木塑复合材料蠕变性能的研究进展

简要介绍了材料的蠕变特性以及木塑复合材料蠕变性能较差的原因,并从影响木塑复合材料蠕变性能的温度、应力及加载方式、湿度等因素以及抗蠕变性研究两方面对木塑复合材料蠕变性能的研究进展进行了综述,展望了今后木塑复合材料蠕变性能研究的重点及方向.     

界面改性对HDPE木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用二辊开炼和压制成型的方法,以马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)、马来酸酐(MAH)和(或)过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)处理木粉制备高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)基木塑复合材料(WPC),考察了几种方法对复合材料力学性能、动态热机械性能及加工性能的影响,并借助扫描电子显微镜( SEM)对复合材料界面进行了形貌分析.结果表明:MAH和DCP共同改性HDPE基WPC,在改善复合材料界面相容性的同时也提高了基体强度,材料综合性能最佳.     

两种不同基体木塑复合材料的制备及性能研究

以稻糠代替木粉,分别制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)基体和聚甲醛(POM)基体木塑复合材料。结果表明稻糠含量小于50%时,这两种木塑复合材料均具有良好的加工流动性;稻糠含量从0增加到50%,拉伸强度和冲击强度下降,热变形温度提高;稻糠含量40%时,木塑复合材料韧性相对于单纯树脂下降最小;稻糠含量在40%时,耐热性能改善效果最为明显。综合各因素对木塑复合材料性能的影响,稻糠填充量选在40%较合适。POM基体木塑复合材料在拉伸性能、弯曲性能和耐热性能方面优于HDPE基体木塑复合材料,但在无缺口冲击性能方面HDPE基体木塑复合材料优于POM基体木塑复合材料。     

PP/木粉复合材料的蠕变特性研究

研究了木粉含量和木粉类型对PP/木粉复合材料物理机械性能和蠕变特性的影响规律.结果表明:当木粉含量增大时,PP木塑复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度等性能指标明显下降,而弯曲模量、热变形温度则有所提高.添加木粉后,材料的蠕变特性明显改善;当许用弯曲极限(即规定蠕变极限)较小(如为制品厚度的1.5倍)且材料中木粉质量含量为50%时,其耐弯曲蠕变特性最佳.采用的木粉类型不同时,PP木塑复合材料的性能有较大差异,采用松木粉和水曲柳木粉制备的PP木塑复合材料的综合性能最好,而采用黄麻纤维制备的PP木塑复合材料的冲击韧性最好.     

基于生命周期模型的木塑复合材料研究分析

以加速老化为手段,考察氙灯照射和冻融循环对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/稻糠粉和HDPE/秸秆粉两种木塑复合材料弯曲强度的影响。结果显示,同等条件下,HDPE/秸秆粉木塑复合材料的弯曲强度显著大于HDPE/稻糠粉木塑复合材料。经过氙灯照射和冻融循环后,两种木塑复合材料的弯曲强度均下降,且它们的弯曲强度下降程度随着氙灯照射时间的增加而增加,随着冻融温差的增加而增加。无重复双因素方差分析结果显示,氙灯老化时间和冻融循环温度对两种木塑复合材料的弯曲强度影响均非常显著(p0.05,这里p表示显著性差异水平)。     

不同塑料基木塑复合材料的性能对比研究

以小麦秸秆粉(WSP)与线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)、聚苯乙烯(PS)及聚丙烯(PP)等几种塑料为原料,采用挤出加注塑工艺制备木塑复合材料(WPC),研究不同木塑复合材料的力学性能、热性能及吸水性能。结果表明,HDPE基及PP基WPC的静曲强度和静曲模量综合性能最好,ABS基和PS基WPC次之,LLDPE基最差; HDPE基WPC热稳定性最好,其次是LLDPE基和PP基WPC; LDPE基WPC的吸水膨胀率最低,吸水后尺寸稳定性最好,而ABS基WPC最差;浸泡吸水方面,起初阶段,不同WPC吸水率虽然有所差别,但差别不大,但随着浸泡时间的延长,ABS吸水率最大,其次是PS基WPCs,而其它三种WPC的吸水率差距不是特别明显。     

硅烷偶联剂对高密度聚乙烯/甜高粱渣复合材料性能的增强机制

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性处理甜高粱渣(SSS),制备高密度聚乙烯/改性甜高粱渣(HDPE/SSS)复合材料。研究KH550质量分数对SSS表面官能团及微观形貌的影响,并对HDPE/SSS复合材料的微观形貌、静态力学性能、蠕变行为、应力松弛行为及表面亲/疏水性进行系统的探究。结果表明:随着KH550质量分数的增加,复合材料的静态力学强度(拉伸、弯曲和冲击)均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;KH550有效提高复合材料的热稳定性、抗蠕变性能和抗应力松弛性能;复合材料的表面疏水性随KH550用量的增加而增强。当KH550质量分数为3%时,复合材料的界面结合情况较好,其静态力学强度、抗蠕变性能和抗应力松弛最佳。     

MAH原位接枝HDPE及其对HDPE/N-PCB复合材料力学性能的影响

将马来酸酐(MAH)、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、苯乙烯(St)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和废印刷电路板非金属粉末(N-PCB)直接反应挤出,制备了HDPE/N-PCB复合材料,并研究了MAH用量对HDPE/N-PCB复合材料力学性能影响。对HDPE/N-PCB复合材料抽提残留物的红外分析结果表明,在HDPE/N-PCB复合材料中加入DCP、St、MAH之后,通过DCP引发HDPE原位接枝MAH,并随即与N-PCB粉末表面的羟基反应而起到了桥联作用,可改善HDPE基体与N-PCB粉末两相的界面作用。MAH反应增容后的HDPE/N-PCB复合材料与增容前相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度及断裂伸长率的最大增幅分别为36%、12%、208%和262%。     

聚乙烯基木塑复合材料蠕变量影响因素分析

在室温恒定的情况下,主要研究了原材料配比、材料制备工艺参数在不同载荷条件下对木塑复合材料24 h蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,在24 h蠕变试验中各载荷下影响蠕变量的优势因素各不相同,但木塑比都为第一显著因素;载荷为30 % 弯曲强度时,木塑比与螺杆转速为显著因素;载荷为50 %弯曲强度时,木塑比为显著因素;载荷为70 %弯曲强度时,只有木塑比为极显著因素。     

几种木塑复合材料的性能对比

研究了木粉及界面增容剂含量对木塑复合材料(WPC)力学性能的影响,分析了增容剂对WPC熔融性能的变化。使用木粉填充可提高不同树脂基WPC的模量,但却降低了HDPE基WPC的拉伸强度及HDPE基、PP基WPC的弯曲强度。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。