丢糟、淀粉生产浓香型大曲工艺的初步研究

以不同比例的丢糟、淀粉和优质小麦为原料制作大曲,跟踪分析了大曲在发酵过程中微生物和理化指标的变化规律。研究结果表明,不同丢糟、淀粉添加量对大曲发酵过程中的水分、酸度、淀粉、糖化力、液化力、发酵力和主要微生物类群均有不同程度的影响,对其成品曲的感官品质也有一定的影响,丢糟、淀粉添加量分别为A5、B5时大曲的质量最优,大曲的各项理化指标均得以优化,提高了大曲质量,降低了10%左右的原料成本,可取得显著经济效益,同时减少环境污染。     

丢糟在中高温大曲生产中的应用研究

研究了大曲丢糟的不同添加量对大曲感官、理化和微生物指标以及对酿酒生产产生的影响程度.结果表明,丢糟在中高温包包曲生产中的添加量为7%～11%时,有利于改善大曲品质、优化大曲各项指标的配比,提高大曲酒出酒率4.88%,提高优质酒率,降低生产成本.     

丢糟代替部分小麦用于大曲生产的可行性研究

丢糟是酿酒生产的副产物,除舍有8%～12%的残淀、60%以上的水分和一定量的糠壳外,还含有一定量的酸、酯、醇、醛等有机物质,有利于微生物的生长.用丢糟代替部分小麦生产大曲试验结果表明,丢糟曲的糖化力、液化力比大曲高,丢糟曲感官和理化指标表明其质量均达到一级曲的质量标准.用丢糟制曲有利于对于筛选、驯良微生物菌种,防止杂菌侵入,提高了曲的酶活力,降低制曲生产成本.(孙悟)     

黄水诱导制曲初探

大曲是酿造浓香型大曲酒的重要原料，大曲的质量直接关系着白酒的质量，为提高大曲的质量，通过在制曲过程中添加黄水进行诱导；通过在拌料过程中加入一定比例(质量比：5％、10％、15％、20％、25％)的黄水来制曲，以确定添加黄水对大曲生产的影响；添加了黄水的大曲各项指标与同批次的对照曲相比各有优劣，综合比较。添加黄水量为20％的大曲质量较高。在制曲过程中添加适当量的黄水有宜于提高大曲的品质。     

制曲过程中适量添加黄水来提高大曲质量的研究

大曲是酿造浓香型大曲酒的重要原料，大曲的质量直接关系着白酒的质量，为提高大曲的质量，通过在制曲过程中添加黄水进行诱导；通过在拌料过程中加入一定比例(质量比：5％、10％、15％、20％、25％)的黄水来制曲。以确定添加黄水对大曲生产的影响；添加了黄水的大曲各项指标与同批次的对照曲相比各有优劣，综合比较，添加黄水量为20％的大曲质量较高在制曲过程中添加适当量的黄水有宜于提高大曲的品质。     

丢糟添加量对机压包包曲品质的动态影响

为优化机压包包曲中丢糟适宜的添加量,在其他条件不变的情况下,采用含丢糟质量分数0、5%、7%、9%、11%机压包包曲与纯小麦机压包包曲进行制曲对比实验。结果表明：丢糟添加量对机压包包曲培养过程中水分、酸度、糖化力、发酵力和主要微生物类群均有不同程度的影响,对新曲的感官品质也有一定的影响;适宜的丢糟添加量有利于改善大曲品质,其中含丢糟质量分数9%的机压包包曲品质最优。因此,在机压包包曲中添加丢糟是可行的。     

丢糟在制曲生产中的添加量与大曲质量关系的初步研究

本文研究了大曲丢糟的不同添加量与中高温大曲中各种微生物数量以及大曲感官特征间的关系,确定丢糟在中高温大曲中的添加量为9-11%时各种微生物的数量较为适宜,添加量为7-9%时感官特征及理化指标较为优良,为制备优良大曲,降低生产成本,提供了数据支持。     

金种子浓香型强化大曲制备工艺分析与探讨

大曲作为大曲酒生产的糖化发酵剂,对曲酒的质量和出酒率都有极大的影响;其中,由于制曲原料、培曲工艺、地域环境等的不同,导致成品曲的理化指标差异明显。为进一步提高金种子浓香型强化大曲的品质,使其糖化力、酯化力、感官等指标均衡协调,探究不同培养温度制备的成品曲品质差异等。本文分析与探讨了金种子浓香型强化大曲的制备工艺,以小麦、大麦、豌豆等为制曲原料,经机械破碎后添加原料总质量1.0%的酯化红曲和2.0%的丢糟等,加水拌和均匀后机械压制曲坯,入房培曲并进行不同培养温度试验。结果表明,以培曲温度49~53℃制备的成品曲,其糖化力、酯化力等指标明显优于培曲温度在53~61℃制备的成品曲,曲皮的糖化力及酯化力均高于曲心;感官品评表明,培曲温度在49~53℃之间制备的成品大曲,其一级曲的比例明显增高。     

浓香丢糟原位制曲酿酒应用研究

通过丢糟原位制曲用曲比例22%、24%、26%、28%和正常曲28%酿造比对试验,比对酒醅在发酵过程的变化以及所产原酒的产量、理化指标、感官差异,发现试验用曲24%和试验用曲22%效果较佳,其酒醅发酵顶温、水分、酒精度、淀粉消耗量均高于正常曲窖池;原酒产量提升16.1%、15.2%;己酸乙酯含量分别提升102.9%、98.9%,酒体窖香浓郁,浓香型风格更加突出。该研究结果为浓香型大曲制曲工艺以及酿酒工艺的革新提供了理论依据和参考。     

丢糟制大曲应用于酿酒生产的研究

以浓香型白酒生产工艺为基础,中温大曲为对照,定期取糟醅综合样测定各项理化指标,结合基酒的色谱分析及感官评定进行酿酒对比实验,探讨丢糟制大曲的酿酒效果。研究结果表明:(1)实验窖和对比窖的温度变化规律均符合"前缓、中挺、后缓落"的变化趋势;(2)实验窖和对比窖的酸度、淀粉、水分、还原糖、酒精度等理化指标的变化趋势基本保持了一致性;(3)丢糟制大曲的生产应用,显著提高大曲酒产量的同时还能一定程度上提高大曲酒酒质。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press