基于面向对象Petri网的多Agent系统交互协议建模

为了描述、分析和验证多Agent系统交互协议,提出了一种面向对象Petri网。与现有的形式化方法相比,面向对象Petri网能形象、直观地刻画多Agent系统复杂、并行的交互协议,可以描述其静态和动态语义,并可利用Petri网的数学分析方法对交互协议进行动态分析。面向对象Petri网还具有较好的模块性和柔性,能单独地分析参与交互的每一个Agent,而不会影响其他Agent和环境的状态。最后,利用面向对象Petri网描述了智能物理代理基金会请求协议和合同网协议,并对一个买卖Agent交互实例进行了建模和动态分析,验证了面向对象Petri网具有较好的建模能力。     

基于Petri网的智能制造系统建模

阐述了Petri网在智能制造系统建模中的突出优点,对其进行了扩展,并与面向对象技术相结合形成了面向对象Petri网（OOPN）,提出了利用OOPN建立智能制造系统结构模型,行为模型,控制决策模型和消息模型的方法,通过利用OOPN建立智能制造中加工结点模型的实例,充分说明了面向对象Petri网的有效性和强大的建模能力,为智能制造系统的设计,性能分析,运行状态监视提供了一条有效途径和强有力的工具,必将在制造领域得到广泛应用和进一步的发展。     

模糊柔性制造系统的混杂Petri网建模与调度

对模糊柔性制造系统的建模和调度进行了研究.定义了一种具有模糊区间速率的混杂Petri网模型,提出了模型的迁移使能和迁移引发语义,定义了弱使能迁移的模糊使能规则,给出了模型动态演变算法.建立了模糊柔性制造系统调度的模糊线性规划模型,并对典型的工业实例进行了分析.研究结果表明,基于所定义的混杂Petri模型能够有效地描述和分析模糊柔性制造系统.     

Modular synthesis of Petri nets for modeling flexible manufacturing systems

This paper proposes a modular Petri net synthesis method for modeling flexible manufacturing systems based on synchronization among control processes of the manufacturing resources (such as robots and machines). In the method, the target system is modeled in a bottom-up and uniform manner by first describing the system's control processes using strongly connected state machines (SCSMs) as the basic modules. Each SCSM may contain multiple tokens to represent resources from the same type such as spaces in a buffer. Next, the common transitions and common transition subnets of the modules are merged to represent their synchronization. The system model constructed is proven to be conservative and thus bounded. Moreover, a restricted class of merged nets is proven to be live and reversible. For general classes of merged nets, this paper shows theorems that easily calculateP-invariants of the final net without solving the linear system equations. TheseP-invariants can be used to help in verifying the model's qualitative properties such as liveness.     

基于广义随机Petri网的可重组制造单元建模与分析方法

为揭示可重组制造单元的重组过程并计算重组方式对系统性能的影响,根据可重组制造单元的特征,提出了基于广义随机Petri网的模块化建模及分析方法。该方法将制造单元的不同资源及重组生产过程对应于相应的广义随机Petri网基本模块,并通过过渡变迁合成广义随机Petri网模型。在此基础上,采用马尔可夫理论及相关数学方法,分析可重组制造系统的性能指标,并通过实际应用,验证了该建模与分析方法的有效性。     

基于Petri网的机床制造过程碳排放建模与量化方法

为减少机床制造业在制造过程中的碳排放,对机床制造过程的碳排放边界进行界定,并对机床制造过程碳排放特性进行分析;基于Petri网建立了机床制造过程碳排放模型,并提出机床制造过程碳排放动态量化方法。将上述理论研究应用到某企业的机床制造过程中,得到其机床制造过程碳排放量情况,并据此提出了节能减排的措施建议。     

基于赋色Petri网的检测线车辆调度建模与仿真

为了对汽车检测线运行效率进行评估以确保给定数量车辆检测时间最短,通过分析检测过程中的驱动事件和状态演变,采用赋色Petri网建立汽车检测线串行批处理调度模型,包括检测工位的赋色Petri网模型和车辆调度赋色Petri网模型两个层次。通过对检测线调度赋色Petri网模型的仿真获得车辆检测平均耗时、车辆等待队列长度等性能指标,根据仿真运行中的统计数据,在原有先来先服务调度策略基础上,提出复检车辆优先和全检车辆优先调度策略,采用复检车辆优先调度策略的车辆等待队列长度平均缩短了50%,且各工位设备的设备利用率均衡,这表明复检车辆优先调度策略对于改善现有检测线车辆调度性能具有工程应用价值。     

The use of the Petri net reduction approach for an optimal deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems

In a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) with multiple products, deadlocks can arise due to limited shared resources, such as machines, robots, buffers, fixtures etc. The development of efficient deadlock prevention policies, which can optimise the use of system resources, while preventing deadlocks from occurring, has long been an important issue to be addressed. In [1], an optimal deadlock prevention policy was proposed, based on the use of reachability graph (RG) analysis of the Petri net model (PNM) of a given FMS and the synthesis of a set of new net elements, namely places with initial marking and related arcs, to be added to the PNM, using the theory of regions. The policy proposed in [1] is optimal in the sense that it allows the maximal use of resources in the system according to the production requirements. For very big PNMs, the reachability graph of the PNMs becomes very large and the necessary computations to obtain an optimal deadlock prevention policy become more difficult. In this paper, we propose the use of the Petri net reduction approach to simplify very big PNMs so as to make necessary calculations easily in order to obtain an optimal deadlock prevention policy for FMSs. An example is provided for illustration.     

Modelling,simulation and scheduling of flexible assembly systems with coloured Petri nets

Scheduling in flexible assembly systems is a complicated phenomenon owing to the large variability in the operating parameters. In this paper, coloured Petri nets are shown to be useful in modelling, simulating and scheduling flexible assembly systems. Case studies from published literature are chosen to show its superiority over some of the heuristic and analytical tools. In addition, the tool is also shown to model and analyse systems with some realistic constraints.     

板材FMS基于规则的面向对象Petri网建模

基于柔性制造系统（FMS）的运行特点，提出了基于规则的面向对象扩展着色赋时Petri网建模方法，该方法集中了面向对象技术和Petri网的优点，并融系统决策规则于模型中，利用该方法建立了板材FMS的模型，为系统仿真和调度研究创造了条件。     

Internet-enabled modelling of extended manufacturing enterprises using process-based techniques

This article presents the preliminary results of an ongoing research project on Internet-enabled process-based modelling of extended manufacturing enterprises. We propose applying the open system architecture for CIM (CIMOSA) modelling framework alongside object-oriented Petri net models of enterprise processes and object-oriented techniques for extended enterprises modelling. We describe the main features of the proposed approach and discuss some components. We present elementary examples of object-oriented Petri net implementation and real-time visualisation.     

一种面向对象的Petri网及其应用研究

提出了一种面向对象的Petri网(OPN),较好地避免了一般Petri网建模时经常产生状态爆炸的问题,并具有较好的模块性、重用性及可维护性。通过利用OPN建立一个FMS模型的实例,说明了OPN的有效性和强大的建模能力。OPN为离散事件系统的建模提供了一种强有力的工具,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于过程控制网的协同设计建模与分析

为解决协同设计中多任务实例并发执行,以及设计过程动态控制的可视化与形式化问题,提出了协同设计全过程的概念及其形式化方法——过程控制网。协同设计全过程由设计对象、设计阶段和过程转移机制组成。过程控制网是在面向对象Petri网的基础上,通过扩展其变迁的语义得到。设计对象建模为托肯,过程转移建模为过程网,各设计阶段建模为单元网,过程网和单元网通过特定的变迁进行交互。最后,给出了协同设计全过程的过程控制网模型的运行实例。多实例并行执行所产生的变迁序列表明,该模型不仅胜任动态设计过程的控制,而且允许多个任务按照不同的过程定义同时执行。     

基于工作流的模具敏捷制造过程中的Petri网建模

敏捷制造是一种新型的组织制造模式,以实现企业间的集团协作,实行不同厂家之间的优化组合,提高企业运行效率为目标。本文通过工作流技术和Petri网方法的有机结合,进行模具敏捷制造过程的建模,为制造过程的分析和优化提供依据。     

A hybrid approach to supervisory control of discrete event systems coupling RW supervisors to Petri nets

In this paper a hybrid approach is proposed for supervisory control of discrete event systems (DES) subject to forbidden states. Assuming that an uncontrolled bounded Petri net (PN) model of a (plant) DES and a set of forbidden state specifications are given, the proposed approach computes a maximally permissive and nonblocking closed-loop hybrid model. The first step is to simplify the given PN model by means of PN reduction rules. The simplified model and the specifications are then represented as buffers, and supervisory control theory (SCT) is applied to obtain a Ramadge–Wonham (RW) supervisor in the form of an automaton. After reduction of the latter’s state size by a ‘control congruence’, the simplified RW supervisor is represented by a so-called auto-net and coupled to the given uncontrolled PN plant model by means of inhibitor arcs to represent the disabling actions. The plant model and supervisor auto-net run concurrently, synchronizing on shared events. This procedure provides a maximally permissive and nonblocking ‘hybrid’ (mixed PN/automaton) closed-loop controlled system. The method is straightforward logically, graphically, and technologically. Its applicability is shown by two examples, one of them a workcell from the PN control literature.     

基于UML-OPN的可重组制造系统建模分析方法

为建立涵盖两种重组方式的系统模型,避免现有方法中模型相互转化造成的信息丢失以及动态特性的不完整,在分析了可重组制造系统重组实现方式的基础上,提出了基于统一建模语言与面向对象Petri网的建模与性能分析方法。采用模块化方法对制造资源进行划分,利用统一建模语言建立系统逻辑模型,利用面向对象Pe-tri网建立系统物理模型,分析了各自活动机理,给出了模型关联映射的触发规则。为实现模型的性能分析,对面向对象Petri网引入时间参数,提出基于随机过程理论的性能分析方法。通过实例验证了建模与分析方法的有效性。     

基于扩展一阶混合Petri网的机械制造系统碳流动态建模方法

机械制造系统是生产与能源的强耦合系统.针对其耦合特性,提出一种基于扩展一阶混合Petri网的碳流动态建模方法.对机械制造系统碳流动态特性进行分析,建立相应的系统边界,由系统边界分析制造系统的生产构成、运行模式,并导出能量、物料平衡方程以及碳排放量计算公式,为模型的建立奠定数量分析基础.针对机械制造系统能耗的连续性及离散状态对连续过程的影响等,在原一阶混合Petri网的基础上,引入控制弧、抑制弧相关元素以增强建模语义,并给出模型的形式化定义及规则说明.以某制造系统自动生产线为例,建立相应的多目标函数及约束条件,仿真优化其能量流、物料流的时域特性,并计算碳排放量,对所建模型进行验证,为企业实施低碳制造奠定一定的理论基础.     

柔性装配制造系统中生产优化的Petri网方法

本文在基本Ｐｅｔｒｉ网的基础上,给出了一种进行周期性生产的柔性装配制造系统的模型;同时,针对该系统,给出了一个求稳定需求下最佳生产指量的启发式调度方法。     

Stochastic coloured Petri nets for modelling and evaluation,and heuristic rule base for scheduling of FMS

This paper addresses scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems considering stochastic behaviour such as failure and repair of machines, and variation in processing times. Stochastic coloured Petri nets have been used for obtaining a compact model of the system. A heuristic rule base has been proposed for resolving conflicts in the allocation of jobs to machines. The superiority of the proposed approach has been exemplified with a case study.     

Simultaneous optimisation of control factors in automated storage and retrieval systems and FMS using stochastic coloured Petri nets and the Taguchi method

Automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) are playing an important role in modern manufacturing systems such as flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). The integration of AS/RS systems and FMS is very complex owing to the complexity of the individual elements. Stochastic coloured petri nets (SCPN) can be used to model, simulate and analyse such a system efficiently and realistically. In this paper, SCPN based simulation, aided by the Taguchi method of design of experiments, has been used for analysing the influence of important factors on makespan, unproductive travel time, and the mean flow time, and is supported by an example.