石煤钒矿钙化焙烧碱浸提钒工艺的实验研究

石煤钒矿经过钙化焙烧后,用氢氧化钠溶液浸取提钒。研究了钒矿的粒度、焙烧时间、焙烧温度、添加剂种类、氢氧化钠用量、液固比、浸取时间、浸取温度等因素对浸出率的影响。结果表明,在钒矿的粒径为100～200目,添加剂碳酸钙用量为5%,温度900℃的条件下焙烧2 h,液固比3∶1(质量比),氢氧化钠用量15%,碱浸温度103℃(微沸),碱浸时间为3 h的条件下,钒的浸出率可达到90%以上。     

氟化物为助浸剂时石煤提钒的碱浸工艺研究

用空白焙烧-碱浸法从石煤钒矿中提取钒,氟化物为助浸剂,考察NaOH浓度、浸出温度及时间、固液比、NaF/石煤质量比对浸出效果的影响。结果表明,加入助浸剂NaF有助于提高钒的浸出率,最佳浸出条件为:NaOH浓度40.00 g/dm,浸出温度85.0℃,浸出时间3.0 h,液固比4∶1(m L/g),NaF/石煤质量比0.15∶1。对浸出机制做出了初步探讨。     

氟化物为助浸剂时石煤提钒的碱浸工艺研究

用空白焙烧-碱浸法从石煤钒矿中提取钒,氟化物为助浸剂,考察NaOH浓度、浸出温度及时间、固液比、NaF/石煤质量比对浸出效果的影响。结果表明,加入助浸剂NaF有助于提高钒的浸出率,最佳浸出条件为:NaOH浓度40.00 g/dm,浸出温度85.0℃,浸出时间3.0 h,液固比4∶1(m L/g),NaF/石煤质量比0.15∶1。对浸出机制做出了初步探讨。     

湘西石煤碱浸提钒研究

采用碱浸提取湘西石煤中的钒,以不同强度的碱作为浸出剂,考察了粒径、预焙烧对钒浸出率的影响。石煤碱浸提钒时,氢氧化钠浸出效果最好,浸出剂碱性越强越有利于钒的浸出,直接碱浸时钒的浸出率较低,经预焙烧后,钒的浸出率明显提高,正交实验结果表明:在焙烧温度850℃、焙烧时间2 h、碱矿比1.4∶1、浸出温度95℃、浸出时间4 h和液固比1.2∶1的条件下,钒的浸出率为85.21%。     

软锰矿氧化石煤钒矿的湿法浸出研究

采用H2SO4浸出、软锰矿氧化石煤钒矿中的钒,考察了氧化剂量、酸用量、液固比、温度、时间对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明,石煤钒矿在钒锰物质量比为1∶2,固液比为1∶1,H2SO4用量为30%时,90℃下浸出10 h后,钒矿的晶体结构完全被破坏,钒的浸出率可达99.01%,锰的浸出率达98.32%。     

石煤灰渣二次焙烧稀酸浸出提钒工艺条件

为获得石煤灰渣二次焙烧稀酸浸出提钒工艺的优化条件,对该工艺钒浸出率的影响因素进行了实验研究.结果表明,二次焙烧温度、二次焙烧时间、熟料粒径、酸浸温度、硫酸浓度5种因素对钒浸出率的影响较大,酸浸液固体积质量比、酸浸时间的影响较小.最佳工艺条件为:二次焙烧温度850℃,二次焙烧时间1h,熟料粒径180μm以下,常温(18℃)酸浸,硫酸浓度0.36mol/L,液固比2~2.5mL/g,浸出时间0.25h.在此条件下,石煤灰渣钒浸出率可达81%以上.     

硫酸烧渣中铁浸取条件的研究及应用

以硫酸烧渣、废酸为原料制取铁系化工产品。通过硫酸烧渣的活化焙烧及硫酸浓度、固液比、浸取时间等关键工艺条件的研究，得到最佳浸取条件：即烧渣与活化剂质量配比4：1，固液比0．25～0．30g／mL，反应时间40～50min，酸度50％～60％。渣中铁浸取率达到95％以上，浸取液可以直接用于制备铁系产品。     

高炉瓦斯泥中有价金属锌和铋的回收利用

以高炉炼铁瓦斯泥为原料，采用湿法浸取回收其中的有价金属锌、铋以制备氧化锌和氯氧化铋。考察了一些主要因素对锌、铋浸取过程的影响，确定了浸取的最佳工艺条件。锌浸取过程最佳工艺条件：浸取温度50℃，氨水质量浓度0．1406g／mL，碳酸氢铵质量浓度0．0998g／mL，液固比3mL／g，浸取时间120min。铋浸取过程最佳工艺条件：浸取温度50℃，硫酸质量浓度0．1292g／mL，氯化钠质量浓度0．0361g／mL，液固比8．2mL／g，浸取时间60min。在此条件下，锌、铋的收率分别为70．0％和72．0％，产品氧化锌、氯氧化铋的质量分数分别达98％和92％以上。开发出一种从钢铁冶金企业瓦斯泥中回收利用有价金属锌和铋的二次资源综合利用的方法。     

从钴钼废催化剂中回收钼的新工艺研究

研究了从废催化剂中回收钼的新工艺，首先采用碳酸钠焙烧，再用热水浸取。分析了催化剂的颗粒度、焙烧条件、浸取条件对浸取率的影响。实验结果表明：回收钼的最佳工艺条件为，废催化剂颗粒度≤122μm、焙烧温度750℃、焙烧时间2h、浸取温度75℃、浸取时间4h、液固质量比6：1。在此条件下，钼的浸取率达到93％以上，产品钼酸钠的纯度达95％以上。该工艺具有能耗低，浸出率高等优点，具有潜在的应用前景。     

磷石膏、钾长石复合焙烧样的浸取条件研究

采用因素轮换法较系统地研究了温度、时间、液固比、浸取介质、焙烧样细度等对磷石膏、钾长石复合焙烧样钾溶出率的影响。实验结果表明,当焙烧样在浸取温度为70℃、浸取时间为2 h、液固比为4/1、浸取介质选用NH3.H2O且用量为焙烧样质量的2.0%、固样颗粒在0.064～0.074 mm时,焙烧样能达到较好的浸取效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。