掌纹掌脉图像超小波域融合识别算法

针对单一生物特征识别技术易受外界各种因素影响,识别率和稳定性有待提高的问题,提出一种掌纹掌脉图像超小波域融合识别算法NSCT-NBP。首先,对掌纹掌脉图像利用非下采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）进行分解,将得到的低频和高频子图像分别利用区域能量和图像自相似原理进行融合;然后,对融合后的图像利用近邻二值模式（NBP）提取纹理特征,获得特征向量;最后,通过计算特征向量间的汉明距离比较融合图像间的近似程度来计算等误率（EER）。在PloyU图库及自建图库上进行实验,结果表明,NSCT-NBP算法可获得最低的EER,分别为0.72%和0.96%,识别时间仅为0.0530 s和0.0871 s,与当前最优的基于小波变换和Gabor滤波器的掌纹掌脉融合方法相比,在两个图库上EER分别降低了4%和36.8%。NSCT-NBP算法能够有效融合掌纹掌脉图像的纹理特征,具有良好的识别性能,并且掌纹掌脉特征的融合增强了识别系统的安全性。     

一种基于MFRAT和ICP的掌纹主线提取和配准算法

为提高受旋转和平移影响的掌纹图像的识别精度,文中采用一种基于方向最近邻域(DNN)搜索的迭代最近点(ICP)图像配准算法,对掌纹主纹线特征图像进行配准,同时在掌纹主纹线特征图像配准过程中采用粗配准和精配准相融合的配准方式.实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的计算效率和较好的抗旋转平移能力.     

基于局部线性二值模式的掌纹掌脉融合识别

为了改善图像模糊导致鲁棒性下降这一问题,提出了一种基于掌纹掌脉双模态融合的多生物特征识别方法.对传统的线性二值模式(LBP)方法进行改进,提出了一种新的特征提取方法——局部线性二值模式(LLBP);对掌纹掌脉图像进行分块操作,形成分块局部线性二值模式(BLLBP),并将掌纹和掌脉特征进行融合;利用汉明距离进行匹配.实验图库分别为接触式公用图库和自建PolyU模糊图库以及自建SUT-D模糊图库,并与目前典型方法进行对比实验,结果表明:在三个图库中可分别获得最低等错误率(EER)为1.1513%,4.5162%和7.0439%,充分证明了该方法能够进一步提高身份识别的防伪性、鲁棒性及识别精度,具有可行性.     

多光谱掌脉和掌纹离焦图像融合方法

非接触条件下单模态手部图像纹理信息有限,不利于识别。本文提出利用同一装置在多光谱下分时快速获取掌纹和掌脉图像。通过掌纹图像在静脉图像中进行掌纹主线增强处理,达到增加纹理信息、改善识别效果的目的。控制掌纹、掌脉两幅图像获取间隔小于0.1s,忽略手掌细微空间移位,对获取的掌纹图像进行感兴趣区域(Region of interest,ROI)提取,并利用掌纹ROI坐标参数进行静脉图像的ROI提取。然后对两个ROI区域进行预处理,通过多层小波分解得到的掌纹高频信息快速定位掌纹主线。最后根据掌纹主线归一化后的高频分量,进行掌纹和掌脉小波系数的融合,最终得到在静脉纹理图像中增强掌纹主线纹理的融合图像。实验结果表明,融合后的图像中在保持静脉纹理信息原有状态下,掌纹主线纹理信息明显增加,识别效果得到改善。     

基于CCD的掌纹掌脉采集模块设计

针对掌纹掌脉身份认证的需求,以掌纹和掌静脉图像采集系统作为研究对象,设计了一种基于CCD的掌纹掌脉采集模块.采集模块采用单CCD作为图像感应芯片,在单颗芯片上同时获得掌纹掌脉图像,光源设计上突破性地采用了激光二极管作为红外补充光源,采集的图像以USB数据形式进行上传.实验表明:采集模块能够获得满足图像处理要求的清晰可靠的掌纹掌脉图像.     

改进的单幅近红外掌纹掌静脉图像融合识别*

现有的单幅近红外掌静脉掌纹融合识别算法不能很好的突出掌纹与掌静脉结构。针对这个问题,提出一种改进的融合识别算法。首先,采用分块模型去除图像中的掌静脉得到掌纹结构,通过隶属度函数对掌纹结构进行模糊化,再进行反锐化掩模增强,突出掌纹结构信息;然后,使用边缘检测加权引导滤波对掌静脉结构进行增强,突出掌静脉结构;最后,将掌纹和掌静脉图像进行融合。实验结果表明,改进后的融合识别算法的识别率达到了99.81%。     

基于局部重叠区域的无显著特征图像配准算法

针对沙漠、戈壁等特征不显著场景在配准过程中存在快速性、精确性等问题,提出一种基于局部重叠区域的特征不显著图像配准方法。首先利用图像标记对待配准图像进行预处理增强其特征,接着通过多相机三维投影对多幅待配准图像重叠区域进行预算,并采用图像掩膜和图像分割技术将重叠区域分割出来,最后对重叠区域使用ORB+GMS（Oriented Brief-Grid-based Motion Statistics for Fast）融合算法进行配准,完成多幅图像的配准工作。基于图像重叠区域的配准避免了无显著特征图像在进行整体配准时精确性低的缺点,并且由于是局部配准,相较于全局配准拥有更快的配准速度。对比传统配准方法和本文提出的改进配准方法,实验结果显示,本文提出的改进方法配准精度在传统配准方法的基础上提升了28%,同时,算法具有更高的鲁棒性和实时性。     

掌纹识别研究进展综述

掌纹图像蕴含丰富特征,容易与手背静脉、指节纹及手形特征进行多模态融合,因此成为生物特征识别领域的热点.文中主要从掌纹的采集、感兴趣区域的检测、特征提取与匹配3方面介绍掌纹识别的基本流程.探讨基于不同特征融合的多模态识别策略.根据特征提取方法的不同,掌纹识别算法可分为基于手工设计的算法(如编码特征、结构特征、统计特征、子空间特征)和基于特征学习的算法(如机器学习和深度学习),文中对上述算法进行详细对比和分析.最后讨论未来掌纹识别面临的挑战和发展,特别是复杂场景下跨平台的掌纹识别系统.     

一种基于关系度量融合框架的说话人认证特征级融合算法

探讨了说话人认证特征级融合策略的可行性. 根据关系度量融合框架,构建该策略认证系统. 通过与传统融合、单模态算法比较,本算法性能优于以上算法. 为进一步分析特征级融合算法优于现有融合算法的原因,本文利用最大Kullback-Leibler距离计算融合算法融合信息量. 该距离弥补了传统Kullback-Leibler距离不具有对称性的缺憾, 更加精准地获取信息量. 分析结果验证了本算法实验结论, 说明特征级融合可获取比现有匹配分数级融合更多的信息量,从而取得更优精度.     

用改进的粒子群算法实现多模态刚性医学图像的配准

多模态医学图像的配准在医学诊断和治疗计划中起着重要的作用．提出了一种基于轮廓特征点和改进的粒子群优化算法((Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO))求解的配准方法．该方法首先用Canny算子提取图像的边缘,用ISODATA算法进行聚类分析提取出轮廓特征点,然后用两轮廓匹配点对的欧几里德距离平均值的极小值作为两个特征点对配准准则,并用改进的PSO算法求解配准所需的空间变换参数．实验证明;该方法配准精度能够达到亚像素级,能够避免陷入局部极小值而且速度得到明显改善,其应用于多模态医学图像的配准是可行的．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.