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本文介绍了可降解烃化物、淀粉基可降解塑料、聚乳酸基可降解塑料的降解机理,发展现状以及在包装领域的应用,同时对可降解包装材料的未来发展趋势进行预测。 相似文献
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介绍了全生物降解淀粉塑料的研究目的和意义,综述了国内外对全淀粉材料、淀粉/可降解聚合物和淀粉/天然高分子共混物3种全生物降解淀粉塑料的研究进程,最后提出全生物降解淀粉塑料研究中存在的不足,并且对全生物降解淀粉塑料进行了展望。 相似文献
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可降解塑料产业发展概述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
塑料从发明至今已逾百余年,人们在使用传统塑料所带来的生活便利的同时也带了严重的环境问题.可降解塑料的发现和发展对于缓解"白色污染",降低资源能源消耗起到了重大推动作用.本文主要从塑料行业发展背景入手,分别阐述了可降解塑料的概况、可降解塑料的应用和可降解塑料市场分析,较为全面的介绍了可降解材料产业的发展情况. 相似文献
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近几十年来人们在不断地通过各种途径寻求可以代替传统塑料的可完全降解的材料,经过了反复争论和多年实践,已达成共识,降解材料必须在废弃后的较短时间内能够全部降解成为无害物质,如二氧化碳和水。天然可降解物质的利用对于制备可降解材料具有极其重要实际意义淀粉、植 相似文献
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(三)我国之进展我国于80年代开始研制可降解塑料。随着人们对可降解塑料认识的深入,研究单位日渐增多。有江西省科学院、华南理工大学、天津大学、武汉大学、吉林省塑料研究所、长春应用化学研究所、广东高技术产品发展中心、北京华新淀粉降解树脂制品公司等20多家单位。其中,江西省科学院应用化学研究所研制的淀粉塑料,在国内首先取得成功,并于1987年通过科研成果正式鉴定、1988年进行中试。建立了国内第 相似文献
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一种可降解耐磨塑料编织袋及其制备方法,包括以下工艺:酚化木质素、木质素磺酸钠、5?羟甲基糠醛升温反应,得到酚醛树脂;与二异氰酸酯反应;利用其改性淀粉,与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯混合挤出,得到可降解母粒;可降解母粒、聚乙烯、填料、加工助剂挤出成膜,切割得扁丝,编织得编织袋。本技术通过淀粉进行改性,进行疏水、极性改性,促进改性淀粉与PBS的相容;淀粉所使用的改性剂由木质素原料、生物质醛反应得到,为酚醛树脂,具备一定可降解能力,并能够改善复合材料的耐磨性和力学性能。填料经过偶联剂和氯化锌处理,在物料共混挤出阶段,促进体系交联,提高编织袋的力学性能和耐磨性能。 相似文献
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目的以玉米双磷脂淀粉和聚己内酯(PCL)为原料,甘油为增塑剂,改性纳米TiO2为抗菌剂,制备一种具有抗菌性能的可降解材料,并对不同淀粉/PCL质量比和不同纳米TiO2添加量下制得的共混材料进行表征,以探究最佳共混比例。方法将不同质量比的淀粉/PCL混合,添加一定量的甘油作为增塑剂,并添加不同含量的纳米TiO2作为抗菌剂,熔融共混并热压成型,利用力学、红外、紫外、SEM、DSC、水接触角等方法对所制备的共混材料进行性能表征。结果随着PCL含量的增加,共混材料的断裂伸长率先下降后上升,拉伸强度逐渐上升,PCL质量分数为100%时共混材料的拉伸强度较未添加提高了104%,对紫外光的屏蔽作用增强,接触角从78.2°下降到53.3°;DSC显示当淀粉的比例相对较大时,整个体系的结晶度较低,但PCL的结晶速率加快。TiO2的加入未使体系发生化学变化,对共混材料的拉伸强度无明显影响,断裂伸长率先增加后减小,在TiO2质量分数为0.9%时,达到最大为51.69%。TiO2... 相似文献
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Lactic acid based polymers of medical grade were crystallized under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions from the melt. Optically pure enantiomeric polylactides, Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and Poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), are found to crystallize as crystalline form. PLLA/PDLA blends were prepared by a melt mixing process and during solidification yielded both lower melting homocrystallites and higher melting stereocomplex crystallites. The effects of isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization conditions on developed polymorphism and degree of crystallinity are evaluated for PLLA/PDLA blends. 相似文献
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目的 综述国内外生物可降解塑料共混改性的常用策略,为高品质生物可降解塑料的工业化开发提供思路与理论方法。方法 共混改性是高分子材料改性的常用策略,因其具有高效、经济的特点而被广泛采用,本文针对生物可降解高分子材料增韧共混改性策略,选取聚乳酸(PLA)、对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)作为对象,对增韧共混改性研究现状进行归纳、总结和分析,同时对比各自的增韧改性效果及优点和不足。结论 以生物可降解塑料取代不可降解塑料可以在很大程度上缓解当前的环境污染问题,在未来地膜和包覆材料中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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F. Schellhammer M. Schumacher A. Berlis H. G. Bloss A. Pagenstecher 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2001,32(2):193-199
Poly‐Lactic‐Acid (PLA) was evaluated for coating of vascular endoprostheses in the treatment of experimental arterio‐venous‐fistulae (AVF). Bilateral carotid – external jugular AVF were created in 5 adult dogs. 7 PLA coated nitinol stents were placed via a transfemoral approach covering 5 AVF. The contralateral AVF remained untreated. Angiography was performed immediately after stent placement, at weeks 1 and 3 and at months 3, 6 and 9. All grafts were removed and underwent histologic examination. In 2 cases the occlusion of the AVF was successful, while misplacement occurred in 3 cases. Occlusion of the parent vessel was disclosed in 3 cases. Histologic examination revealed a mild inflammatory reaction with the presence of macrophages. There was no foreign‐body reaction or fragmentation of the arterial vessel wall. PLA, which is a well‐known biodegradable material, showed a good mid‐term biocompatibility. Elastic mismatch of the non‐elastic coating and the self‐expandable nitinol stent caused misplacement. Frequent vessel‐occlusions were probably due to PLA‐filaments fraying into the vessel lumen. Using a different textile structure PLA might be a material suitable for coating endovascular stents. 相似文献
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目的 通过综述农药微胶囊制备过程中壁材的选择、组成、结构性质对微胶囊性能的影响,以期为农药微胶囊的制备提供设计依据和思路。方法 梳理近年来报道的5类不同农药微胶囊壁材体系的研究进展,包括天然高分子材料、半合成高分子材料、非降解合成高分子材料、可降解合成高分子材料、无机材料,最后提出未来的研究方向。结果 近年来农药微胶囊的研发已取得了许多成果,但制备性能优异及满足现代化农业绿色发展的农药微胶囊仍需进一步探究。结论 传统农药在农药市场会持续占据较大份额,但农药微胶囊是未来农药的新方向。 相似文献
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本文介绍了 ST/PVA 淀粉塑料薄膜的制造、性能和应用情况,该薄膜是当今世界新型高分子材料之一,具有原料丰富,成本较低和可自然降解无污染的特点,为解决塑料污染全球性问题提供一条可靠途径,属国内首创产品,有良好的开发前景。 相似文献
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影响淀粉基生物降解复合材料结构和性能的因素 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
综述了国内外淀粉与聚合物共混研制降解复合材料的研究成果,探讨了淀粉基生物降解复合材料的相态结构、力学性能和生物降解性能,并深入地分析了影响淀粉基复合材料性能的各种因素,为本领域的科学研究提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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In this part of the series, the impact behaviour of the PBT and PC blends without impact modifier was studied. Failure mechanism of the blends under various conditions was discussed. It was found that the key toughening process, i.e. interfacial debonding-cavitation, was disabled when the blends were subjected to impact loading. Hence, the fracture of the thick PBT/PC specimens with strong interface occurred under plane-strain condition. Their impact toughness obeys the rule of mixtures and synergistic toughening could not be achieved. When thinner specimens were tested, the fracture took place under non-plane-strain condition. But, the toughness of the blends was much lower than the value predicted by the rule of mixtures. Negative blending effect was obtained. Study on the strain rate effect suggests that under impact loading, the PC domains in the blends are subjected to an additional plastic constraint imposed by the neighboring PBT matrix, which is more rigid at a higher strain rate. Since fracture of the PC is highly sensitive to the plastic constraint at the crack-tip, the PBT imposed high plastic constraint promotes brittle fracture of the PC, leading to a deteriorated impact resistance. Evidences from TEM, SEM and OM studies support the mechanism proposed. Based on this mechanism, some suggestions on the selection of polymer components and design of microstructure for rigid-rigid polymer blends are also given. 相似文献