皮肤镜图像散焦模糊与光照不均混叠时的无参考质量评价

皮肤镜图像的采集质量直接影响后续的分析诊断结果.针对皮肤镜图像在采集过程中可能出现的散焦模糊和光 照不均两种类型的失真,提出了一种有效的无参考图像质量评价算法. 通过频率特性分析我们发现,散焦模糊主要 影响离散余弦变换（Discrete cosine transform,DCT）后的直流分量,而光照不均则主要影响第一交流分量.针对该特性,论文在频率域设计质量评价模型,首先将散焦模糊与光照不均两种失真成功分离,进而分别计算失真程度,给出评价指标.实验结 果表明,本文提出的算法既可以对散焦模糊或光照不均单一失真类型的皮肤镜图像进行质量评价,也可以对两种失真类型 同时存在的复杂皮肤图像进行评价,给出的评价结果稳定客观、互相独立,且与主观评价结果相一致.     

皮肤肿瘤图像自动分类的研究进展

皮肤恶性肿瘤对患者健康有极大的威胁,由于现有诊断技术存在精准性差及有创操作等局限性,导致皮肤恶性肿瘤的临床诊断精度低,误诊率高,诊疗效率低下。使用计算机算法进行图像自动分类可以有效提高临床诊断效率。对近年来国内外相关研究工作进行了系统性归纳,总结了皮肤肿瘤图像自动分类模型常用的皮肤图像数据集和评估指标。对目前计算机技术在皮肤肿瘤诊断方面的常用模型及效果进行了详细的阐述,对比分析了各种方法的优势、局限及适用范围,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

皮肤显微图像自动识别系统的研究

皮肤显微图像处理是医学图像处理的一个重要分支,在医疗卫生美容领域有非常广泛的应用价值和实际意义,本系统运用图像处理技术提取皮肤症状形状、大小、颜色特征,运用遗传算法和支持向量机相结合的方法进行特征选择。在此基础上用支持向量机建立分类器,对皮肤显微图像进行分类识别,实验结果表明该系统的识别性能较好。     

基于图像传感器的皮肤纹理自动测量系统设计

为了客观定量评价皮肤纹理的老化,介绍了一种基于图像传感器的皮肤纹理自动测量系统。首先,利用CMOS图像传感器在光照条件下通过光电转换实现对皮肤图像的采集。然后,借助图像处理技术对采集的图像进行处理。最后,用软件定量计算皮肤表面纹理中的各测量指标（如,皮嵴的平均面积、数量、皮沟的深度等）,并在此基础上通过统计学方法来分析各个测量指标的特点。整个系统集采集、处理与计算于一体,具有低功耗、高稳定、应用性广、操作简单等优点。     

基于边缘检测的盲人图像感知系统设计

采用图像的边缘检测技术,设计了盲人图像感知系统,使盲人通过皮肤电刺激来感知图像信息,为盲人提供了一种获取视觉信息的新方法。该系统包括图像采集与处理系统和电触觉装置,用于产生皮肤电刺激。盲人通过摄像机采集图像,对该图像进行边缘检测得到边缘图像。然后把边缘图像发送给电触觉装置的单片机微处理器,单片机根据接收到的边缘图像数据控制二维电极阵列产生相应的电刺激,盲人通过皮肤电触觉来感知图像的边缘轮廓信息。盲人图像感知系统使盲人能够以触觉的方式"看到"视觉图像,大大提高了盲人的生活质量。     

基于纹理的皮肤检测

实时敏感图像检测可以有效地控制国际互连网中的色情图像传播。它的检测手段主要是对皮肤区域进行辨识,而皮肤纹理检测又是皮肤区域辨识中的重要内容。该文采用基于DCT变换和Gabor小波变换两种方法进行皮肤纹理的特征提取,提取的特征作为高斯混合模型(GMM)输入向量,然后通过GMM进行皮肤纹理检测。实验是在360幅敏感图像以及2400幅经过分类的非敏感图像的测试集进行,结果表明基于Gabor小波变换的皮肤纹理检测取得了比基于DCT变换更好的效果,其正检率可以达到95%。     

基于支持向量机和遗传算法的皮肤显微图像特征选择

在皮肤显微图像症状识别系统研究中,如何选择出对皮肤症状分类能力强的特征项组合是识别诊断面临的关键问题.本文把遗传算法和支持向量机结合起来,既利用遗传算法优化搜索特征空间,又克服了传统统计学的苛刻要求.通过对初步提取的皮肤显微图像的特征参数进行优化组合,选择出使系统的识别率得到较大提高(由88.24%提高到97.06%)的特征组合.实验证明本文提出的算法得到的结果是较令人满意的.     

融合多维注意力机制CNN皮肤肿瘤图像分割提取

针对卷积神经网络(CNN)在医学图像分割时,受皮肤病损图像多样性、分割目标位置、形状及尺度变化等因素影响,提出了一种基于传统卷积神经网络综合注意力模块图像分割算法。首先利用U-Net主干网络的优势,其目的让图像特征提取更完善；其次,由空间、通道、尺度构成的综合注意力机制对目标病灶区域进行检测识别,利用通道级联把来自编码器中低级图像特征和解码器中高级图像特征注意力结合起来进行权值自适应融合,提升了网络对样本病灶区的关注度和辨识力,突出强调最相关的特征通道和多尺度间最显著的特征图。通过对ISIC2018数据集及医院整形外科提供患者不同类型的皮肤肿瘤图像进行分割测试,并将注意力模块随机组合形成的不同算法进行指标评价比对,所提出算法的平均分割精度可达92.89%。实验结果表明,所提出算法是有效可行的,在多维度下分割处理带复杂背景的皮肤病灶图像时有更高的鲁棒性。     

基于椭圆边界增量模型的皮肤精确分割

皮肤检测在人脸和手势识别与跟踪、Web图像内容过滤、人物检索和医疗诊断等方面有广泛应用,本文采用椭圆边界统计模型对肤色建模,将建模后的通用模型同具体的图像结合起来,形成一个针对于当前图像的局部模型(特殊模型),利用这个局部模型来对图像进行分割,以实现对特定图像皮肤区域的精确分割,本方法分两个重要的步骤:(1)训练通用的肤色模型,并对当前图像进行初分割;(2)采用增量学习过程,以当前图像数据更新模型以适应于此特定图像,实现精确分割,实验结果表明这种方法分割速度快,而且比静态皮肤模型鲁棒性和精确度都更高.     

支持向量机在皮肤症状图像识别中的应用研究

研究皮肤图像特征提取问题,在皮肤图像症状识别过程中,针对选择出对皮肤症状分类能力强、准确识别图像诊断方法问题,为提高识别率,提出采用遗传算法和小样本、非线性的支持向量机结合起来.通过遗传算法优化对皮肤症状特征空间进行搜索的同时,采用支持向量机对提取的皮肤显微图像的特征参数进行优化组合.在对5类典型皮肤症状进行仿真,使皮肤图像症状的特征通过组合的诊断识别率由87.24%提高到98.15%.实验结果表明,所采用的遗传算法与支持向量机结合的方法对皮肤症状图像识别率的提高是十分有效的,有利于皮肤病症的临床诊断研究.     

The Inference of Perceived Usability From Beauty

A review of 15 papers reporting 25 independent correlations of perceived beauty with perceived usability showed a remarkably high variability in the reported coefficients. This may be due to methodological inconsistencies. For example, products are often not selected systematically, and statistical tests are rarely performed to test the generality of findings across products. In addition, studies often restrict themselves to simply reporting correlations without further specification of underlying judgmental processes.

The present study's main objective is to re-examine the relation between beauty and usability, that is, the implication that “what is beautiful is usable.” To rectify previous methodological shortcomings, both products and participants were sampled in the same way and the data aggregated both by averaging over participants to assess the covariance across ratings of products and by averaging over products to assess the covariance across participants. In addition, we adopted an inference perspective to qualify underlying processes to examine the possibility that, under the circumstances pertaining in most studies of this kind where participants have limited experience of using a website or product, the relationship between beauty and usability is mediated by goodness.

A mediator analysis of the relationship between beauty, the overall evaluation (i.e., “goodness”) and pragmatic quality (as operationalization of usability) suggests that the relationship between beauty and usability has been overplayed as the correlation between pragmatic quality and beauty is wholly mediated by goodness. This pattern of relationships was consistent across four different data sets and different ways of data aggregation. Finally, suggestions are made regarding methodologies that could be used in future studies that build on these results.     

A quality evaluation methodology for health-related websites based on a 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach

Nowadays, the patients and physicians use the health-related websites as an important information source and, therefore, it is critical the quality evaluation of health- related websites. The quality assessment of health-related websites becomes especially relevant because their use imply the existence of a wide range of threats which can affect people’s health. Additionally, website quality evaluation can also contribute to maximize the exploitation of invested resources by organizations in the development of user-perceived quality websites. But there is not yet a clear and unambiguous definition of the concept of website quality and the debate about quality evaluation on the Web remains open. In this paper, we present a qualitative and user-oriented methodology for assessing quality of health-related websites based on a 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach. To identify the quality criteria set, a qualitative research has been carried out using the focus groups technique. The measurement method generates linguistic quality assessments considering the visitors’ judgements with respect to those quality criteria. The combination of the linguistic judgements is implemented without a loss of information by applying a 2-tuple linguistic weighted average operator. This methodology means an improvement on quality evaluation of health websites through the commitment to put users first.     

基于层次化分析的全网业务健康度评价

电信多业务融合的趋势推动运营商在全国范围内部署全网业务运营支撑系统.但传统的评价体系只关注某些单一指标,且忽视了客户的感知度.针对这个问题,提出将层次分析法应用到运营商的全网业务运营支撑系统的综合评价中.首先,根据实际应用,建立反映系统健康度的层次化的指标体系,进而用层次化方法建立因子集、评价集和权重集,实现对业务运营的质量等级的综合评判.实例表明,通过采用层次分析法计算评价,可以得到较好的层次化的定量和定性的分析.层次分析方法可操作性强、效果好,可在任何业务运营支撑系统质量评价中广泛应用.     

大型机电设备健康状态评估方法研究

根据大型机电设备健康状态评估的复杂性和影响因素的非线性、模糊性及灰度性特点,从设备的产品质量、运行工况、历史数据3个主要方面构建设备健康状态评判指标体系,并设计了基于模糊-灰度-变权求和的分层设备健康状态综合评估模型。选用矿用带式输送机对综合评估模型进行验证,结果表明,运用该模型得出的评估结果与设备实际运行情况相吻合,该模型对于大型机电设备的健康状态评估及安全生产具有一定的实际意义。     

中国移动出访漫游境外运营商健康度评估体系研究

参照IR．81对境外运营商健康度评估体系进行全面的分析与研究,其中重点分析业务质量方面直观、明确的指标评估体系。使用中国移动国际漫游出访业务自动拨测系统,采集大量实测数据,选取中国移动36家重点出访运营商样本．进行全方位的、端到端的质量评估与分析,验算该健康度评估体系的合理性和可用性,进而得出有效、可行的优化解决方案。     

我国土壤质量及其评价研究的进展

在阐述了土壤质量的内涵基础上,分析了土壤质量和土壤健康、土地质量及土壤服务功能的联系。重点对我国土壤质量的评价研究进行了回顾和概述,从指标体系的选取和评价方法入手,探讨了评价的发展过程,分析了我国土壤评价指标体系因子选择的范围,在论述了国际土壤质量最新进展的基础上,指出了生物学指标研究是需要加强的方向;同时着重分析了我国土壤质量评价方法研究的进展,对我国土壤质量评价的方法进行了概括,指出了空间化,过程化,应用化和综合化的发展方向,并讨论了我国土壤评价研究的方向和趋势。     

工程图学教学中的美学思想初探

以美学理论和教学艺术理论为指导,结合实际教学经验,提出工程图学教学中图形性和统一性的审美特点,提出了工程图学教学中美的存在形式。详细论述了教学内容中的对称美、简洁美和奇异美,从独特视角论述了教学艺术中的缺憾美、和谐美和素养美。和谐美中提出了现代教育技术环境下应注意的问题,素养美的四个方面内涵了大学教师教学能力的主要素质。     

Perceptions of built environment and health outcomes for older Chinese in Beijing: A big data approach with street view images and deep learning technique

Built environment attributes have been demonstrated to be associated with various health outcomes. However, most empirical studies have typically focused on objective built environmental measures. Still, perceptions of the built environment also play an important role in health and may complement studies with objective measures. Some built environment attributes, such as liveliness or beauty, are difficult to measure objectively. Traditional methods to assess perceptions of the built environment, such as questionnaires and focus groups, are time-consuming and prone to recall bias. The recent development in machine deep learning techniques and big data of street view images, makes it possible to assess perceptions of the built environment with street view images for a large-scale study area. By using online free Tencent Street View (TSV) images, this study assessed six perceptual attributes of the built environment: wealth, safety, liveliness, depression, bore and beauty. These attributes were associated with both the physical and the mental health outcomes of 1231 older adults in 48 neighborhoods in the Haidian District, Beijing, China. Results show that perceived safety was significantly associated with both the physical and mental health outcomes. Perceived depression and beauty were significant related to older adults' mental health, while perceived wealth, bore and liveliness were significantly related to their physical health. The findings carry important policy implications and hence contribute to the development of healthy cities. It is urgent to improve residents' positive perceptions and decrease their negative perceptions of the built environment, especially in neighborhoods that are highly populated by older adults.     

浅谈现代漆画的材质语言

现代漆画是一门以材质语言美感来表现的绘画艺术。材质对现代漆画作品来说,不仅是传达审美意象的媒介和物质载体,而且其本身就是漆画作品审美价值的重要组成部分。正是对材质语言的深掘,现代漆画艺术才呼唤出那原本不可见的心灵之光     

A fuzzy preference‐ranking model for a quality evaluation of hospital web sites

This article presents a quality evaluation model for measuring the performance of hospital Web sites. The model is developed on the basis of a conceptual framework, which consists of seven major e‐service quality dimensions, including tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, confidence, empathy, quality of information, and integration of communication issues of Web sites. The dimensions and their associated attributes are first obtained from published articles in the health care and information technology literature and then adapted according to the suggestions of related domain experts. Two multicriteria decision‐making methods are used in the evaluation procedure. Determined Web site evaluation dimensions and their relevant attributes are weighted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Vagueness in some stages of the evaluation required the incorporation of fuzzy numbers in the assessment process. Both fuzzy and crisp data are then synthesized using the fuzzy PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) ranking method. The model is applied initially to measure the performance of the Web sites of Turkish hospitals. This study should be of interest to health care and technology practitioners and researchers, as the findings shed light on the further development of performance measurements for hospital Web sites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 21: 1181–1197, 2006.