浅析干白葡萄酒保压后发酵对酒质的影响

干白葡萄酒主发酵结束后，发酵液面只有少量的ＣＯ２气泡，液面较平静。发酵温度接近室温，残糖含量在５克／升以下，便进入后发酵阶段。传统的后发酵过程只是在发酵罐顶端安装好发酵栓或水封，保持常压隔氧发酵。我们采用德国进口不锈钢罐进行保压后发酵试验，即当主发酵结束后，要求将罐上部的入孔及发酵皿关闭，使后发酵产生的ＣＯ２不能排出，而在罐内形成一定的压力，使之对酒的质量产生一定的影响。主要影响有以下几个方面：１　干白葡萄酒在保压下进行后发酵是在无氧状态即还原状态下进行的，其氧化还原电位较低，而葡萄酒的香味只有…     

浅说CO2在干白葡萄酒上的应用

浅说ＣＯ＿２在干白葡萄酒上的应用朱华，李泽仁，胡月华（江苏省连云港市凯威葡萄酿酒有限公司，２２２００４）葡萄酒酒精发酵过程中产生的ＣＯ２，在新酿成的葡萄酒中基本处于饱和状态。在葡萄酒以后的陈酿及处理中，不可能将其完全除掉，所以即便是陈年老酒，仍含有少...     

糖蜜酒精沉淀物和酒精成分分析

通过测定糖蜜酒精沉淀物，确定其主要成分为ＣａＳＯ４·２Ｈ２Ｏ。分析了酒精中的各成分，得出钙含量高是造成糖蜜酒精和勾兑的酒沉淀的主要因素。进一步证实钙应作为必测项目，应建立准确、快速的测定方法。     

关于白酒中白色针状沉淀物的研究

提供了白酒中白色针状沉淀物的定性分析方法，使其成分ＣａＣ２Ｏ４、Ｃａ（Ａｃ）２、Ｃａ（Ｃ３Ｈ５Ｏ３）２的鉴定有了科学的依据，从而提高了可控性。知其成分，指导生产，可以减少不必要的损失。     

啤酒泡沫的化学和物理特性

啤酒泡沫的化学和物理特性柳冰雄（大连轻工业学院）三Ｃ０２与泡沫的关系Ｊａｃｋｓｏｎ（１９５３）认为，在恒定温度且不加外力的条件下，ＣＯ２释出的速度取决于形成气泡的晶核数量。泡沫体积与ＣＯ２释出速度有一定关系。盛啤酒的玻璃林必须光洁无水膜。潮湿的玻璃表...     

利用超临界CO2流体萃取酒花浸膏的研究

分析了酒花的主要成分及其在啤酒生产中的作用，阐述了利用超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取酒花浸膏的原理，工艺流程及主要特点。     

葡萄酒成分分析与质量研究

通过对１９种葡萄酒的主要成分及其感官质量的分析评价，结果显示：葡萄酒中除含有糖、酒、酸、单宁、多酚外，还含有丰富的氨基酸、维生素Ｃ、矿物质及多种微量香味成分，其含量及感官质量因酒种及来源的不同而有所差异。在分析的基础上探讨了影响葡萄酒质量的主要因素，提出了提高国产葡萄酒质量的技术工艺措施；并建议加强对葡萄酒香味成分的分析研究，建立新的葡萄酒质量评价体系。     

热纤梭菌发酵产物的分析

分析了热纤梭菌（ＣｌｏｓｔｒｉｄｉｕｍＴｈｅｍｏｃｅｌｌｕｍ）ＡＴＣＣ２７４０５和ＮＣＩＢＩ１０６８２转化纤维素的产物，研究表明，热纤梭菌转经纯化纤维素的产物主要有酒精，乙酸，还原糖，ＣＯ２和Ｈ２，还原糖成分为木糖，纤维二糖和葡萄糖，经ＡＴＣＣ２７４０５转化后产生的木糖，纤维二糖与葡萄糖的比例为３．３：０．９：１经ＮＣＩＢ１０６８２转化后，则为７．９：３．２：１。     

桉木SCMP浆CH3COOOH和H2O2漂白

对桉木磺化化机浆ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＯＨ、Ｈ２Ｏ２漂白的主要影响因素：药品用量、温度、时间、ｐＨ值、浆浓进行了研究，并对ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＯＨ、Ｈ２Ｏ２组合漂白程序进行了优化选择，得出了较佳工艺条件及较佳的组合程序Ｐａ－Ｐ及Ｐ－Ｐａ－Ｐ，同时对漂白前后纸浆红外光谱的变化进行了分析，初步探索了反应机理。     

葡萄酒成分分析与质量研究

通过对１９种葡萄酒的主要成分及其感官质量的分析评价，结果显示：葡萄酒中除含有糖、酒、酸、单宁、多酚外，还含有丰富的氨基酸、维生素Ｃ、矿物质及多种微量香味成分，其含量及感官质量因酒种及来源的不同而有所差异。在分析的基础上探讨了影响葡萄酒质量的主要因素，提出了提高国产葡萄酒质量的技术工艺措施；并建议加强对葡萄酒香味成分的分析研究，建立新的葡萄酒质量评价体系。     

几种添加剂对荔枝酒风味的影响

研究了果胶酶、SO2、明胶、PVPP、皂土等常用果酒澄清剂对荔枝酒色、香、味、风味的影响。结果表明，添加100mg/L果胶酶能显著提高荔枝出汁率并具有增香和抑制果汁褐变的作用；添加100mg/L SO2能降低挥发酸，改善荔枝酒风味；澄清剂处理可脱除一部分苦味，200mg/L的皂土为最佳添加量。     

Influence of Botrytis cinerea infection on Champagne wine proteins (characterized by two-dimensional electrophoresis/immunodetection) and wine foaming properties

Proteins are implicated in the foam stabilization of Champagne wines. They may have a grape, yeast, bacteria or fungal origin. Botrytis cinerea is a widespread fungal pathogen, which is the causal agent for gray mold. The first part of this work showed the deleterious effect of the presence of this fungus on the foaming properties of a champenois base wine. Foamability and foam stability were reduced, respectively, by 47.7% and 33.3% in the botrytized wine, as compared to the healthy wine. In a second part, SDS–PAGE and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), coupled with immunodetection, were used to study (thoroughly) the protein patterns of both wines. With 2-DE and silver-staining detection, the disappearance of numerous spots, located in an acidic pH range, was observed. Indeed, the number of spots detected was about two times more abundant in the healthy wine than in the botrytized one, suggesting that a proteolysis occurred. On the other hand, the presence of new proteins, likely fungal proteins, proteins secreted by the plant as a response to B. cinerea infection, or even protein fragments resulting from partial proteolysis, was detected in the botrytized wine. All these modifications of the wine protein content were undoubtedly due to the presence of B. cinerea and this might be a reason for the loss of foaming properties of Champagne base wines, though no relationship between these two phenomena can be established from the results obtained.     

Effect of using bentonite during fermentation on protein stabilisation and sensory properties of white wine

The bentonite use to remove proteins from white wine is a widespread practice that prevents protein haze formation after bottling. However, an excess of bentonite can have negative effects on both the aromatic profile of young white wines and the quality of the foam of sparkling wines. Therefore, the optimisation of bentonite amount to be used and the moment of its application during winemaking to minimise wine quality losses are of great interest for winemakers. This paper analyses how applying an equal bentonite dose at different stages (must clarification; beginning, middle and end of fermentation) on two scales (industrial and pilot) affects the protein content and stability, physical–chemical characteristics, aromatic profile and foam quality of the obtained wines. No important differences in the oenological parameters were observed between industrial and pilot scales, whereas the scale of the experimental treatments affected protein stability, aroma composition and foam quality of the wines.     

Exogenous Lipids and Ethanol Influences on the Foam Behavior of Sparkling Base Wines

The influence of added lipids (which mimic the endogeneous lipid pool of wine) on the foam behavior of sparkling base wines at various ethanol concentrations was investigated by measuring the foam expansion, foam stability and the Bikerman coefficient. Depending on their physical state, molecularly dissolved or aggregated, the lipids were only active at low alcohol concentration. At high alcochol content foam behavior was mainly governed by ethanol concentration. Bikerman coefficient variations were correlated with the surface tension variation.     

Foam aptitude of Bobal variety in white sparkling wine elaboration and study of volatile compounds

Fining agents can also have an effect on the flavor components of the must, and other compounds which are important for the sensory characteristics and in the case of sparkling wine, the foam quality. The influence of fining agents and tirage solution, on volatile compounds, and foam characteristics of sparkling wines made from grapes of the Bobal variety was studied. The data obtained show how the fining agent affects the foam properties and the final volatile composition of sparkling wines. In this study, it was bentonite with gelatine that produced amounts of acetates and esters. The use of Colle 2P in the tirage solution means that more aromatic sparkling wines with better foam characteristics can be obtained.     

新疆葡萄酒中赭曲霉毒素A含量分析

赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）是葡萄及其深加工产品中主要的真菌毒素,同时也被国际癌症研究机构（IARC）定为2B类致癌物。 采用 酶联免疫法（ELISA）商业试剂盒对新疆四大产区葡萄酒中OTA含量进行调研分析,研究不同产区葡萄酒中OTA含量的差异;同时, 对不同葡萄品种酿造葡萄酒过程中发酵葡萄汁和葡萄酒的OTA含量进行测定,分析酿造过程中OTA的变化规律。 结果显示,34份葡 萄酒样品中OTA含量均未超过2 μg/L;其中,焉耆盆地和吐哈盆地葡萄酒中OTA含量较低,平均含量分别为0.19 μg/L、0.20 μg/L;在 白葡萄酒酿造过程中OTA含量呈显著的下降趋势,而红葡萄酒酿造中OTA含量呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

赤霞珠干红葡萄酒SO2与O2消耗动力学研究

该试验以新疆吐鲁番鄯善县新葡王酒庄赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为材料,研究在饱和氧消耗循环过程中,SO2含量、O2含量、葡萄酒酚类物质的变化,建立了葡萄酒中氧消耗动力学偏最小二乘（PLS）法回归模型。结果表明,该模型能很好的描述葡萄酒中O2变化规律,相关系数＞0.92,说明能用来描述葡萄酒中O2的消耗过程。这些模型主要解释了在葡萄酒氧化过程中葡萄酒成分的变化关系,消耗的总O2以及非SO2消耗的O2模型表明,O2主要投入氧化SO2和生产乙醛和乙酸。除了氧化乙醇之外,还可以降解黄酮醇和产生羟基肉桂酸。初始耗氧率（OCR）与总乙醛含量、没食子酸初始含量以及单宁中儿茶素的含量呈负相关。     

BAT2基因缺失葡萄酒酵母的构建及其对葡萄酒高级醇的影响

该研究以葡萄酒酵母BV-0为出发菌,利用融合聚合酶链式反应（PCR）构建BAT2基因敲除组件,通过电转化导入菌株BV-0进行同源重组,获得BAT2单等位基因敲除菌株BV-bk;再由菌株BV-bk产孢分离出两种不同配型的单倍体BAT2基因敲除菌进行杂交融合,获得BAT2双等位基因敲除菌株BV-BK;最后利用Cre/loxP重组系统去除菌株BV-bk、BV-BK的KanMX抗性基因得到菌株BV-b、BV-B。采用菌株BV-0、BV-b及BV-B分别发酵葡萄酒,并测定葡萄酒的基本理化指标及高级醇含量。结果表明,与出发菌株BV-0相比,菌株BV-b和BV-B发酵的葡萄酒的基本理化指标基本一致,异丁醇含量分别下降14.9%、67.0%,异戊醇含量分别下降17.87%、31.10%,且菌株BV-B发酵葡萄酒中正丙醇含量上升36.55%,说明两株BAT2基因敲除菌株可应用于葡萄酒发酵中以降低异丁醇和异戊醇含量,从而降低葡萄酒的苦味和醉度,具有潜在的工业应用价值。     

液态绿茶酒发酵过程中酚类物质的含量变化及发酵影响因素分析

以信阳毛尖绿茶为主要原料生产液态发酵型茶酒,研究发酵过程中酚类物质的含量变化,并通过单因素实验对酚类物质在不同的发酵温度、蔗糖添加量、SO2添加量及pH条件下的保存率进行了比较与分析。结果表明,发酵温度对酚类物质含量的影响较明显,呈负相关;蔗糖添加量较高时酚类物质含量下降;pH<4时酚类物质含量较低;茶酒发酵可以适当降低SO2的使用量。正交优化实验结果表明,酚类物质在一定含量范围内,茶酒的感官质量较好,是影响其感官质量的重要因素之一。茶酒中总酚含量和感官评分值间并不存在正相关性。     

Chemical compounds and mechanisms involved in the formation and stabilization of foam in sparkling wines

The visual properties of sparkling wine including foam and bubbles are an indicator of sparkling wine quality. Foam properties, particularly foam height (FH) and foam stability (TS), are significantly influenced by the chemical composition of the wine. This review investigates our current knowledge of specific chemical compounds and, the mechanisms by which they influence the foam properties of sparkling wines. Grape and yeast proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, organic acids, fatty acids, ethanol and sugar are examined with respect to their contribution to foam characteristics in sparkling wines made with the Traditional, Transfer, and Charmat and carbonation methods. Contradictory results have been identified that appear to be due to the analytical methods used to measure and quantify compounds and foam. Biopolymer complexes are discussed and absent knowledge with regards to thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), polysaccharides, amino acids, oak-derived phenolic compounds and organic acids are identified. Future research is also likely to concentrate on visual analysis of sparkling wines by in-depth imaging analysis and specific sensory analysis techniques.