we measured APs in the wastewater influent and effluent samples, from the urban, rural, livestock, commercial and hospital wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) in Iran. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction(DLLME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) was used for the extraction and determination of 4-NP and 4-t-OP. In these treatment plants, various processes such as activated sludge, aerated lagoon, moving bed biofilm reactor and activated sludge along with wetland were applied. The highest concentration of 4-NP and 4-t-OP was observed in commercial and livestock sewages. The activated sludge along with wetland and then the MBBR process showed the highest removal rates of pollutants. The rates of biodegradability and accumulation in sludge were determined and also the specific adsorption coefficient Kdand the organic carbon–water partition coefficient kOCof the sludge for APs were calculated.     

污泥厌氧发酵产酸机理及应用研究进展

为了实现污水中污泥减量化和资源化,对其进行厌氧消化是目前国际上应用最广泛的处理方法。酸化阶段的重要产物——挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）不仅可以作为污水脱氮除磷的碳源,还是合成生物质塑料聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHAs）的理想底物。简单介绍了污泥厌氧发酵产酸的代谢机理和微生物机理,对近年来污泥厌氧发酵产酸的研究成果进行了梳理,重点论述了底物种类、预处理技术、pH值、发酵温度等因素对污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响及研究进展,总结并对比了不同底物类型、发酵温度、酸性和碱性条件下都可影响发酵产酸的产量及酸种类分布,而污泥预处理技术则倾向于提高酸的产量,对酸种类分布影响不大。介绍了污泥厌氧发酵产酸在合成PHAs、生物能源和污水的脱氮除磷等方面的应用情况。最后,针对污泥厌氧发酵产酸会因底物有机成分不同,导致酸化效率有所差异,同时控制底物种类、pH值和温度等因素不仅影响产酸量,还会影响产酸类型和产物种类。提出了今后的研究方向主要是深入分析不同底物的酸化效率差异原因、污泥定向发酵产酸,实现总VFAs中各种酸比例调控。     

剩余污泥发酵同步反硝化系统污泥减量及反硝化性能

引言城市污水生物处理系统反硝化的顺利进行通常需要足够的碳源保证[1],而我国大部分污水厂存在碳源不足的问题,许多工艺中外加碳源的投加[2-3]大大增加了运行成本及控制系统的复杂性。剩余污泥的处理处置是城市污水处理厂的另一重点和难点[4]。为了实现剩余污泥的减量化和资源化[5-6],     

不同碳源类型对活性污泥PHA贮存及转化的影响

采用经乙酸钠驯化培养的具有吸放磷功能的活性污泥,考察了不同碳源类型对厌氧底物贮存和转化的影响,碳源包括乙酸/丙酸=1/2、乙酸/丙酸=2/1、丙酸、甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖、淀粉及生活污水。试验结果表明,以乙酸和丙酸为碳源时,系统的底物贮存量较大,其中进水乙酸/丙酸=1/2条件下系统内PHA及PHB含量最多,为6.0mmolC.L-1及4.25mmolC.L-1,而乙酸/丙酸=2/1条件下PHV含量最多,为3.69mmolC.L-1。系统可以利用甲醇、乙醇、葡萄糖、淀粉及生活污水作为碳源物质进行底物贮存,贮存物以PHB为主,但贮存量较乙酸及丙酸低。以乙酸及丙酸为碳源时,磷的释放量随着丙酸含量的增加而升高,丙酸为单一碳源条件下,磷的释放量达到最大值,为16.53mg.L-1。以淀粉及生活污水为碳源时释磷量小,为3.56mg.L-1与6.75mg.L-1,而甲醇、乙醇及葡萄糖为碳源时考察的活性污泥没有表现明显的释磷特性。     

外加碳源类型对A2/O-BCO系统脱氮除磷性能的影响

反硝化除磷系统可实现氮、磷的同步去除,但在处理实际低C/N污水时,常需补充碳源以解决碳源不足的问题。采用A²/O-BCO（anaerobic anoxic oxic-biological contact oxidation）反硝化除磷系统,通过投加两种常用的外碳源控制进水C/N在4.3左右,考察碳源类型（丙酸钠、乙酸钠）对A²/O-BCO系统长期运行效果的影响,并采用批次试验进一步探究不同外加碳源条件下活性污泥的内碳源贮存和利用特性。结果表明：碳源种类的变化会改变微生物的底物贮存和利用特性,进而影响系统的脱氮除磷效果。当采用丙酸钠为外加碳源时,PO₄^3--P去除效果稳定在94%左右,实现了磷的高效去除,但TIN的去除率仅为70.82%;而以乙酸钠为外加碳源时,系统TIN的平均去除率可以达到74%,但磷的出水浓度出现波动现象,平均去除率仅为89.90%。碳源转化分析表明,厌氧条件下,进水丙酸钠含量增多,PHV的合成比例增加,相反,乙酸钠含量增多,PHB合成比例增多;缺氧条件下,DPAOs对PHB和PHV的降解效果与其含量相关,丙酸钠作为外碳源时,PHV的降解速率高且微生物产能效率高,因此PO₄^3--P吸收速率较快。此外,本文提出了不同外加碳源条件下系统的优化运行策略。     

电解-A/0法处理酱菜废水研究

以酱菜废水作为研究水质,分别研究了电解法、厌氧、好氧活性污泥法处理酱菜废水;联用处理酱菜废水的COD、氨氮和色度的去除率分别为93.2%、98%和92%。     

温度对污泥厌氧发酵产酸过程的影响

污泥厌氧发酵不仅可以产生短链脂肪酸补充污水脱氮除磷【l】工艺中碳源的不足,还可以实现污泥的减量化和资源化。该文综述了温度对污泥厌氧发酵产酸影响的研究进展,着重讨论了温度对污泥厌氧发酵过程中水解、短链脂肪酸（scFAs）累积、甲烷的产生和污泥减量化等方面的影响,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

针铁矿促进剩余污泥厌氧消化中的脱氮除碳

剩余污泥厌氧消化因其较低的能源转化率使其发展有所受限,且污泥中高浓度有机质也会影响脱氮效果。理论上,在含铁(Ⅲ)（氢）氧化物的厌氧消化系统中,微生物能通过异化铁还原去除有机物和氨氮（Feammox）,但两者同步去除还有待验证。因此本研究通过向污泥厌氧消化系统中添加针铁矿,探究铁(Ⅲ)（氢）氧化物对同步脱氮除碳的影响。结果显示,随着针铁矿添加量的增加,反应器中有机物浓度逐渐减少。当添加50mmol/L针铁矿时,甲烷累积产量达到695.1mL,相较于没有添加针铁矿的厌氧系统提升了30.3%;TS/VS去除率也提升了21.1%/33.8%,说明针铁矿可有效促进污泥减量化。添加针铁矿的反应器中总氮去除率也有一定提升,当针铁矿添加50mmol/L时,去除率达到21.0%。以上结果表明,添加针铁矿可以在污泥厌氧消化中起到同时脱氮除碳的效果。     

溶解氧浓度对连续流活性污泥工艺反硝化除磷的影响

引言 随着水体富营养化问题的日渐突出,污水处理技术逐渐从单一去除有机物为目的的阶段进入既要去除有机物又要脱氮除磷的深度处理阶段[1].     

低碳源条件下反硝化同步除磷脱氮的研究

对低碳源条件下反硝化同步除磷脱氮的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,在低碳源情况下,硝基氮的消耗与磷的吸收呈线性关系,在厌氧段维持合适硝基氮与磷的质量比,可较好地实现同步去除氮磷,而污泥泥龄控制不当则影响反硝化除磷的效果.     

三污泥法处理抗生素类制药废水

为有效解决传统AAO法中存在的硝化菌、反硝化菌及聚磷菌三种细菌在污泥龄、碳源需求及回流污泥中携带的硝酸盐影响聚磷菌厌氧释放磷这三方面的矛盾，减少大量污泥回流、降低动力消耗、充分利用池容、切实提高污水处理效率，提出“三污泥”理念，对AAO进行关键性改进，改进后的缺氧池、厌氧池、好氧池等生化反应池均自带独立的泥水自动分离的装置，形成独特的三污泥系统(即纯粹的厌氧污泥、纯粹的缺氧污泥和纯粹的好氧污泥)，各池可根据运营需要各自控制污泥浓度，使各池中的活性污泥在各自最佳的环境中生长，互不干扰、相互独立，更高效发挥生物降解作用，创新性设计“改进型AAO法+生物滤池+絮凝沉淀耦合工艺”处理抗生素类制药废水，并与传统型组合技术进行比较。结果表明，进水主要污染物化学需氧量CODcr 253?581 mg/L、氨氮29.6?58.5 mg/L、全磷10.77?23.1 mg/L、设计流量30.0 L/h条件下，改进型技术取得了很好的处理效果，其CODcr、氨氮、全磷的平均去除率分别达80.2%, 73.1%, 96.1%，比改进前分别提高了6.9%, 6.1%, 3.4%，尾水CODcr、氨氮、全磷等三项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。