Is biological treatment a viable alternative for micropollutant removal in drinking water treatment processes?

In western societies, clean and safe drinking water is often taken for granted, but there are threats to drinking water resources that should not be underestimated. Contamination of drinking water sources by anthropogenic chemicals is one threat that is particularly widespread in industrialized nations. Recently, a significant amount of attention has been given to the occurrence of micropollutants in the urban water cycle. Micropollutants are bioactive and/or persistent chemicals originating from diverse sources that are frequently detected in water resources in the pg/L to μg/L range. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the viability of biological treatment processes as a means to remove micropollutants from drinking water resources. We first place the micropollutant problem in context by providing a comprehensive summary of the reported occurrence of micropollutants in raw water used directly for drinking water production and in finished drinking water. We then present a critical discussion on conventional and advanced drinking water treatment processes and their contribution to micropollutant removal. Finally, we propose biological treatment and bioaugmentation as a potential targeted, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to existing processes while critically examining the technical limitations and scientific challenges that need to be addressed prior to implementation. This review will serve as a valuable source of data and literature for water utilities, water researchers, policy makers, and environmental consultants. Meanwhile this review will open the door to meaningful discussion on the feasibility and application of biological treatment and bioaugmentation in drinking water treatment processes to protect the public from exposure to micropollutants.     

纽约/城市/艺术家/画廊

有画画的朋友问:"在纽约住哪儿?"我说曼哈顿."曼哈顿哪儿?"我说切尔西."窃而喜?离苏荷远吗?"我说不远,感觉像西四到西单."唉苏荷,艺术中心啊!"距今将近20年前飞往艺术圣地,降落在纽约的时候,我也是这样想.其实,早已确立了西方当代艺术重镇地位的苏荷,那时已经从巅峰开始下滑.20年前的中国比今天要闭塞得多,我还为来得太迟不能身居苏荷而惋惜.还不觉悟,从那以后在纽约十几年的栖身之地--切尔西地区,将迅速取代苏荷成为新的艺术中心,将亲眼目睹纽约历史上最大规模画廊迁移的实况.     

预处理/USR/UASB/SBR/AO/氧化塘工艺处理养猪污水

采用三级固液分离-USR-UASB-化学除氨-SBR-AO-氧化塘处理养猪污水,处理规模为500 m~3/d,原水COD为10 000~15 000 mg/L、BOD_5为5 000~8 000 mg/L、SS为4 000~10 000 mg/L、NH_3-N为800~1 000 mg/L、TP为25~80 mg/L,处理后出水COD为300~380mg/L、BOD_5为120~150 mg/L、SS为150~200 mg/L、NH_3-N为60~80 mg/L、TP为5~8 mg/L,出水水质优于《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB 18596—2001)。     

‘WAKE/UP/AND/DREAM/FOR/THE/EIGHTIES’: Nigel Coates 1975–82

Nigel Coates graduated from Bernard Tschumi's unit at the Architectural Association in 1974, before joining him in 1977 to develop a new unit together. These were formative years for Coates, a period that shaped his architectural preoccupations for the following decades – yet they remain relatively unexplored. Between 1974 and 1977, Coates produced a number of installation and performance works with the artist Antonio Lagarto and fellow AA graduate Jenny Lowe, influenced by Tschumi's own explorations with the curator RoseLee Goldberg, and their exhibition at the Royal College of Art, A Space: A Thousand Words (1975). The works considered the potential for space to be amplified by the introduction of markers, representations of other spaces and the movement of the body. This article exposes these works for the first time, tracing the changes in Coates's thinking during this period and how it was reflected in the Unit 10 briefs that he and Tschumi developed in the period 1977–80. It chronicles Coates's pivotal trips to New York during 1980–81 to teach at Bennington College, where his exposure to a dynamic club-scene and influential new art would mark a step change in the young architect's trajectory. Charting Coates's development through his own work and his teaching at the AA, the article constructs the background from which the radical architectural group NATØ emerged in 1983.     

预处理/厌氧/MBR/NF/RO工艺处理垃圾焚烧渗滤液

以苏州某处理规模为700 m~3/d垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理工程为例,介绍了预处理+厌氧反应器+MBR+NF+RO组合工艺在焚烧厂渗滤液处理中的应用情况。该工程经预处理去除部分悬浮物,通过厌氧工艺降低有机物负荷,采用MBR工艺进一步降低有机物浓度并达到脱氮除磷效果,出水进入NF和RO进行深度处理,进一步去除难降解有机物和盐分。经系统处理后,出水COD60 mg/L,氨氮1 mg/L,出水直接回用于焚烧厂循环冷却水,实现了零排放,具有较好的环境和经济效益。