A new Millimeter-wave printed dipole phased array antenna using microstrip-fed coplanar stripline tee junctions

A new millimeter-wave printed twin dipole phased array antenna is developed at Ka band using a new microstrip-fed CPS tee junction, which does not require any bonding wires, air bridges, or via holes. The phased array used a piezoelectric transducer (PET) controlled tunable multitransmission line phase shifter to accomplish a progressive phase shift. A progressive phase shift of 88.8/spl deg/ is achieved with the 5 mm of perturber length when the PET has full deflection. Measured return loss of the twin dipole antenna is better than 10 dB from 29.5 to 30.35 GHz. Measured return loss of better than 15 dB is achieved from 30 to 31.5 GHz for a 1/spl times/8 phased array. The phased array antenna has a measured antenna gain of 14.4 dBi with 42/spl deg/ beam scanning and has more than 11 dB side lobe suppression across the scan.     

Wide-band photonically phased array antenna using vector sum phase shifting approach

In this paper, a wide-band photonically phased array antenna is demonstrated. The array configuration consists of a 4 /spl times/ 1 Vivaldi single-polarization antenna array and an independent photonic phasing system for each element. The phasing network of this array is implemented using two novel photonic phase shifters based on the vector summation approach. A vector sum phase shifter (VSPS), which exhibits a frequency-linear characteristic from dc to 15 GHz and can be continuously tuned from 0 to 100/spl deg/, is presented. A second-order VSPS (SO-VSPS), a modification of the VSPS that is capable of 0-430/spl deg/ phasing range, is also demonstrated. This paper presents the operation and characterization of each component of the array, including the radiating elements and the various photonic phase shifters and, finally, a demonstration of the combined system. A discussion on the practicality of this system for airborne applications is presented, along with suggestions for simplification and improvement.     

Design, optimization, and validation of a planar nine-element Quasi-Yagi antenna array for X-band applications [Antenna designer's Notebook]

A planar antenna array, based on nine identical quasi-Yagi elements, is presented in this paper. Contrary to conventional designs, the feeding network is composed of three-way power dividers, which are carefully designed in order to provide synchronized output signals over a wide frequency range. The use of spline-shaped microstrip lines suppresses coupling effects by parallel lines. Thus, signal distortions within the feeding network are minimized. Compared to conventional designs with eight elements, the additional antenna element will enhance the gain of the array, which is between 10.5 dBi and 13 dBi in the X band. The input return loss of the antenna array is below -15 dB over most parts of the relevant spectrum, with a total bandwidth of 45%. The planar antenna array is well suited as a radiating element in linear phased arrays for multifunction radars, including SAR and MTI. Additionally, the suitability of this antenna for phased-array applications is studied by an experimental setup consisting of five antenna plates.     

基于DDS的有源相控阵天线

有源相控阵天线不仅能提高通信系统的性能,而且还能扩充其功能,所以在通信领域的应用越来越广泛.本文介绍一种没有高频移相器的8单元有源相控阵天线系统,它由平面天线阵、数字T/R组件、接收DBF和系统控制分析软件等组成.其基本原理是在发射模式下,利用直接数字合成(DDS)代替传统的高频移相器和衰减器.由于DDS的工作频率比较低,需要通过上变频到系统所需要的工作频率(2.0GHz).在发射模式下,通过控制DDS完成发射波束形成所必需的幅度、相位加权和上变频所必需的本振信号;在接收模式下,则利用DDS技术产生接收信号下变频所必需的本振信号,然后采用DBF技术形成接收波束.文中详细介绍了基于DDS的有源相控阵天线的实现方法和实验结果.通过8单元基于DDS的有源相控阵天线系统的研究,证实了DDS技术在相控阵天线中应用的显著优点和相控阵天线在通信领域具有潜在应用市场.     

一种基于5G应用的圆极化微带相控阵天线

本文提出一款应用于5G频段,可实现方位面±40°波束扫描的圆极化微带相控阵天线。该相控阵天线单元是由矩形贴片、上下介质板、缝隙耦合馈电结构、金属反射板构成。利用切比雪夫综合法的一分八不等分功分器实现相控阵天线的馈电形式。测试结果表明,阵列天线的驻波比带宽为3.25 GHz～3.69 GHz,端口隔离度大于25 dB,扫描过程中增益最大为21 dB,增益衰落小于3 dB,最大扫描角处轴比为2.89 dB。该天线具有低剖面、高隔离度、高增益以及良好的波束扫描性能等优点。     

低互耦星载相控阵天线设计

介绍了一款工作于Ku频段的低互耦星载相控阵天线的设计方法, 采用在阵列单元周围加载金属腔体的方式降低阵列单元之间的互耦效应, 从而改善相控阵天线的方向图扫描特性.针对相控阵天线在二维±60°范围内低副瓣波束扫描的特点, 对5×5子阵和16×16阵列进行了研究, 验证了阵列的互耦降低方法的有效性和电性能.研究结果表明:相控阵单元间互耦小于-16 dB, 而相控阵单元在15.1~16.8 GHz电压驻波比小于2, 相对带宽11%;在频率为f₀±500 MHz范围内, E面3 dB波束宽度大于98°, 5 dB波束宽度大于113°, H面3 dB波束宽度大于113°, 5 dB波束宽度大于122°.在仿真设计的基础上, 研制了子阵天线试验样机, 测试结果与设计结果吻合良好, 证明了降低互耦方法的有效性, 天线单元方向图满足在±60°范围内波束扫描的要求, 可应用于相控阵雷达系统.     

反射面天线焦面场采样研究与相控阵馈源设计

为了设计高性能的相控阵馈源(phased array feed,PAF),通过反射面天线焦面场最优采样的研究,给出了PAF参数与天线口径效率之间的关系,总结了PAF的最优采样范围和单元间距,导出了PAF单元数量的计算公式.给出了一个9 m天线的PAF设计实例和性能分析,在4～7 GHz频率范围内,扫描范围为±3°时,天...     

非相似元四倍频程相控阵天线

对数周期天线是一种宽带天线 ,单个天线单元的带宽可以很宽 ,但其宽带特性在组阵时将受到一定的影响 ,在相控阵中更受到扫描角的限制 ,文中采用非相似元的方法有效地解决了四倍频程相控阵天线扫描时宽带和宽角的矛盾 ,扩展了对数周期天线在相控阵中的应用     

Design and analysis of a microwave large-range variable phase-shifter based on an injection-locked harmonic self-oscillating mixer

In this letter, a new microwave variable phase-shifter based on an injection-locked harmonic self-oscillating mixer, is presented for its application in an active microstrip phased antenna array. The circuit provides the double functionality of variable phase-shifter and down-converter. Maximum conversion gain is obtained, through the optimization of a new multi-harmonic load at the input-port of the circuit. The ranges of synchronized operation are analyzed versus the circuit parameters and the corresponding phase-shifts are calculated. The stability of the synchronized solutions is analyzed using the envelope transient simulation method. An 11.25-1.5-GHz down-converter with a 3.25-GHz free-running frequency has been designed, providing a phase-shift variation at intermediate frequency up to 540/spl deg/, with a 4.5-dB conversion gain. A good agreement between the simulated and experimental results has been found.     

一种相控阵光学天线设计方法

相控阵天线可实现波束的电控扫描,已在微波波段获得广泛应用.但在光波波段,由于波长短引入的大电尺寸问题影响了相控阵的应用.本文提出了一种相控阵光学天线设计方法,通过增大阵列栅距大幅减少阵元数量,并通过设计阵元辐射特性抑制大栅距产生的栅瓣,显著增强相控阵光学天线的可实现性,该方法的代价为限制了天线的扫描范围.此外,还提出了通过模2π的方法降低光学移相器的实现难度,并论证了该方法在光波波段的合理性和可行性.     

面向高铁卫星通信系统的高性能天线罩设计

设计了一款适用于高铁平台卫星通信相控阵天线的高性能天线罩.该天线罩针对载体应用环境，设计了双向对称、低剖面的气动外形，以满足载体高速双向对开时低空气阻力的要求；同时根据卫星通信相控阵天线波束扫描的特点，设计了变厚度夹层结构，以实现天线罩对任意极化方向的电磁波宽角入射时高透波率的电性能.以Ku频段为例，根据设计结果进行了实物制作和测试验证，测试结果显示在10.5~13 GHz频率范围内，采用垂直极化波和水平极化波分别照射时，天线罩在0~70°的入射角范围内，透波率均保持在80%以上，同时天线罩对相控阵扫描波束的指向误差维持在±0.5°范围内.     

A sectored phased array for DBF applications

In this paper, we present the idea of using switching techniques in phased arrays in order to reduce the size and cost of the RF/IF circuitry on a smart array system with a given number of array elements. The principle is illustrated using a sectored phased array antenna working on the 5.2 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. The antenna is a four-element dipole array, with two active and two parasitic elements. The array uses a reflective 2P4T switch to route the RF signals to consecutive elements of the array and four pin diode SPST switches for short or open circuiting the antenna elements. The performance of the proposed antenna system surpasses the performance of traditional two-port phased array systems and is comparable to that of four-element planar arrays. Simulated results of the antenna performance and beam-forming capabilities are presented.     

Dual-Polarized Broadband Array Antenna With BOR-Elements, Mechanical Design and Measurements

A dual polarized broadband phased array antenna designed for the frequency range 6-18 GHz, a 45deg conical grating lobe free scan volume and equipped with BOR-elements developed by Saab is presented. The aim with this array element is to bring about a dual polarized broadband array antenna that is easy to assemble, disassemble and connect to active microwave modules. Disassembling may be important for maintenance and upgrade reasons. Mechanical design and electromagnetic performance in the form of active reflection coefficient, calculated from measured mutual coupling coefficients, and measured active gain element pattern for a central and an edge element is presented. Edge effects in the array, which may be severe in small broadband arrays, are considered in this paper     

一种超宽带双极化阵列天线的设计

为满足超宽带无线通信应用需求,研究了一种超宽带双极化强耦合阵列天线. 阵元由两对相连印刷偶极子正交构成,结合Marchand巴伦与Wilkinson功分器构建的馈电网络,实现了平衡馈电、阻抗变换和带内共模谐振抑制等技术. 实验与仿真结果表明,该阵列天线可实现阻抗带宽1.5～4.0 GHz,E面波束扫描范围±60°,H面波束扫描范围±50°,并且天线结构简单,适合双极化宽角扫描相控阵天线系统的应用.     

一种低成本星载宽角扫描相控阵天线设计

设计了一种工作于X频段的星载圆极化相控阵天线。相控阵天线单元的馈电探针与连接器进行了一体化设计,消除了焊点,提高了阵面的可靠性;同时阵列单元周围加载金属腔体结构,降低了单元间的耦合,展宽了天线波束,提高了阵列的扫描增益;阵面为全金属结构,可实现相控阵的均温性与内部热量的辐射,阵面自身具有较强的空间抗辐照能力,同时也能对相控阵内部的有源器件提供良好的辐照屏蔽。相控阵有源组件和合成网络采用瓦片架构,具有轻量化和低剖面的特点。所设计相控阵天线具有±60°宽角扫描能力和4%的工作带宽。     

Circularly polarized dielectric-loaded planar antenna excited bythe parallel feeding waveguide network

A new receiving planar array antenna for DBS (direct broadcasting satellite) is proposed. The element antenna is a short waveguide aperture mounted in the ground plane, loaded with a dielectric and polarizers, and excited through its side wall by another feeding rectangular waveguide. The gain of the element antenna loaded with a dielectric is so high that the grating lobes can be reduced sufficiently even if the element spacing in the array is wider than the wavelength in free space. Therefore we can reduce the number of the array elements, and parallel feeding by the low loss waveguide network can be feasible to provide a planar array antenna. This paper describes the experimental results of several kinds of the circularly polarized dielectric-loaded element antennas and the planar antennas fed by the waveguide network. In the 12 GHz band the planar antenna with 64-element radiators has a maximum gain of 31.9 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 94.7%, the 1 dB-down frequency bandwidth of the gain is about 800 MHz (6.7% for a center frequency of 11.85 GHz), and the frequency bandwidth of the axial ratio is less than 1 dB of 850 MHz (7.2%)     

一种应用于5G的紧凑型阵列天线设计

提出一种应用于5G的紧凑型阵列天线,由4个天线单元相互正交放置,通过在天线单元之间的上下两个平面分别添加4个二分之一波长的微带线,提高了天线单元间的隔离度。利用高频电磁仿真软件,对所提天线单元及阵列结构进行分析。实验结果表明,阵列天线的工作频段分别为2.72~3.92 GHz和4.74~5.42 GHz,在工作频段内各天线单元间的隔离度均低于-20 dB,完全覆盖5G所需的3.3~3.6 GHz和4.8~5.0 GHz两个工作频段。该阵列天线结构紧凑,体积仅为68.5 mm×68.5 mm×1.524 mm,能够被5G的小型化便携设备所应用。     

Beam-Steerable Ultra-Wide-Band Miniaturized Elliptical Phased Array Antenna Using Inverted-L-Shaped Modified Inset Feed and Defected Ground Structure for 5G Smartphones Millimeter-Wave Applications

Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) and phased array systems are considered a key technologies to realize the 5G communication systems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the suggestion of a novel mm-wave Ultrawide Band (UWB) antenna design with compact and straightforward layout suitable for both MIMO and phased array systems. Hence, the designed antenna array has been studied separately as a MIMO antenna and as a phased array antenna to carefully assess the performance of each system. The single antenna design is an elliptical patch antenna where the design novelty lies in the combination of a modified inset-feed and defected ground structure to provide a large bandwidth without any compromise in the radiation performance, nor in antenna size and design simplicity. The Design process are performed using CST MWS software, where the Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate is chosen to construct the antenna. A broadband characteristic of 8.7 GHz from 26 to 34.7 GHz with two resonant frequencies at 28 GHz and 33 GHz is obtained. A good radiation properties are achieved, where the gain is greater than 4.5 dB while the radiation efficiency exceeds 97% over the operating band. The MIMO and phased array antennas are made up of 12-elements of the single UWB-antenna arranged linearly along the width-edge of the smartphone mainboard. The MIMO antenna proves a high diversity performance in terms of Diversity Gain (DG), Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) and Mean Effective Gain (MEG), owing to the low mutual coupling less than ??20 dB, which is obtained using a separating slits between the elements. In addition, the suggested phased array provides a highly stable gain up to 15 dB over the entire bandwidth at broadside direction, besides the wide scanning range of?±?60° at 28 GHz and?±?40° at 33 GHz. Hence, the attained results assure that the suggested antenna could be appropriate for incorporation in 5G smartphones and other wireless devices and can be effectively used for both phased array and MIMO applications.

     

车载光控相控阵天线设计

本文介绍了一种应用于卫星通信的车载光控相控阵天线的关键技术设计,并对天线元、天线阵和光真延时等关键部件进行了仿真,表明采用光真延时技术的相控阵天线具有宽频宽角扫描的特点,可以较好地解决传统相控阵天线无法应用于宽带通信系统的问题。     

A 16-element two-dimensional active self-steering array using self-oscillating mixers

A 16-element two-dimensional (2-D) retrodirective array using self-oscillating mixers (SOMs) is presented. SOMs allow for easier implementation of larger 2-D arrays by eliminating the complex local-oscillator (LO) feed structure. A 4 /spl times/ 4 element retrodirective array using SOMs is demonstrated at an LO frequency of 7.68 GHz. Each element is phased locked at the LO frequency with an accompanying RF frequency isolation of 17.9 dB between adjacent horizontal elements and 22.2 dB between adjacent vertical elements. A -10-dBm external injection-locking signal is applied to reduce the phase noise of the 16-element array to -68.2 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset. Retrodirectivity is observed in the /spl phi/=0/spl deg/, /spl phi/=-45/spl deg/, and /spl phi/=-90 plane for scattering angles of /spl theta/=-15/spl deg/, /spl theta/=0/spl deg/, and /spl theta/=+30/spl deg/.