基于Incoloy800H钨极氩弧焊接头组织及其性能分析

在2 mm厚800H合金钨极氩弧焊试验的基础上,研究焊接接头的微观组织和析出相成分,并分析焊接接头的力学性能和抗晶间腐蚀性能,观察拉伸断口和晶间腐蚀试样的形貌。结果表明:焊缝组织为柱状晶和等轴晶,热影响区晶粒明显长大,焊接接头中有少量的TiN和富Cr相(Fe,Cr)_(23)C_6析出相存在;母材、热影响区和焊缝的HV硬度分别为1730、1526和1590 MPa;室温抗拉强度和延伸率分别为565.0 MPa、31.8%,均超过ASME标准关于800H合金规定值(450.0 MPa和30.0%),拉伸断裂为韧性断裂;焊接接头高温(650℃)抗拉强度和延伸率分别为394.5 MPa、15.5%,其断口是混合型断口;较接头组织,母材腐蚀更为严重,表面晶界开裂并伴有少量且尺寸较小的腐蚀坑,基体中TiN缺陷处易引起点蚀。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢超窄间隙焊接接头组织与性能分析

采用超细颗粒焊剂约束电弧超窄间隙焊接方法进行了1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的超窄间隙焊接试验,并对所得超窄间隙焊接接头的组织及性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢超窄间隙焊接接头的根焊焊缝区晶粒为等轴晶,而填充焊和盖面焊的焊缝区晶粒则为粗大的柱状晶。等轴晶和柱状晶的基体均为奥氏体,晶粒内部均分布有少量板条状铁素体。超窄间隙焊接接头的填充焊缝和根焊焊缝具有与母材相当的硬度,而盖面焊缝的硬度则略低于母材。超窄间隙焊接接头除了收缩率和冲击功比母材的略低外,抗拉强度、屈服强度及伸长率明显高于母材所对应性能的最低值。此外,试验还测得超窄间隙焊接接头的腐蚀速率为0.417 g/(m2·h),该值明显低于母材的腐蚀速率。     

大厚度TC21钛合金电子束焊接试验

对56mm厚TC21钛合金进行了电子束对接试验,对接头显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,接头焊缝区组织形态以柱状β晶粒为基体,针状的马氏体弥散其中;热影响区从焊缝到母材分为三个区域,依次为等轴再结晶β晶粒区、片状和针状а相形成的魏氏组织区以及片状α相聚集长大的区域;熔合区内柱状晶与等轴晶联生.接头强度达到母材水平,断裂发生在母材内,接头厚度方向性能一致.接头塑性损失较大,只达到母材的50%左右.接头焊缝区硬度最高,其次是热影响区的等轴晶区和魏氏组织区,而热影响区内片状α相聚集长大的区域硬度值最低.

Abstract：

Electron beam welding of TC21 56 mm titanium alloy was carried out. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of welded joints were analyzed and tested. The results showed that the weld zone consisted of the columnar β gains, and in which the transgranular acicular α' martensite were dispersedly distributed. HAZ can be divided into three parts from base metal to weld zone, which are the equiaxed recrystallized β grain zone, Widmanstaten structure zone formed by lamellar and aeicular α phases and lamellar a phase coarsening zone. Fusion zone consists of the adnate columnar and equiaxed grains. Tensile strength of joints reaches to that of base metal and the failure appears in the base metal. The mechanical properties are uniform along the vertical direction. Plasticity in the welded joint is greatly decreased and only up to 50% of that of the base metal. The microhardness in weld zone is the highest, and that of the equiaxed grain zone and Widmanstaten structure zone in HAZ is higher, and the microhardness in columnar a phase coarsening zone is the lowest.     

Mechanical and corrosion properties of 445J2 ultra pure ferritic stainless steel joint

The microstructure, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of 445J2 ultra pure ferritic stainless steel thin plate joints conducted by the pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW) were discussed in this paper. In order to avoid weld defects, the appropriate welding process was adjusted. The joints were subjected to optical microscopy, transverse static tensile, plastic deformation, intergranular corrosion and electrochemistry corrosion tests. The results indicated that the weld zone (WZ) is characterized with columnar grains and equiaxed grains and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) shows coarse ferrite grains due to the rapid solidification of thin plate welding. The PCGTAW joint exhibited acceptable mechanical properties and equivalent corrosion resistance properties as the base metal.     

填充焊丝对6A02铝合金光纤激光焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用ER4043焊丝开展了1.0 mm厚6A02铝合金的光纤激光填丝焊接,对比分析了是否填丝对焊缝横截面形貌、接头组织、显微硬度分布和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,激光填丝焊缝成形饱满,能够显著提高焊前装配的最大间隙容忍裕度.与自熔激光焊接接头相比,激光填丝焊接接头熔合区附近的柱状晶组织和焊缝中心的混合组织（柱状晶+等轴晶）均相对粗化,接头软化现象更加明显,焊态时接头抗拉强度基本相当,仅达到母材水平的83.2%,但经历固溶时效热处理后,接头强度得以恢复,并高于母材水平,断后伸长率获得显著改善,可以达到21.29%,远高于前者的8.13%.     

AZ91D镁合金电火花堆焊组织及腐蚀性能

采用与母材同质的电极材料,在AZ91D镁合金母材上进行电火花堆焊,研究了焊缝的组织、界面特征及腐蚀性能.结果表明,通过优化的工艺参数可以获得组织均匀、致密的电火花堆焊焊缝.焊缝组织晶粒尺寸在1~5μm之间,由过饱和的α-Mg相、Mg₁₇Al₁₂相以及亚稳态Al Mg相所组成;焊缝与母材之间为冶金结合,形成超薄层熔化互扩散结晶型结合界面,母材一侧没有形成明显热影响区,焊缝保持电极原有的成分;焊缝耐蚀性能优于母材,细化的晶粒组织提高腐蚀的均匀性,过饱和的α-Mg相和晶界上网状连续分布的β相降低腐蚀速率,是其耐蚀性能提高的主要因素.     

130mm铝合金扫描激光填丝焊接头微区组织和性能

针对船用130 mm 5A06铝合金厚壁结构件的扫描激光填丝焊接头,对其焊缝（weld metal,WM）、热影响区（heat affected zone,HAZ）及母材（base metal,BM）的显微组织进行研究,并通过维氏硬度和微型剪切试验研究了接头各区力学性能差异.结果表明,5A06铝合金单激光焊缝以等轴晶为主,填丝焊焊缝以柱状晶为主,HAZ和BM晶粒比WM粗,母材及热影响区为轧制的纤维状组织;由于焊接热循环作用,接头热影响区硬度略高于母材,抗剪强度二者差别不大,单激光焊缝硬度和抗剪强度略高于填丝层.总体而言,焊缝区强度低塑性好,母材及热影响区强度高塑性低.     

选区激光熔化增材制造In718合金的激光焊接性能

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计和力学性能试验等研究了选区激光熔化(SLM)In718合金的激光焊接接头的组织和性能。结果表明:SLM In718合金的激光焊接接头的宏观质量较好,没有发现冶金缺陷的存在。未热处理时,In718合金的SLM构件的组织主要由奥氏体柱状晶及奥氏体柱状晶之间的共晶组织构成,柱状晶的平均尺寸约为5μm×2μm;激光焊接SLM构件的焊缝组织主要由奥氏体柱状晶及奥氏体柱状晶之间的共晶组织构成,柱状晶的平均尺寸约为25μm×5μm;焊缝区显微硬度均值约282 HV,是SLM母材均值335 HV的84.2%;不同厚度焊接试样的抗拉强度为970~983 MPa(均达到SLM母材95%以上),伸长率为20.2%~22.6%(为SLM母材65%以上);固溶+时效处理后,焊接试样抗拉强度均值为1412 MPa(约为SLM母材的98.9%),伸长率均值为13.5%(约为SLM母材的93.7%),与未热处理相比,SLM母材和焊缝显微硬度值分别提高了55.2%和77.3%。     

因瓦合金4J36等离子焊接工艺及接头性能

试验采用等离子弧焊设备对4J36因瓦合金板材进行焊接工艺试验,借助光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和洛氏硬度计等手段分析接头的微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,合理的等离子工艺参数下焊接接头成形良好,抗拉强度可达到母材的93.6%;接头基体为γ相,同时存在γ'(Ni₃(Al,Ti))强化相;母材为细小的等轴晶,焊缝处呈树枝状结晶且晶粒粗大,热影响区靠近熔池部分的晶粒过热长大,靠近母材部分为均匀细小的等轴晶;焊接接头拉伸断口表现为韧性断裂,硬度最低值出现在热影响区.     

1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接头组织性能

在2mm厚1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接试验的基础上,研究接头的组织与性能。对比分析单、双光点激光焊接头各区域的组织、显微硬度及室温拉伸力学性能,并观察断口形貌。结果表明:1420铝锂合金双光点激光焊接头组织与单光点激光焊接头组织分布类似,从熔合区至焊缝中心依次是等轴细晶、柱状晶和等轴树枝晶,但较单光点接头细化;双光点激光焊接头各区域硬度低于母材,但高于单光点激光焊接头;双光点激光焊接头焊态抗拉强度较母材下降,但略高于单激光焊接头,可达母材的86%。     

Double-sided gas tungsten arc welding process on TC4 titanium alloy

TC4 titanium alloy was welded by double-sided gas tungsten arc welding（GTAW） process in comparison with conventional GTAW process, the microstructure and mechanical performance of weld were also studied. The results indicate that double-sided GTAW is superior over regular single-sided GTAW on the aspects of increasing penetration, reducing welding deformation and improving welding efficiency. Good weld joint was obtained, which can reach 96.14% tensile strength and 70.85% elongation percentage of the base metal. The grains in heat-affected zone（HAZ） are thin and equiaxed and the degree of grain coarsening increases as one moves to the weld center line, and the interior of grains are α and α′ structures. The coarse columned and equiaxed grains, which interlace martensitic structures α′ and acicular α structures, are observed in weld zone. The fracture mode is ductile fracture.     

6061铝合金焊接接头的组织与性能分析

通过金相技术、力学性能试验和SEM技术研究了6061-T6铝合金真空电子束焊接接头的金相组织、力学性能和断口形貌特征.结果表明:焊接接头的拉伸强度低于母材.预热和重熔可以同时降低电子束焊接接头的强度和塑性,尤其对接头的塑性影响更大.焊缝区和热影响区的硬度均低于母材,预热和重熔可以降低焊接接头的硬度.焊缝区组织主要为等轴晶和树枝柱状晶,熔合区组织主要为柱状晶.预热和重熔使得焊缝区的晶粒组织变得粗大,焊接接头的拉伸断口断面上分布的韧窝尺寸较小,且韧窝的大小接近,未发生明显的塑性流动,呈现出铸态断口特征.     

新型Al-Mg-Mn-Er合金TIG焊接头的微观组织及力学性能

对一种Al-Mg-Mn-Er合金薄板进行TIG填丝焊接,并研究接头的微观组织以及力学性能. 结果表明,焊缝中心为等轴树枝晶,熔合线附近未出现典型的联生结晶形貌,而是存在着一个宽度约为100 μm的细晶带,热影响区出现再结晶组织. 焊缝中的析出相主要以初生Al₃Er的形式存在,与母材相比,焊缝中初生Al₃Er的尺寸更加细小,分布更加均匀,焊缝中次生Al₃Er的数量相对较少,而且这些次生Al₃Er是焊接时母材中未熔化而保留下来的. 焊接区和热影响区的硬度均低于母材,其中焊缝区的硬度最低. 随着焊接热输入的增加,接头的抗拉强度先增加后减小,当焊接热输入为218 J/mm时,接头的抗拉强度最高,达到母材的71.4%,试样的断裂位置均位于焊缝区,断口形貌呈现韧性断裂特征.     

激光焊接热输入对Ti2AlNb合金组织性能的影响

研究激光焊接热输入对Ti-22Al-27Nb(at%)合金焊缝成形和力学性能的影响,利用OM、SEM、XRD和TEM等手段对焊接接头的显微组织特征进行了分析,并探讨了焊后热处理对焊接接头组织性能的影响。结果表明,连续激光焊接可以获得无缺陷、成形良好的焊接接头。焊缝区域组织主要为柱状的B2相,柱状晶的生长方向垂直于熔合线。焊缝和热影响区的显微硬度要高于母材,焊缝的平均显微硬度最高。随着热输入的增加,焊接接头的室温抗拉强度增加,但是焊接接头的延伸率较低。焊接接头650℃高温强度为母材的71%~75%,塑性则仅为母材塑性的40%左右。经过焊后热处理,焊缝由B2+O相组成。O相增多使得焊缝的室温强度略有提高,且提高了650℃高温拉伸性能,高温抗拉强度最高可达母材的87.5%。     

化学成分及金相组织对纯钛自腐蚀电位的影响

分析了采用自动焊及手工焊两种方式焊接的TA2纯钛板焊缝及母材的化学成分、金相组织及其在海水介质中的自腐蚀电位。结果表明:自动焊焊缝试样、手工焊焊缝试样和母材试样的自腐蚀电位相差不大。母材试样与焊缝试样的气体元素(C,N)含量有较大差异;母材试样的金相组织为单相等轴α组织,而焊缝试样的金相组织为粗大锯齿状α相+少量针状马氏体组织;化学成分和金相组织对3种试样在海水中自腐蚀电位的影响不大。     

焊接速度对30CrMnSiNi2A钢电子束焊接头组织和力学性能的影响

30CrMnSiNi2A钢由于其出色的质强比成为制造飞机起落架、襟翼的重要材料。电子束焊的焊接速度对工程应用中30CrMnSiNi2A钢的微观结构和机械性能产生极大影响。接头微观组织从热影响区细小等轴的回火索氏体与马氏体混合组织,转变为焊缝区域的树枝状板条马氏体晶粒。显微硬度由母材向焊缝中心逐渐增高,焊缝区域显微硬度最高可达690HV0.2,约为母材的两倍;拉伸强度最高为842MPa,达到母材强度的96.9%。此外随着焊接速度的提高,晶粒尺寸减小,显微硬度随之提高;但HAGB和渗碳体数量的下降对接头强度不利,使得接头抗拉强度随焊接速度提高而下降,不同焊接速度下接头断裂模式均为脆性断裂。     

Investigations of microstructures and properties in electron beam welded joints of TiAl to TC4

The normally centered electron beam and non-centered electron beam welding of TiAl to TC4 was investigated in order to analyze the electron beam weldability between TiAl/TC4 dissimilar materials. Macroscopic cold crack easily occurred near TiAl substrate in the joints. The optimal tensile strength was related to the welding heat input. The weld structures were composed of bulky columnar grains and equiaxed grains. The isolated phases consisted of large quantities of α2 -Ti3Al phase, small quantity of B2 phase, γ-TiAl phase and YAl2 phase. Insufficient melting of the base metal occurred in the weld when the beam position leaned to the TC4 side. The tensile strength could be improved when the deflection was limited in the optimum range. Otherwise, non-fusion zone was easily generated in the weld, which led to the low tensile strength.     

铝合金电流强化激光焊接焊缝组织及性能

采用电流强化激光焊接方法对3.0 mm厚的2219-T6铝合金板材进行堆焊,研究了电流对激光焊缝宏观和微观组织、气孔缺陷以及力学性能的影响.试验发现,引入电流后,焊缝区的晶粒发生明显细化,促使粗大的柱状晶转变为细小的等轴晶;而且消除了激光焊缝中央存在的羽毛状晶.与激光焊接相比,电流强化激光焊接焊缝中的气孔明显减少,接头...     

Reinforcement of Mg/Ti joints using ultrasonic assisted tungsten inert gas welding–brazing technology

Ultrasonic assisted tungsten inert gas welding–brazing technology was developed to refine coarsening columnar α-Mg grains of Mg/Ti joints. In this study, ultrasonic vibration was introduced into molten pool of Mg/Ti joints with frequency of 20 kHz and maximum power of 1·6 kW. The results showed that, with ultrasonic power of 1·2 kW, the morphology of columnar α-Mg grains was refined to approximately equiaxed grains and the average grain size of columnar grains decreased from 200 to ～50 μm. Moreover, the maximum joint strength of joints increased ～18·1% to 228 N mm^?1 over the joints welded without ultrasonic vibration (193 N mm^?1). Furthermore, the optimised Mg/Ti joint fractured at base metal zone rather than fusion zone upon tensile–shear loading, indicating that efficient grain refinement was attained. However, welding voids occurred with the ultrasonic power further increased to 1·6 kW, which resulted in the decrease in mechanical properties.     

FSS/ASS厚壁异种钢“TIG冷焊 + UNGW”组合焊的接头组织与力学性能

为了有效解决铁素体不锈钢的焊接热影响区晶粒易粗化问题，以及奥氏体不锈钢焊接时在接头部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内因易形成蠕虫状δ铁素体而显著降低该区域耐腐蚀性的问题，提出了“TIG冷焊 + UNGW”的组合焊接工艺，并进行了1Cr17/1Cr18Ni9Ti厚壁异种不锈钢的焊接，同时对所得接头的显微组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性进行了测试与分析. 结果表明，组合焊接头的1Cr17母材热影响区晶粒未发生粗化，并且1Cr18Ni9Ti母材部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内未形成蠕虫状δ铁素体；组合焊接头的抗拉强度优于1Cr17母材，并且1Cr17母材热影响区的冲击吸收能量与1Cr17母材相当；组合焊接头的熔敷层、1Cr18Ni9Ti母材、1Cr17母材、UNGW焊缝区及完整接头的耐腐蚀性呈依次下降的趋势.