地震资料在水平井部署及轨迹优化中的应用研究

地震资料具有较高的横向分辨率,通过精细的构造解释,对地层岩性和储层进行精确预测,可以为水平井的初步部署提供精确的地层深度及倾角数据,储层精细预测可为地质靶点优选提供可靠目标,三维地震层位和储层空间雕刻有利于水平井轨迹的设计。在水平井钻进过程中,将地震解释成果、反演数据体、三维建模成果及井地质录井、测井信息和LWD随钻数据集成在一起,协同研究,在钻井过程中实时开展井震对比综合研究,能够准确、快速、有效地对水平井钻探进行实时导向,优化轨迹。实钻情况表明,充分利用地震资料,可以有效提高水平井地质导向的成功率和储层钻遇率。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘红旗坝地区二维地震资料解释

地震解释方法是有效地利用区域地质、钻井、测井以及试井资料来指导地震资料的综合解释方法。本文充分利用钻测井资料和地震资料,从井点出发,通过地质基础研究,进行构造建模,采用邻区三维引层技术、多线联合解释技术以及层拉平技术,解释断层和地震反射层位,对红旗坝地区油气藏圈闭的发现和进一步认识该区油气分布规律,起到了重要的作用。     

C区块水平井建模技术研究

C区块属于油田三类区块,窄小河道砂体发育为主。针对开发区块目的层砂体规模小、不稳定、相变快的特征,采用井震结合构造建模技术,精细描述水平井区构造特征,及微幅度起伏变化,并根据测井砂岩解释数据及地震属性进行协同模拟,建立砂岩预测模型,精细描述区块内目的层砂体的展布特征,运用新加密井资料进行多次模型校正,提高建模精度。设计时进行轨迹优化和钻井时随钻跟踪调整轨迹。实际应用表明,采用上述方法可以提高水平井砂岩钻遇率。     

区块薄差储层水平井的优化设计

XX区块葡萄花油层属三角洲外前缘相沉积,储层类型以席状砂为主,砂体厚度薄,当前油价下直井开发无效益,提出了水平井开发薄差储层的设想。文章以精细构造解释、多井约束储层反演、三维精细地质建模等技术为手段,精细描述构造及储层特征,总结出了薄差储层水平井轨迹优化设计方法,并根据钻井过程中出现的问题,总结出一套水平井随钻跟踪调整方法及流程,对同类油田水平井的设计与跟踪具有重要的指导意义。     

多信息联合约束深度域建模技术在微幅构造成像中的应用

川南地区某工区前期时间域地震资料成果存在局部虚假微幅构造问题,导致页岩气水平井开发过程中实钻轨迹与地震预测钻井轨迹不符。针对该问题,采用深度域成像方法。充分收集利用解释、测井、钻井等多种信息,约束建立工区初始深度域速度模型。采用构造倾角约束的网格层析反演方法逐步提高各向同性速度模型精度。通过井震差估算工区各向异性参数体模型。采用精细刻画填充局部速度异常体,进一步提高局部速度模型精度。通过高精度各向异性高斯束体偏移进行深度域成像。处理成果主要目的层与钻井解释层位深度误差较小,微幅构造成像精度得到提高,支撑了水平井轨迹设计及钻井跟踪调整。     

三维地震资料构造解释技术探讨

本文探讨了三维地震资料构造解释技术,针对层位标定、层位解释、断裂解释、相干数据体、三维可视化、速度体的建立及构造成图,每个步骤的技术要点进行探讨。重点探讨三维地震资料构造解释运用的关键技术如合成记录层位标定技术,相干体技术,变速成图技术。通过实际应用获得较好的构造解释效果。     

三维地震属性分析技术在胡状集油田构造精细解释中的应用

文章主要探索了三维地震属性信息分析技术在构造精细解释中一些行之有效的技术手段。通过提取的地震属性与钻井资料的岩芯、综合录井及电性曲线等资料建立相关性,研究断裂系统及构造特征,储层精细描述和岩性解释。通过应用地震数据体相干分析技术、图分析技术可以识别出小断层并精确地刻画出小断层的分布,做到了各种属性的综合运用,大大降低了储层小断层的多解性,而且突破了以往单纯运用地震振幅强弱来识别断层技术手段的局限性。     

Geoprobe软件3D可视化相干技术识别小断层在宋芳屯油田芳231区块的应用

本文介绍了相干体技术在地震勘探方面的突破和Geoprobe软件的三维可视化相干体技术在宋芳屯油田芳231区块的应用,利用沿层雕刻透视相干体分析相邻近地震道的相干性,进而识别小断层和分析构造地质。通过实际效果分析可以看出,Geoprobe软件三维相干体技术是一种更有效识别断层解释的方法,可以提高解释精度,同时对油气藏分布具有一定的指导意义。     

地震精细构造解释在大庆长垣PB6断块的应用实例

针对大庆长垣老油田PB6断块开发区块井钻遇的断层较多,影响油田的开发效益,在高保真地震处理资料的基础上,利用三维数据体、相干体、蚂蚁体等地震属性、三维可视化等相关技术,对该区块进行精细的构造解释,提高解释精度,深化对断层的认识,为精细开发调整挖潜提供了有效的地质依据。     

井-震结合储层预测技术在窄薄砂体油田中的应用

p油田采用全三维体精细构造解释技术完成精细构造解释工作,优选井震结合储层反演方法进行相控砂体追踪,并通过井震联合三维地质建模技术进行了精细储层预测,精细描述了砂体空间展布形态,对指导类似油田井网加密调整具有重要指导意义。     

Development and use of positron emitting particle tracking (PEPT) for velocity measurements in viscous fluids in pilot scale equipment

Positron emitting particle tracking (PEPT) can be used to trace the path of a radioactive particle within opaque fluids in pilot scale equipment. Isokinetic tracers can be used to characterize flow fields inside such equipment. A pilot scale heat exchanger was designed and used with PEPT to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the technique; measurements were performed over a range of flows found in food processing plant, including extruder flows. Velocity distributions were estimated from the measured tracer locations for a range of barrel speeds, flow rates and rheological properties. The flow field is 3D; barrel speed and flow rate had a more pronounced effect on the velocity distributions than the rheological properties of the fluids. The flow field was simulated using a simple 2D approach and a full 3D simulation. The simulated velocity distributions compared favourably to the experimentally determined profiles: trends were correctly predicted by the 2D model whilst statistical agreement was found between data and the 3D simulation. The agreement between PEPT and CFD reinforces the validity of both methods.     

Nanoscale three-dimensional single particle tracking

Single particle tracking (SPT) in biological systems is a quickly growing field. Many new technologies are being developed providing new tracking capabilities, which also lead to higher demands and expectations for SPT. Following a single biomolecule as it performs its function provides quantitative mechanistic information that cannot be obtained in classical ensemble methods. From the 3D trajectory, information is available over the diffusional behavior of the particle and precise position information can also be used to elucidate interactions of the tracked particle with its surroundings. Thus, three-dimensional (3D) SPT is a very valuable tool for investigating cellular processes. This review presents recent progress in 3D SPT, from image-based techniques toward more sophisticated feedback approaches. We focus mainly on the feedback technique known as orbital tracking. We present here a modified version of the original orbital tracking in which the intensities from two z-planes are simultaneously measured allowing a concomitant wide-field imaging. The system can track single particles with a precision down to 5 nm in the x-y plane and 7 nm in the axial direction. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated using single virus tracing to follow the infection pathway of Prototype Foamy Virus in living cells.     

注射机合模机构设计软件的开发研究

针对注射机机械合模机构，以自动化设计为目标，集成数据管理、机构参数优化与特性分析、三维运动模拟、有限元分析和零件库的软件开发。该软件可有效地提高设计人员的分析能力和设计效率。     

仪表三维模型设计在石化工程项目中的应用

仪表三维模型设计在现有工程建设中主要用到的是PDMS软件,PDMS的含义是Plant Design Management System简称PDMS,是由英国AVEVA公司开发的工厂三维设计管理系统,在PDMS中多个专业组可以协同设计以建立一个详细的3D数字工厂模型,每个设计者在设计过程中都可以随时查看其它设计者正在干什么,同时元件信息全部可以存储在参数化的元件库中,PDMS能自动地在元件和各专业设计之间进行碰撞检查,从而在整体上保证设计结果的准确性,有效地避免现场施工过程中发生碰撞引起的设计变更。仪表专业主要在PDMS的设计模块创建三维的仪表电缆桥架及仪表设备模型[1]。     

微纳气泡的三维动态表征

由于微纳气泡极易受到扰动,水溶液中微纳气泡的表征极其具有挑战性.二维成像及追踪技术可对亚微米/微米至宏观尺度级别的气泡进行无损、高速且灵活的表征和观测.然而,真实世界是三维的.受限于成像焦面的景深,二维成像技术无法完整还原气泡的空间形貌特征和局部的三维动态过程,亦无法区分气泡和其他杂质.因此,发展了一种基于数字全息显微...     

Low‐order optimal regulation of parabolic PDEs with time‐dependent domain

Observer and optimal boundary control design for the objective of output tracking of a linear distributed parameter system given by a two‐dimensional (2‐D) parabolic partial differential equation with time‐varying domain is realized in this work. The transformation of boundary actuation to distributed control setting allows to represent the system's model in a standard evolutionary form. By exploring dynamical model evolution and generating data, a set of time‐varying empirical eigenfunctions that capture the dominant dynamics of the distributed system is found. This basis is used in Galerkin's method to accurately represent the distributed system as a finite‐dimensional plant in terms of a linear time‐varying system. This reduced‐order model enables synthesis of a linear optimal output tracking controller, as well as design of a state observer. Finally, numerical results are prepared for the optimal output tracking of a 2‐D model of the temperature distribution in Czochralski crystal growth process which has nontrivial geometry. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 494–502, 2015     

AutoLISP在工程设计中的应用

现在工程设计越来越多地使用三维设计软件。与二维设计相比,在设计理念和设计质量上都有了很大的提高;然而三维设计后期图纸量非常大,稍有更改,图纸更改所需的人工时也非常多。AutoLISP应用于三维设计软件后期图纸的处理,可以让工程师从重复的工作中解脱出来。     

A Novel Model for Predicting the Dense Phase Behavior of 3D Gas‐Solid Fluidized Beds

A novel phenomenological discrete bubble model was developed and tested for prediction of the hydrodynamic behavior of the dense phase of a 3D gas‐solid cylindrical fluidized bed. The mirror image technique was applied to take into account the effects of the bed wall. The simulation results were validated against experimental data reported in the literature that were obtained by positron emission particle tracking. The time‐averaged velocity profiles of particles predicted by the developed model were found to agree well with experimental data. The initial bubble diameter had no significant influence on the time‐averaged circulating pattern of solids in the bed. The model predictions clearly indicate that the developed model can fairly predict the hydrodynamic behavior of the dense phase of 3D gas‐solid cylindrical fluidized beds.     

Shannon entropy for local and global description of mixing by Lagrangian particle tracking

If 100 dice cannot be cast simultaneously, one single die can be cast 100 times. On the basis of this simple principle, the experimental technique of positron emission particle tracking has been used to develop and implement a new methodology for quantifying the local and global mixing characteristics within a mechanically agitated fluid batch system. This Lagrangian technique uses a single positron-emitting particle as flow follower. Using a high data acquisition rate, such a tracer is continuously tracked in 3D space and time to accurately determine its trajectory over a considerable period of time. By partitioning its long trajectory, the single particle tracer can be regarded as thousands of simultaneously tracked particles which are instantaneously, locally and non-invasively injected in the mixing system at varying feed positions. A large amount of PEPT data were collected for impeller rotational speeds ranging from 100 to 500 rpm which allowed new statistical tools derived from information theory, such as Shannon entropy and uncertainty, to be implemented in the data analysis. Thus, measurements of entropy mixing indices were obtained as a function of position, time and impeller speed. The method also allowed the determination of characteristic time parameters including the macroscale mixing time which agreed very well with correlations of the dimensionless mixing time available in the mixing literature. Detailed local information is provided on minimum mixing time positions for feed and withdrawal of material, which can be used to optimise the design or operation of stirred batch mixing systems.