前置反硝化BAF工艺处理生活污水的脱氮试验研究

应用前置反硝化BAF工艺对生活污水进行试验研究,结果表明水力负荷对该工艺处理效果影响显著。在A段与O段体积比1：2、气水比3：1、回流比200％的条件下。最佳水力负荷为2．80m^3／（m^2·h）,此时COD去除率在90％左右,NH4^＋-N去除率大于85％,总脱氮率大于70％：出水COD小于30mg／L,NH4^＋-N小于5mg／L,TN小于15mg／L：同时发现回流比对系统TN去除效果影响较大。     

SKHZYE菌在废水处理中的应用

试验采用SBR工艺,通过添加处理废水微生物的活性污泥与普通活性污泥对废水处理效果的比较,得出:当曝气时间为4h时,加菌的SBR反应器出水COD的去除率均在80%以上;NH4-N的去除率平均值达到了97.52%,其对废水的处理效果明显优于未加菌的SBR反应器。     

LLMO处理酵母废水

利用LLMO生物制剂的生物强化技术与传统的活性污泥法相结合的方式对酵母废水进行处理,试验结果表明,投加LLMO生物制剂处理后,废水SCOD、NH3-N和SS明显降低,废水的臭味消失,剩余污泥量也减少了25％～40％。当曝气系统进水SCOD在2500～3000mg／L时,经过投加LLMO菌剂处理后,出水SCOD低于1300mg／L,去除率大于50％,进水NH3-N在100～200mg／L时,出水NH3-N低于15mg／L,去除率大于90％,达到国家排放标准,大大节省了后续物化处理的费用。     

化学预氧化/生物活性炭去除微污染原水中氨氮

以松花江水为研究对象,比较研究了高锰酸盐、高铁酸盐和臭氧三种氧化剂预氧化与生物活性炭（简称BAC）联用对微污染原水中NH4^＋-N去除效果。试验结果表明：高锰酸盐／生物活性炭（简称P／BAC）、高铁酸盐／生物活性炭（简称F／BAC）、臭氧／生物活性炭（简称0／BAC）三种工艺按硝化能力的强弱排序为：F／BAC〉P,BAC〉0／BAC。P／BAC、F／BAC对原水的NH4^＋-LN浓度变化表现出较强的适应能力,对NH4^＋-N的绝对去除量的平均值可达到1．75mg／L、2．20mg／L;NH4^＋-N的平均去除率为51％和64％。而O／BAC工艺对进水NH1^＋-N浓度的变化较为敏感,处理效果波动较大;绝对去除量的平均值为0．73mg／L;NH4^＋-N的平均去除率为21％。在原水NH4^＋-N浓度变化的较大范围内,三种工艺最后出水中NO2^--N浓度都低于进水;在原水NH4^＋-N浓度突然升高较大时,P／BAC、F／BAC出水中的NO2^--N出现少量的积累,而几天后又能恢复稳定运行状态时的低浓度出水。     

淹没式MBR处理啤酒废水的净化效能

在投加营养物质，保持COD：TN：TP=100：5：1的条件下，淹没式MBR对合成啤酒废水中的COD、NH4^ -N有着较好的去除效果，系统稳定时COD与NH4^ -N的甲均去除率均在90％以上，而且MBR工艺对进水有机负荷的冲击具有较强的短时适应能力，当COD污泥负荷率由0．27g／(g.d)突然增加至0．54g/g.d)时，出水COD浓度未出现明显的波动。     

EPP填料曝气生物滤池处理城市污水厂二级出水的中试研究

对韩国产EPP填料应用于曝气生物滤池（BAF）处理二级出水的效果及影响因素进行了研究,结果表明：利用该填料的BAF系统处理二级出水,CODcr平均去除率为49．1％,BOD5平均去除率为51．4％,NH4^＋-N平均去除率为76％,SS平均去除率为52．6％。系统稳定运行后,出水水质达到了城市杂用水水质控制指标。改变水力负荷和气水比对CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N的去除效率都有影响,但对SS去除率影响不大     

UBAF处理炼油厂含油废水

针对炼油厂采用普通活性污泥工艺处理炼油废水,出水水质经常超标,且对冲击负荷适应力差的情况．采用上流式曝气生物滤池(UBAF)工艺对废水进行处理,运行结果表明,CODCr、NH3-N、SS等主要污染物的去除率都超过80％,出水水质达到或高于GB8978-1996的第二类污染物一级排放标准。     

SBR工艺处理预发酵屠宰废水的应用研究

针对屠宰废水碳氮比高、水质变化大的特点,研究采用序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理屠宰废水,在pH值为6.0～8.5、温度30 ～35℃、MLSS为2000 ～ 3500 mg/L条件下,考察进水氨氮负荷、溶解氧(DO)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)及添加预处理废水对SBR脱氮除磷效果的影响.结果表明:进水采用原屠宰废水的条件下,当DO为2.0 mg/L时,VFA为430 mg/L,COD为3580 mg/L,NH4-N约为270 mg/L,出水COD和NH;-N去除率分别为79％和88％左右;然而,在进水采用预发酵废水的条件下,VFA为1093 mg/L,COD为1370 mg/L,NH4-N约为230 mg/L,出水COD和NH4-N去除率分别高达93％和90％.系统运行30 d左右,投加适量碳源,TN及TP去除率均为90％左右,提高了系统脱氮除磷效果.     

二阶段SBBR反应器渗滤液处理效能的影响因素

以黑石子垃圾渗滤液强化预处理,生物接触氧化处理技术为依托,针对其处理效果的局限性,进行SBBR反应器脱氮效能影响因素试验研究,旨在优化运行参数,提高渗滤液处理效能。得出以下结论：一／二阶SBBR反应器对COD、NH4^＋-N、TN的去除效果分别以HRT为8d／4d、8d／4d～12d／6d、12（t／6d时最为理想;COD、NH4^＋-N去除率随序批周期减小而升高,TN去除率随序批周期减小先升后降,在序批周期为6h时达到最高;COD、NH4^＋-N去除率随溶解氧、周期曝气时间升高而增加;TN去除率则先升后降,在一／二阶SBBR反应器曝气时DO平均浓度约为2．0／2．5mg·L^-1,周期曝气时间为3h时去除率最高;SBBR反应器处理效能随温度升高明显提高。     

碱化／蒸发／汽提组合工艺处理制药废水的研究

针对制药废水高COD、高NH3-N和有机物难降解的特点,提出了碱化、蒸发和汽提工艺组合的处理方法,考察了NaOH加量、蒸发量及汽提量对废水COD及NH3-N去除效果的影响。结果表明,组合工艺对废水的COD、NH3-N有很高的去除率。在NaOH加量为20g·L-1、蒸发量为80％、汽提量为1．0％的条件下,COD去除率最高达99．4％、NH3-N去除率最高达98．5％;同时,提高了出水的可生化性,出水COD和NHa—N均达到了《制药工业水污染物排放标准》（GB21907—2008）。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。