膜法除盐水装置运行中的问题及处理措施

超滤与反渗透膜相结合的除盐系统已越来越多的应用于各企业生产中,从工艺设计到日常处理都很重要。除盐水装置的长期稳定运行是生产的关键,通过实际生产中遇到的问题,分析膜系统污堵的影响因素,并及时做出合理的优化和完善,才能达到长周期的安全平稳运行。     

煤化工废水处理系统反渗透膜污堵原因分析及解决措施

针对某煤化工废水处理系统反渗透膜频繁污堵制约装置连续运行问题,对进水水质、膜面污染物组成成分、在线氧化还原电位（ORP）仪表准确性等进行分析,结果表明膜进水中高含量的有机物与投加过量的还原剂协同作用引发的有机污染为膜系统发生污堵的根本原因。通过采取增大超滤产水余氯改善水体杀菌效果、调整还原剂加药量提高膜进水氧化性、加强在线仪表清洗校正频次、优化预处理工艺参数等处理措施,有效解决了生产运行问题,有机污染、药剂污染产生隐患大大降低,膜系统实现高效稳定运行。     

反渗透非氧化性杀菌剂投加及药性评估方法研究

某电厂反渗透系统在正常运行过程中,膜元件受到微生物污染是影响其运行状态和使用寿命的主要原因,虽然反渗透入口原水经过氧化性杀菌剂(次氯酸钠)处理,但微生物滋生问题依然存在。为保证反渗透系统稳定运行,延长膜元件使用寿命,结合反渗透膜元件不耐氧化的特性,可在反渗透系统入口投加非氧化性杀菌剂。本文主要介绍非氧化性杀菌剂在反渗透系统中的投加方法,包括加药点设置及加药浓度控制,并通过细菌培养和药剂投加试验的方法评价非氧化性杀菌剂杀菌效果。     

旋膜除氧器出水氧含量超标的原因分析及处理

介绍了大唐国际克旗煤制天然气有限责任公司煤制天然气项目大气式旋膜除氧器的工作过程和运行情况。分析了旋膜除氧器出水氧含量超标的原因:脱盐水的温度和压力达不到设定值;加热蒸汽流量不足;填料发生腐蚀和变形。通过更换除氧器的内部构件,加装蒸汽分配装置和除氧加药装置,调整工况和优化工艺操作,最终除氧器出水氧含量达到≤15μg/L标准。     

某石化厂脱盐水系统反渗透污堵分析及处理

某石化厂采用工业生产水、污水处理厂回用水为主的水源作为反渗透系统进水生产脱盐水,运行中存在保安过滤器更换频次高、反渗透装置一段压差增长快等问题.结合保安过滤器污堵物分析和反渗透膜元件剖析,分析污堵主要由有机污染物及微生物造成.通过强化保安过滤器管理,调整微生物控制方案以及开展针对性的化学清洗,保安过滤器滤芯寿命得到延长...     

某电厂海水淡化系统冬季反渗透膜污堵研究

介绍了某电厂海水淡化系统冬季运行期间,预处理和一级反渗透系统运行压力增大的现象,认为是来水水源变化所致。采用对来水水源进行加药的方法,结果表明水源加药后各取样点BOD_5降低,加药期间一级反渗透系统入口SDI降低,化学清洗次数同比减少至1次,采用冬季水源加药的方法,可有效改善一级反渗透系统的污堵状况。运行至寿期的一级反渗透膜元件,膜片表面的无机污染物为SiO_2、Fe_2O_3、Br、P_2O_5、Al_2O_3、CaO、Cl等化合物,有机污染物为烷烃类、苯环类物质,说明长期运行会有污染物积累在膜元件表面。分析结果可为后续海水淡化系统加药控制方面的优化提供方向。     

反渗透膜的污染与清洗

针对国电邯郸热电厂反渗透系统污堵的情况,结合原水水质及预处理工艺的特点,对反渗透膜污堵原因进行分析认为:微生物滋生和过量聚合硫酸铁是造成污染的主要原因,同时磷系阻垢剂的使用加剧了微生物的滋生.通过采取不同的方法对反渗透膜进行化学清洗试验,确定最佳的清洗液配方是草酸、NaOH 十二烷基苯磺酸钠 阳离子表面活性剂1227.     

反渗透膜的污染与清洗

针对国电邯郸热电厂反渗透系统污堵的情况,结合原水水质及预处理工艺的特点,对反渗透膜污堵原因进行分析认为:微生物滋生和过量FPS是造成污染的主要原因,同时磷系阻垢剂的使用加剧了微生物的滋生。通过采取不同的方法对反渗透膜进行化学清洗试验,确定最佳的清洗方案是草酸、NaOH+十二烷基苯磺酸钠+阳离子表面活性剂1227。     

通量均衡工艺在家用反渗透系统中的应用

家用反渗透膜元件实际使用中受水质影响会出现污堵、性能下降等情况。目前已有许多对反渗透系统膜元件污染的分析,同时也有不少提高膜元件应用性能的设计和应用,借鉴其中一些通量均衡工艺与元件位置优化论证结果,设计一款新产品,通过选用不同类型膜元件进行优势搭配,来研究分析在实现进水通量分布、通量均衡后,膜元件产水品质和使用寿命是否有所提升。     

反渗透膜的污染与清洗

针对国电邯郸热电厂反渗透系统污堵的情况，结合原水水质及预处理工艺的特点，对反渗透膜污堵原因进行分析认为：微生物滋生和过量聚合硫酸铁是造成污染的主要原因，同时磷系阻垢剂的使用加剧了微生物的滋生。通过采取不同的方法对反渗透膜进行化学清洗试验，确定最佳的清洗液配方是草酸、NaOH＋十二烷基苯磺酸钠＋阳离子表面活性剂1227。     

A mixed integer optimisation approach for integrated water resources management

In areas lacking substantial freshwater resources, the utilisation of alternative water sources, such as desalinated seawater and reclaimed water, is a sustainable alternative option. This paper presents an optimisation approach for the integrated management of water resources, including desalinated seawater, wastewater and reclaimed water, for insular water deficient areas. The proposed mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model takes into account the subdivided regions on the island, the subsequent localised needs for water use (including water quality) and wastewater production, as well as geographical aspects. In addition, the integration of potable and non-potable water systems is considered. The optimal water management decisions, including the location of desalination, wastewater treatment, and reclamation plants, as well as the conveyance infrastructure for desalinated water, wastewater and reclaimed water, are obtained by minimising the annualised total capital and operating costs. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to two Greek islands: Syros and Paros-Antiparos, for case study and scenario analysis.     

海水淡化水与地表水联合供水地区市政管网水质变化研究

研究了我国某海岛地区以淡化水与地表水联合供水时,城市管网的水质变化情况,对比分析了淡化水与地表水的化学稳定性情况,考察了浊度、Cl-和总铁含量等主要参数在管网内的变化规律。结果表明,虽然淡化水其化学稳定性较差,但在优质管网中完全能够满足城市供水水质要求;联合供水地区城市管网水质与管道属性和停留时间存在较大关系,这与普通供水地区城市管网情况基本类似。     

Desalination using ambient air: simulation and energy optimization

This work applies to process design, simulation, analysis, and optimization to minimize the energy requirements for producing desalinated water using ambient air (humidification and dehumidification process). The only operating cost is for the use of air blower to supply air flowrate of 65-70 kmol/h. The production rate is 1 gpm of desalinated water per 2.25 gpm of saline water. By using process simulation and applying energy optimization concepts, the process parameters were manipulated and analyzed so that the feed saline water to the column is used to cool the exit air stream. The proposed approach reduced the solar energy requirement by 65%, and the cooling energy is eliminated. A case study is pursued to show the effectiveness of using process simulation and energy optimization concepts.     

脱盐水站扩能改造技术总结

介绍脱盐水站的扩能改造.为提高脱盐水站的水质和处理能力,将一级制水工艺改为二级制水工艺,并将固定床离子交换器改为双室固定床离子交换器.出水达到二级处理质量指标,并可满足废热锅炉及HRS系统的用水要求.对运行中存在的问题进行了分析并提出改进建议.     

提高脱盐水水质降低酸碱消耗

通过对脱盐水处理装置的2次改造，降低了脱盐水再生用的酸碱消耗，稳定和改善了脱盐水的水质，节约了操作费用。     

碳钢在反渗透水中耐蚀性研究

室温条件下（22℃～28℃）,通过全浸实验失重测试,SEN等方法评价了碳钢在反渗透水和海水中的腐蚀速率及腐蚀形貌,并在此基础上进行了相关缓蚀调质实验,为海水淡化反渗透产水进入城市供水管网提供了必要的腐蚀依据及防腐蚀调质配方。     

Chemical and microbiological quality of desalinated water, groundwater and rain-fed cisterns in the Gaza strip, Palestine

The aim of this study was to assess the physiochemical and microbiological quality of the domestic water through one-year long surveillance in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Water samples were taken from rain-fed cisterns, groundwater from the water network, and desalinated water. For certain chemical parameters, such as nitrate, a high percentage of water samples from all sources exceeded the limits of the Palestinian Standard Institution and the World Health Organization (WHO). Total dissolved solid (TDS) readings were non-compliant for most samples from groundwater and water from rain-fed cisterns, but the TDS quality was far better in desalinated water. As far as microbiological quality is concerned, high percentages of non-compliance were observed for total Coliform and fecal Coliform in most water samples, which was also reflected by the high incidence of water-borne diseases in Gaza Strip. The study reveals a clear superiority of quality for desalinated water, but also the need to adopt better practices (maintenance and pre- and post-treatment) in the desalination plants.     

An electrodialysis sea water desalination system powered by photovoltaic cells

An electrodialysis sea water desalination system powered by photovoltaic (PV) cells is beeing developed. In this sort of system, the most important subject is a way to apply the varying electric power from the PV cells directry to electrodialysis with a small capacity lead battery. We use a partially desalinated water (PDW) storage system for this. When a large electric output from the PV cells is obtained, sea water is desalinated to partially desalinated water (PDW: salinity of which is between sea water and fresh water) and when a small output is obtained, the desalination from PDW to fresh water is completed. In this system, as varying outputs from the PV cells are used directly in electrodialysis, the capacity of the lead battery is reduced, and an economical system is realized. A demonstration plant (capacity: 10m/day) was constructed for this system, and has been operating since June, 1986.     

Studies on a single-stage solar desalination system for domestic applications

In this paper, an attempt has been made to study a single stage solar desalination system to get a daily yield of 10 1 of potable water. The experimental system consists of a flat plate collector, an evaporator, a single stage vacuum pump and a condenser. The input parameters such as solar irradiance and vacuum pressure in the flash evaporator are varied to find its influence on the performance output viz., system efficiency and yield per day. Efficiency of this plant is found to vary from 15% to 26% for the variation in beam solar radiation from 400 W/m² to 900 W/m². A maximum distillate yield of 8.5 1/d is obtained with collector area of 2 m². The frequency of operation of the vacuum pump and the yield of desalinated water for various beam solar radiations is carried out from which the cost of water is determined. The cost of desalinated water is found to be 0.9 e/l. The desalinated water is tested for various parameters and the results indicate that the quality of water is satisfactory and well below the permissible limits.     

基于ASPEN PLUS的磷酸二铵装置尾气洗涤及余热回收研究

利用脱盐水间接冷凝尾气中的水蒸气以减少白雾的排放和回收尾气的低温位余热,同时使用ASPEN PLUS软件对尾气洗涤塔及余热回收过程进行模拟。结果表明,该软件模拟结果与现场测量参数较为吻合,可用于指导生产,并为装置改造提供依据。