稠油乳化降黏剂FPESS的合成及性能

为了降低稠油黏度,改善稠油流动性,以α-ω含氢含氟硅油、烯丙基环氧基聚醚、KHSO_3等为原料,经硅氢加成,磺化反应制得一种磺酸盐型氟硅表面活性剂(FPESS);采用FTIR和~1H NMR技术对其结构进行了表征,测定了FPESS的表面张力,考察了油水质量比、FPESS含量、乳化时间、碱含量等对降黏效果的影响。实验结果表明,FPESS溶液的临界胶束浓度为2.0 g/L,表面张力21.02 m N/m;在油水质量比8∶2、FPESS含量0.40%(w)、乳化时间30 min、碱含量0.040%(w)的最佳条件下,稠油的降黏率达到96.35%,FPESS与碱组成的降黏体系的耐盐、耐温性好。     

一剂双效稠油降黏剂的制备与性能评价

为获得耐温抗盐和降黏效果良好的稠油降黏剂,以油酸、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、1,3-丙磺酸内酯为原料制备了磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂YJN-1,既能作为油溶性降黏剂又能作为乳化降黏剂,具有一剂双效的功能。研究了YJN-1加量和温度对稠油的降黏效果,考察了YJN-1作为乳化降黏剂时的耐温抗盐性。结果表明,作为油溶性降黏剂时,在50℃、0.5%的加量下,YJN-1对新疆和胜利稠油的降黏率约为91%,降黏效果优于部分商品降黏剂;作为乳化降黏剂时,在50℃下,0.15%的YJN-1对两种稠油的乳化降黏率约为99%;乳液能自动破乳脱水,脱水率为96.4%～98.2%。YJN-1具有良好的耐温抗盐性能,抗盐达85 g/L,耐温达160℃,耐温抗盐和降黏效果良好。图6表4参20     

油溶性稠油降黏剂SMA的制备与性能评价

根据稠油组分进行了降黏剂分子结构设计,采用反相乳液聚合法,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、马来酸酐(MA)、苯乙烯(St)为单体进行共聚反应,再将共聚物与十八醇进行酯交换反应,制得一种油溶性稠油降黏剂SMA,并对合成条件进行了优化。室内试验结果表明,降黏剂SMA浓度为200 mg/L时,原油降黏率达67%,使用温度范围为50～60℃;将SMA与十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAB)进行复配,降黏率可达78%。     

油溶性稠油降黏剂MSA的合成及影响因素研究

本文研究了油溶性稠油降黏剂马来酸酐-苯乙烯-丙烯酸十八醇酯共聚物(MSA)的最佳合成方法,并考察了MSA加量、助剂加量、水含量以及实验温度对胜利稠油降黏效果的影响。结果表明,对于胜利稠油,MSA最佳合成条件为:溶剂甲苯、总单体质量比为1:1,丙烯酸十八醇酯、苯乙烯、马来酸酐摩尔比为6:1:2,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为4h。MSA的最佳加量为1.0%,最佳实验温度为90℃。此外,助剂十二烷基磺酸钠的加入能明显提高MSA的降黏效果,最佳加量为0.8%。随着胜利稠油模拟油中水含量的增加,MSA降黏效果增加,当水含量达到40%时,MSA降黏率可达90%以上。图2表5参12     

油溶性降黏剂的制备及性能评价

为解决渤海A27-2平台稠油长距离管输时黏度高、流动性差的问题,以甲基丙烯酸十八酯(A)、苯乙烯(S)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2甲基丙磺酸(Xm)为原料制得三元共聚物降黏剂。通过测定降黏剂对稠油的降黏率研究了各因素对聚合反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件,并用红外光谱仪表征了反应产物的结构。结果表明,最佳聚合反应条件为:单体A、S、Xm的摩尔比为9∶5∶1.5,反应时间4 h,反应温度80℃,引发剂过氧化苯甲酰与混合溶剂的加量分别为单体总质量的2.0%和320%,混合溶剂中甲苯与Ys的质量比为8∶3。该油溶性降黏剂对稠油的降黏效果较好,加量为稠油质量1‰时的降黏率为59.25%。降黏剂与表面活性剂OP-10复配后得到复合型油溶性降黏剂,其加量为稠油质量10%时的降黏率为82.18%,可在较低温度下实现稠油管输。     

稠油降黏开采技术研究进展

综述了稠油降黏开采技术的近期进展，重点是乳化降黏法和微生物法中生物表面活性剂的作用，论题如下。前言：国外、国内稠油油藏及其开采。①稠油组成及其高黏实质。②物理法降黏，包括掺稀油法和蒸汽、电加热法，新疆塔河油田一口井用掺稀油法试油开采。③化学法降黏，包括催化水热裂解、乳化、破乳及油溶性降黏剂，简述了降黏机理．介绍了国内乳化降黏剂研制和应用方面的成果。④微生物法降黏：包括微生物采油机理、生物表面活性剂性质、生物表面活 性剂用于EOR、国内产表面活性剂菌种筛选。参44。     

油溶性降黏剂降黏性能研究

针对胜利油田现河稠油,研究了7种油溶性降黏剂(Y-1～Y-7)及其复配体系的降黏性能,考察了降黏剂加量、原油含水率对降黏效果的影响,研究了降黏剂对蒸汽驱油效果的影响。结果表明:当油溶性降黏剂质量分数小于5%时,原油降黏率随降黏剂加量的增加而迅速增大,之后增加缓慢,加量为15%时的降黏率可达90%以上(Y-4除外)。Y-3和Y-7按质量比1:1复配后的降黏效果最好,总加量5%、10%时的原油降黏率分别为76.1%和93.14%。不含降黏剂时,随原油含水率增加原油黏度先增加后降低,原油含水50%时的黏度是不含水原油的3.9倍,形成W/O型乳状液。不同含水率下,加入降黏剂后原油黏度大幅降低;随含水率增加,原油降黏率先降低后增加,含水率10%时达到最低(Y-1除外)。稠油蒸汽驱前注入0.009～0.027 PV油溶性降黏剂,采收率增幅为2.8%～6.0%。     

枝型油溶性降黏剂的合成及降黏机理

针对目前油溶性稠油降黏剂存在使用条件受限和降黏效果差等问题,研制了一种枝型油溶性原油降黏剂.其降黏机理是:降黏剂中的极性基团可以和原油中的胶质沥青质形成氢键;降黏剂中含有的长链烷基也可以吸附一些胶质沥青质,有效地阻碍了胶质沥青质的堆积;而降黏剂所具有的枝型结构可以更进一步将胶质沥青质分散开来,达到降黏的目的.该降黏剂的降黏效果好于目前使用的油溶性降黏剂,对多种稠油均具有一定的降黏效果.     

稠油氟碳乳化降黏剂室内配方研究

针对河南油田稠油降黏中存在的问题,考察了氟碳表面活性剂在河南油田稠油降黏中的作用。通过室内筛选评价,制得氟碳-碳氢表面活性剂降黏体系,考察了降黏剂浓度及配比、酸碱度及温度对降黏效果的影响,确定了最佳配方体系为0.2%FC-01氟碳表面活性剂+1%YN碳氢表面活性剂。该体系对河南油田不同区块的不同黏度的稠油在35 70℃、pH值3 11范围内的降黏率均可达到95%以上。     

一种新型油溶性稠油降黏剂的制备与评价

以多乙烯多胺、1,2-二氯乙烷、十八酰氯为原料,甲苯为溶剂,通过两步法合成了一种新型的稠油油溶性降黏剂,并找出了降黏剂的最佳合成条件:n(二乙烯三胺)∶n(1,2-二氯乙烷)∶n(十八酰氯)=3∶1∶1,第一步主链反应的温度为30℃,反应时间为2h,单体浓度为55%;第二步接枝反应温度为室温,反应时间为4h,单体浓度为80%,滴加十八酰氯与甲苯的混合液,时间为120min。室内研究表明:在温度为50℃时,降黏剂的加入量为稠油质量的1%,对塔河32#稠油具有43%的降黏率。     

Synthesis and evaluation of an oil-soluble viscosity reducer for heavy oil

To reduce the viscosity of highly-viscous oil of the Tahe oilfield (Xinjiang, China), an oilsoluble polybasic copolymer viscosity reducer for heavy oil was synthesized using the orthogonal method. The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows: under the protection of nitrogen, a reaction time of 9 h, monomer mole ratio of reaction materials of 3:2:2 (The monomers are 2-propenoic acid, docosyl ester, maleic anhydride and styrene, respectively), initiator amount of 0.8% (mass percent of the sum of all the monomers) and reaction temperature of 80 °C. This synthesized viscosity reducer is more effective than commercial viscosity reducers. The rate of viscosity reduction reached 95.5% at 50 °C. Infrared spectra (IR) and interfacial tensions of heavy oil with and without viscosity reducer were investigated to understand the viscosity reduction mechanism. When viscosity reducer is added, the molecules of the viscosity reducer are inserted amongst the molecules of crude oil, altering the original intermolecular structure of crude oil and weakening its ability to form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, so the viscosity of crude oil is reduced. Field tests of the newly developed oil-soluble viscosity reducer was carried out in the Tahe Oilfield, and the results showed that 44.5% less light oil was needed to dilute the heavy oil to achieve the needed viscosity.     

油溶性枝型稠油降粘剂的合成与性能评价

针对目前油溶性稠油降粘剂存在的选择性强和降粘效果差等问题,研制了一种油溶性枝型稠油降粘剂,该降粘剂分子结构中含有极性基团和烷基。极性基团可以降低稠油中胶质和沥青质的氢键作用,烷基可以增加油溶性枝型稠油降粘剂的溶解能力,从而提高其降粘效果。油溶性枝型稠油降粘剂通过2步法合成得到,通过对其合成条件的讨论发现,该油溶性枝型稠油降粘剂的最佳合成条件为:乙二醇、环氧氯丙烷和十八酰氯的摩尔分数之比为4∶4∶1.5;第1步主链反应温度为110℃,反应时间为8h,促进剂N的质量分数为1.4%;第2步接枝反应温度为110℃,反应时间为14h。研制的油溶性枝型稠油降粘剂降粘率可达49%;红外光谱对其结构的表征结果显示,其结构与设计结构一致。     

特稠油SGVR-1水基降粘剂的研制

采用荧光法测定了辽河油田曙光采油厂1702井特稠油乳化HLB值.以混合型表面活性剂、阴离子型表面活性剂及非离子型表面活性剂为主剂,快速渗透剂及碱助剂等为辅助剂,按一定比例合成了水基降粘剂SGVB-1.室内实验结果表明,该降粘剂具有良好的乳化降粘性能(降粘率不低于99%)、自动破乳脱水性能和配伍性能(与破乳剂),是一种较理想的特稠油降粘用水基降粘剂.     

Experimental study on the viscosity reduction of heavy oil by using of a new type of micro-emulsion

In order to achieve an efficient exploitation of heavy oil reservoirs, a new type of micro-emulsion is prepared with alkyl phenoxy carboxylic acid, co-surfactant (alcohols), diesel oil and water to efficiently reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. With the increase of the chain length of the co-surfactant in a certain range, a larger area of the micro-emulsion region can be obtained. Besides, a clear and transparent micro-emulsion can be obtained when the volume ratio of water-diesel oil is from 8:2 to 5:5. Under the action of micro-emulsion, the viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil reaches over 90% and the electrical conductivity can be greatly increased when the addition of the mass concentration of micro-emulsion is 1%. The results can provide a technical basis for the efficient exploitation of heavy oil reservoirs.     

两亲性降黏剂合成及性能评价

稠油降黏冷采是一种重要的稠油开采方式,研究合成了两亲性聚合物降黏剂L–A,并利用乌氏黏度仪、电导率仪等对L–A剂进行性能评价,与非离子型降黏剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP–10和吐温–80、阴离子型降黏剂石油磺酸盐(WPS)和烷基硫酸钠(SDS)相比,L–A剂耐温降黏效果良好,耐温120℃.室内物模驱油实验结果表明,相比单一水...     

稠油降黏剂驱提高采收率机理

为系统研究降黏剂驱这一新的开发方式提高采收率机理,应用单管填砂驱油模型、三维填砂驱油模型和微观玻璃刻蚀驱油模型,测试降黏剂驱的驱油效率和波及系数,并对其原因进行分析。实验结果表明,降黏剂驱通过提高驱油效率和增加波及系数提高采收率。与水驱相比,降黏剂驱可提高驱油效率13%,其机理为:①分散乳化,形成水包油的小油滴,有利于通过狭窄的喉道,降低原油的表观黏度;②降低界面张力,增加毛管数,降低残余油饱和度。同时,降黏剂驱将波及系数由水驱时18.8%提高到39.9%,其机理为:①乳液调驱,分散乳化的原油进入水窜通道,水渗流面积减小、阻力增加,后续注入液进入以前未波及区域;②贾敏效应,降黏乳化小油滴聚并成大油滴堵在孔喉处,周围驱替液转向。研究明晰了降黏剂驱提高采收率机理,为后续开发技术界限研究及现场应用奠定基础。     

Upgrading heavy and extra-heavy crude oil by iron oil-soluble catalyst for transportation

Heavy or extra-heavy crude oil has difficulty in transportation, especially for off shore. Catalytic upgrade treatment with iron oil-soluble catalyst (FASFe) was used in this paper to reduce crude oil's viscosity and meet the transport demand. After optimization of reaction conditions and without hydrogen donor added, both NB35-2B43 (from Bohai offshore oilfield) and LD16-1-3 (from Liaohe oilfield) reduced their viscosities from 2,167 mPa s and 20,600 mPa s to 279 mPa s and 396 mPa s, respectively. With determinations of analyzation, it was proved that FASFe catalyst can effectively upgrade the heavy oil. Meanwhile, the mechanism of upgrading was also investigated.     

Characterization of ternary compound viscosity reducer system on viscosity of viscous crude oil

Based on the theory that viscous crude oil can form stable two-phase oil-water interfacial molecular membrane with surfactant, the oil-water interfacial activity and viscosity reduction of oil-water interface of viscous crude oil were studied for the ternary compound system, including anionic surfactant alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), weak alkali Na₂CO₃ and four different kinds of nonionic surfactant emulsifying silicon oil (LKR-1023), lauryl diethanolamide (LDEA), isomeric alcohol ethoxylates (E-1306), and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (T-80). Results showed when lipophilic or hydrophilic nonionic surfactants were used separately in the same compound system. The viscosity of viscous crude oil could be reduced, but the viscosity reduction efficacy was not desirable. However, using LKR-1023, E-1306, and T-80 as nonionic surfactant with mass fraction 1.0%, the viscosity reduction rate of viscous crude oil reaches 98.92%, 98.29%, and 96.87%, respectively. With 1.4% of LDEA, the viscosity reduction rate of viscous crude oil can reach 98.89%. Through all different kinds of the nonionic surfactant tested, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion under LDEA ternary compound system has been proved to be the most stable with no phase inversion. Therefore, it is promising to improve the viscosity reduction of the super viscous crude oil by selecting the proper surfactant and dosage.     

Upgrading heavy and extra-heavy crude oil for transportation by use an iron oil-soluble catalyst

Heavy or extra-heavy crude oil has difficulty in transportation, especially for off shore. Catalytic upgrade treatment with iron oil-soluble catalyst (FASFe) was used in this paper to reduce crude oil's viscosity and meet the transport demand. After optimization of reaction conditions and without hydrogen donor added, both NB35-2B43 (from Bohai offshore oilfield) and LD16-1-3 (from Liaohe oilfield) reduced their viscosities from 2,167 mPa·s and 20,600 mPa·s to 279 mPa·s and 396 mPa·s, respectively. With determinations of analyzation, it was proved that FASFe catalyst can effectively upgrade the heavy oil. Meanwhile, the mechanism of upgrading was also investigated.