Chatter Stability of Metal Cutting and Grinding

This paper reviews fundamental modeling of chatter vibrations in metal cutting and grinding processes. The avoidance of chatter vibrations in industry is also presented. The fundamentals of orthogonal chatter stability law and lobes are reviewed for single point machining operations where the process is one dimensional and time invariant. The application of orthogonal stability to turning and boring operations is presented while discussing the process nonlinearities that make the solution difficult in frequency domain. Modeling of drilling vibrations is discussed. The dynamic modeling and chatter stability of milling is presented. Various stability models are compared against experimentally validated time domain simulation model results. The dynamic time domain model of transverse and plunge grinding operations is presented with experimental results. Off-line and real-time chatter suppression techniques are summarized along with their practical applications and limitations in industry. The paper presents a series of research topics, which have yet to be studied for effective use of chatter prediction and suppression techniques in industry.     

新型陶瓷托辊专用磨床磨削颤振稳定性分析

为了避免陶瓷托辊专用磨床在加工过程中产生颤振而降低磨削质量,根据陶瓷托辊磨削加工机制,建立了陶瓷托辊磨削加工过程数学模型,通过MATLAB计算分析得出磨削深度与主轴转速的稳定性叶瓣图,确定了陶瓷托辊磨床在磨削深度低于4 mm时可无颤振稳定磨削。研究结果为陶瓷托辊专用磨床稳定磨削加工提供了参考。     

外圆磨削颤振监测方法设计

磨削颤振是影响加工质量和加工效率的重要因素,常需增加多个后续加工周期来满足加工质量的要求。采用涡流传感器、磨削力传感器、声发射传感器、加速度传感器和接触探头等多传感器对砂轮边沿的自激振荡进行测量,对自激振荡信号,提出采用幅值法和小波分析法进行分析处理,实现了磨削颤振的自动监测和预测,减少了加工周期,提高了加工效率。     

A New Method for Chatter Detection in Grinding

A new method for automatic chatter detection in outer-diameter grinding is proposed which exploits significant changes in grinding dynamics caused by the onset of chatter. The method is based on monitoring of a non-linear statistic called the coarse-grained entropy rate. The entropy rate is calculated from the fluctuations of the normal grinding force. Values of the entropy rate close to zero are typical of chatter, whereas larger values are typical of chatter-free grinding. If the entropy rate is normalized, a threshold value can be set which enables automatic distinction between chatter-free grinding and chatter.     

基于非线性磨削模型的稳态与颤振抑制的研究

在轧辊磨削过程中,选择稳态叶图边界曲线附近的参数易发生颤振,使得轧辊磨削工艺参数选择过于保守,导致磨削效率严重降低的问题。为此,通过引入Duffing振子,构建三自由度非线性轧辊磨削动力学模型。采用数值计算的方法,研究过程参数在稳态边界附近变化对轧辊磨削颤振的影响;为抑制轧辊磨削颤振,提出混沌摄动方法抑制颤振。结果表明：所提方法有良好的颤振抑制效果,为实际加工过程中参数选择和轧辊磨削颤振抑制提供参考。     

轧机工作辊磨削振纹检测与控制

研究分析轧辊磨削振纹产生原因,通过对设备、砂轮、磨削工艺、操作等方面进行改进优化,研制了专用的辊颈振纹检测方法和分级控制规则,有效控制了磨削振纹的产生.     

Chatter Stability of Plunge Milling

Plunge milling operations are used to remove excess material in boring cylinders, roughing pockets, dies and mold cavities. This paper presents a frequency domain, chatter stability prediction theory for plunge milling. The regenerative chip thickness is modeled as a function of lateral, axial and torsional vibrations. The stability of the plunge milling is formulated as a fourth order eigenvalue problem by relating the regenerative chip thickness, cutting forces and torque, and the structural modes of the cutter. The stability lobes are predicted analytically from the eigenvalue solution. The stability lobes are experimentally proven by conducting over one hundred plunge milling tests.     

Chatter suppression by adaptive speed modulation

In this paper a PD fuzzy logic controller is designed and implemented to suppress chatter in peripheral milling. The controller selects combinations of the amplitude and frequency of spindle speed modulation, online, to keep a chatter indicator, the R-value, close to a prescribed set point. The controller was successful in suppressing chatter at certain operating points. The effect of the control action delay time and the degree of process instability on the controller performance were addressed through simulations and experiments. At some operating points the controller resulted in an oscillatory behaviour of the process and the R-value fluctuated significantly. Stability lobes were used to explain this phenomenon. Strategies for enhancing the performance of the controller were proposed.     

薄壁筒车削颤振稳定性预测

切削颤振是制约薄壁筒工件加工质量和效率的主要因素之一。采用半离散法对含有时滞项的动力学方程进行稳定性预测分析,结合薄壁筒工件切削振动试验,研究刀具、工件动力学参数匹配关系变化对切削加工稳定性的影响。通过仿真分析得出:随着刀具刚度或固有频率的提升,切削系统稳定性呈上升趋势,但过度提升刀具刚度并不会有效提升切削稳定性;在刀具与工件固有频率接近处,切削系统的稳定性较差;适当调整刀具动态特性参数有利于提高柔性工件切削加工的稳定性;切削过程中,时变的切削位置和工件尺寸会引起切削系统动态特性的变化。根据时变稳定性预测图,从稳定性分析角度解释了一次走刀切削试验中薄壁筒工件表面出现不同加工形貌的原因。     

Chatter in machining processes: A review

Chatter is a self-excited vibration that can occur during machining operations and become a common limitation to productivity and part quality. For this reason, it has been a topic of industrial and academic interest in the manufacturing sector for many years. A great deal of research has been carried out since the late 1950s to solve the chatter problem. Researchers have studied how to detect, identify, avoid, prevent, reduce, control, or suppress chatter.This paper reviews the state of research on the chatter problem and classifies the existing methods developed to ensure stable cutting into those that use the lobbing effect, out-of-process or in-process, and those that, passively or actively, modify the system behaviour.     

Chatter suppression in five-axis machining of flexible parts

In this work on line and off line measures for chatter suppression in cutting flexible turbine blades on a five-axis machine were implemented. The off line measure was implemented by increasing the feed rate at times when the rotary axes were undergoing large increments. A spindle speed ramping controller was implemented for on line control. A combined scheme was also implemented where both the feed scheduling, off line, and speed ramping, on line, effected the cutting simultaneously. Cutting tests of aluminum turbine blades were conducted to test the effectiveness of the different vibration suppression measures. Each measure, on and off line, worked well individually, and better results were obtained under the combined scheme.     

切削颤振检测技术综述

为了减小切削颤振给工业生产带来的严重危害,国内外学者投入了大量精力研究其产生机理、颤振特性与控制方法.颤振的信号检测和正确判断是颤振预报和控制的基础,对颤振的检测信号、传感器和颤振信号的分析方法、颤振判别方法进行综述,总结了现有检测和分析方法的优缺点,展望了切削颤振检测技术的发展趋势.     

切削颤振数学模型的研究

切削系统的稳定性是高速加工领域的一个重要研究内容,在工程实践中有着广泛的应用.对于颤振临界不稳定性运动的研究,常采用动力学模型的方式.本文作者在切削颤振数学模型的基础上,建立了连续切削和断续切削的颤振数学模型,简化了切削颤振系统的自由度.     

Chatter suppression with an active workpiece holder

The productivity of machine tools is often limited due to chatter vibrations caused by relative displacements between the tool and the workpiece. The following article presents the systematic approach of the integration of an active workpiece holder with two high dynamic axes controlled by piezoelectric actuators onto a milling machine. With these additional highly dynamic axes near the tool center point, the active workpiece holder offers possibilities to prevent chatter vibrations.